Master Networking for Cybersecurity 2027 | Beginner to Pro Course Intro

Hello friends, I am Ansh and you are watching the Ben Tech YouTube channel. If you remember, I created a playlist

on my YouTube channel 7 years ago, in which I gave you almost 60 videos. And in that 60-video playlist, I taught you

complete computer networking, which was specially focused on cybersecurity people, clearing all their concepts

that would be useful for them in cybersecurity for many years to come. Which would give them full fundamental

knowledge so they become so strong in networking that they face no issues in cyber and can study in any domain they

want. Including AppSec, Red Team, GRC, or anything else. So they can flourish and get a job in this industry, and I

went so deep into it that the problem was, I was in college at that time and I had studied very deeply myself. I

used to read a lot of books. I used to ask my teachers. So I was at the peak of my learning and I tried to teach

everything. Now, surprisingly, that playlist of mine is still one of the most-watched playlists on my YouTube

channel, and the first video on it still gets over 10,000 views every week . Now, the thing is that it is a 7-8

year old playlist, and the knowledge I had at that time I still have, but I have learned a lot more from the

experience I have gained working in this industry. I now have 5 to 6 years of experience in AppSec, and at that

time, I didn't even have a job. So I know very well what things I studied that were useful to me and what things

were not. So, there was a lot in that playlist that I was studying for GATE which I taught you, even though you

might not need it. So I thought of having a playlist that I have curated through my experience in the industry

so far. I will focus on all the companies I have worked at in cybersecurity and the practical

experience I have, applying my mind to how much networking was useful to me, and I will teach you that. So, the

topics that were useful to me and that I think everyone should study if you are starting in cybersecurity. If you

are a beginner and you are interested in entering cyber and want a job. If you are quite serious about your career

, then this playlist that I am creating today and will create hereafter is what you need to watch, and you shouldn't

need to watch anything else. Except for the fact that you will practice on your own. You have to do the practice

yourself. You have to apply your own mind, make notes of the concepts, and keep refreshing them. But the things I

teach will be enough for you to advance in cyber and build a career. This much fundamental knowledge should be

sufficient. So now I am starting my new playlist for networking in 2026 and beyond. I know this will be published

after 2027 and the videos will keep going. But I don't think it will need 60 videos. Uh, but every video is going

to be detailed. Every video, according to my knowledge, and I feel that what I have learned after 7 years is quite

substantial, and I have also improved my teaching style significantly. So I hope that you will understand this

playlist better. It will provide more experience, and not just knowledge, it will give you wisdom and guidance on

what to focus on, what not to, how to study, and how to move forward. So it is all put together by me for you, for

you as an audience, as a beginner who is looking for a way, looking for a path, and I am putting it all on

YouTube. So please, if you can share it , then share it, and support as much as possible because it takes effort to

make this. A lot of time goes into structuring, creating the syllabus, and deciding the content, and what I have

done in this entire playlist, you will understand what I have done and how I am going to teach you. So it is very

unconventional. Perhaps no one has taught you like this until now. So gear up for this content. If you really want

to study, if you really want to gain technical knowledge, this is not a guidance video; this is not just me

talking face-to-face about a roadmap or something. These are actually the core topics that you need to study. So I am

starting from today. And this was the introduction. All the videos that follow will be on networking, and it is

necessary for you to study them. So let's build the momentum. Let's get started and let's move on to our first

chapter. Let's go. So the screen you are looking at right now is a networking studio that I built myself

to teach you. So this is a very interactive and engaging web application. And from here, I will

explain to you practically how networking concepts work. Computer networking from the very basics to the

level that will make you understand cybersecurity. So here, I have divided it chapter-wise. We will start from the

very basics. Starting from the foundations, and after that, the entire OSI model, the architecture on which

networking works, all layers, all protocols, all payloads, and how addressing happens at layer three, how

addressing happens at the transport layer, port numbers, IP addresses, application layer protocols, encryption

, proxies, HTTP, web technologies, and also its significance in the cyber industry. So, I will show you all these

things not just conceptually, but also visually and practically. So, this is a very unique way, and I want you to

share this video. I will say it again and again because this is completely free for everyone. So let's start with

the first video, and I have created a separate module for it. And also, I am planning to distribute this networking

studio with you guys. But I need to know how interested you are in taking it and studying it yourself. So let me

know if you want this networking studio . And if you like it, because this is the first pilot. So, how is it? Just

let me know because we are starting here first, and in this, I will first tell you that you will build knowledge

from what you are already familiar with . So, for example, in everyone's home, there is a very basic definition of a

network. What is a network? Basically. So, all of you must have Wi-Fi at home. Right? Even if you don't have Wi-Fi,

you are using a cellular network. Your cellular network, like Jio's 4G or 5G, or even 6G which is coming soon, though

it hasn't arrived yet. But if you are sitting at home, nowadays everyone has Wi-Fi in their house. Wi-Fi means

Wireless Fidelity, a wireless network basically. But who is giving you that Wi-Fi connection? There is a box

installed in your house. When you installed the connection, a technician must have installed a box. That

technician brought a connection from outside via a wire, put that wire into the box in your house, and placed the

box in the middle of your home. Now, what is happening is that the box has a name, which determines what your

network's name should be. It asks you, and then you provide a name, and a network with that name is created. Then

, that network has a default password. You enter it into your mobile for a Wi-Fi connection. You see your name on

the Wi-Fi networks list, enter your password, and your mobile connects. Then what happens? The internet starts

working on your device. This is normal in our homes. When Wi-Fi is installed, this term "Wi-Fi" is very simplified

and is a type of term that normal end-consumers understand or use. When we want to study it, if we want to go

deep into networking, we shouldn't focus on Wi-Fi. We need to focus on wired connections and the entire

backbone to see where this connection is actually coming from. So, when I talk about it—for instance, here I am

at the introduction—you can see a diagram. Right? You can see a Wi-Fi box in the middle. This is your Wi-Fi box.

So, this is the router that connects your devices. Now, router, hub, bridge, switch—these are all different terms

that we will study later. But in the first video, this Wi-Fi box is a very simplified version of a gateway that

connects all devices. It's not necessary that you only have one phone at home. You might have two or three

phones. You have a laptop. There is a printer installed in your house. A PC, a smart TV, which are common in homes

nowadays. So, everyone is connecting to a single network. Your same SSID— another technical term—and its

password, you enter that in every device, and it will connect. To the same access point, the same router,

which is that Wi-Fi box. But now, another concept comes in: the Ethernet cable. So, like your router, you might

have noticed many times that if you want fast internet or low latency, need to work very quickly, and want

absolutely no delay, sometimes Wi-Fi signals drop or delays occur. Speeds are lower on Wi-Fi. But when you use a

wired connection, and connect a wire— an Ethernet wire—between this router and your PC, I will put it on the

screen if you don't understand. That Ethernet wire connects both devices directly, so you don't need to enter a

password. Two devices are connected, meaning your PC will get internet access automatically. Okay, it is an

internet connection, and it is fast because it is wired, obviously. For example, I cannot connect my phone to

an Ethernet wire because there is no such port on my phone. So, I will connect my phone via Wi-Fi. Your tablet

is the same way. It will also connect via Wi-Fi. Your laptop might have Ethernet if it is a Windows laptop, but

Macs don't have it. But if it is a Mac, it will connect via Wi-Fi. Smart TVs also provide an internet port. But many

times they are too far from the router. They are in different rooms, so they are also connected via Wi-Fi. Common

things that are wired are your PC. Your printer and the gamers who need very low delay. If you need very fast

real-time communication, streaming, or high-speed gaming, or playing online games, they connect via wire. They know

that wired provides the best performance. So, you might think this Ethernet cable is only for the internet

. That is not the case. The internet cable, the concept of the internet itself is different. When we talk about

Ethernet. Ethernet basically connects two devices. Try doing one thing, if you haven't, if you have an Ethernet

cable, the small one that your service provider gives you, take that Ethernet cable and two laptops—or bring a

friend's laptop—and connect the two laptops with that cable. And then you will see that a separate network drive

will appear on both laptops. On each laptop, the other connected laptop's drive will be listed, and if you click

on it, you can see all the files, or you can send files from your laptop to the other laptop using that wired

connection. So it is simply a connection. It means it is a link between two devices. An Ethernet cable

does not give you internet. Your internet provider gives you internet. And where does that internet come from?

That is a very big concept. We will learn in the next video how devices connect in the network. But for now, a

simple example of a network is if you connect any two isolated devices together and communication happens

between them, that is basically a network, as simple as that, and here is my Wi-Fi. I am connecting the Wi-Fi box

to my phone, tablet, smartphone, and laptop; that is a network. Okay? Your Wi-Fi is a network. Ethernet is a

network. If you have internet, that is not called a network. A network exists even without the internet. If the

internet ever goes down, if your Wi-Fi is not running the internet. Even if the internet is down, you can still

send files between your two devices. Even without the internet; the internet is simply that you can communicate with

the outside world. You are able to open Google on your PC, google.com, you are able to open ChatGPT. You are able to

open the cloud, you are able to watch YouTube. The video that is playing right now, you can see it, right? Why

are you able to see it? Because you have the internet. And it is connected outside your router. Where is this

video stored? It is stored on Google's server. Google's server must be somewhere in the US, in some data

center. It is not on your router. It is not on your mobile. It is not in your PC. This data is Google's. It is stored

on Google's system. So the data is being fetched from there and coming to you. So it is coming through the

internet. Okay? So there are a lot of concepts here, man. I will explain them to you slowly. But for the first video,

we should keep it very simple. Now, why did I take this diagram? The change is this. Everything is connected.

Everything here is connected. My phone, which is primarily highlighted, everything is connected. Meaning my

Wi-Fi is connected to the internet and that internet is allowing me to open websites that are outside my home,

which I do not control. Okay? Now, the laptop, well these things are being highlighted. That is not needed. But

now let's move to the second option. Internet cable unplugged. If I remove the internet cable, and which cable is

this? The one that comes from outside, comes into your house, and plugs into your router; if that cable gets

disconnected, that cable is mostly the broadband cable. In broadband, you can call it a fiber cable. If you have

broadband installed in your home. Mostly all new connections are fiber-based. That will be the broadband

in your home. So that fiber cable is the cable that is the backbone of the entire internet. You perhaps don't know

where that fiber cable is coming from and where it is installed. Google's server is in the US and you need that

data at your home, so how does it arrive? You first send a request from your system and it goes to Google. It

is traveling through the internet. Because the internet's backbone is entirely wired. There cannot be a Wi-Fi

connection from your mobile here to Google's server. Right? Wi-Fi is for very short range. Most of the backbone

is wired. It is made of fiber cables. It is spread across the entire world. Cables are going through all the

continents and that is how it works. Right? Now, if this entire backbone has any one link that connects towards

Google go down. Let's assume, then you won't get internet. Because this backbone itself has shut down. Your

Wi-Fi box is distributing the internet, but if it isn't receiving internet itself, then how will it provide it to

you? So, internet won't work on any device. Neither on a phone, nor a tablet, nor a laptop, nowhere. So if it

gets unplugged, it won't work. What happens if Wi-Fi is turned off? Look, the internet I mentioned is coming

through a cable. Right? The internet will keep coming. As long as that backbone is running. As long as data is

coming to the backbone. As long as the ISP allows it, that data will keep reaching you. It is not in your control

whether the internet is arriving or not . It is up to the ISP that provided you the connection. But the Wi-Fi box

installed creates a separate network through which you can connect wirelessly. Wi-Fi is a wireless network

. Your Ethernet does not provide a wireless connection. Your fiber cable does not provide a wireless connection.

Your wireless connection is provided by your Wi-Fi box. So the network it creates is what we call Wi-Fi. If the

Wi-Fi radio is off, meaning if the Wi-Fi antenna is off and not working. If I turned that off, you won't even

get a network on your phone. Even if the internet is on, if it's not picking up a Wi-Fi signal, your phone won't

connect to Wi-Fi and you won't be able to use the internet. Think of it like someone bringing goods to your house

from outside; that’s your fiber cable . The goods are arriving at your house from outside, but you don't have the

connection inside your home to receive them. Like, you want to cook food. The raw materials have arrived from outside

. But you are unable to cook the food. Because you don't have a gas stove. So, if there's no gas, you won't get any

food. You won't be able to eat, right? Even though you have the raw materials. You won't be able to eat the food. So,

this is the situation where you have internet and data is coming in, but there’s no network to distribute it.

You can access that data if you use Ethernet, because it provides a direct connection. If the Wi-Fi radio is down,

it won't be possible. Now, there is also guest phone isolation, which is basically a policy where you can

restrict a device's access to the internet. Meaning, you can control your Wi-Fi box. It is under your control. So

, you can go to its admin panel and define what a new device can access on the internet once it connects to your

Wi-Fi. You can use it as a firewall to decide which sites it can visit. What it can't do, or any extra tasks like

whitelisting or blacklisting a website. You can restrict anything for it. So, this is a policy. You configure this by

going to the admin panel. This is more of a subsequent concept that we can study later. But, this is also a method

. So, basically, this is an illustration of how a network is established. And we will go into detail

on this. I cannot cover everything in this first video. I am just trying to create a familiarity with what you know

and what you should know about what a network is. So, this is your everyday network. Your phone runs on Wi-Fi. That

Wi-Fi is provided to you by the router. And where did that router get the internet from? It came from the

backbone broadband connection. Which the ISP has brought to your home. There are different tiers of ISPs as well.

Tier 3, tier 2, tier 1; companies like Airtel or Jio are tier 1 ISPs. After that, there are local ISPs around your

home. These local ISPs are the ones that take bandwidth from tier 1. And then they provide it to you. So this

connection means, as I told you, if you are connected to Wi-Fi, it doesn't mean the internet is working. The internet

is a different thing. Wi-Fi is a different thing. So if you want to use Wi-Fi, you can communicate locally

amongst yourselves. Meaning you can host a file server within your own home . You have an SSD. Right? You connected

the SSD to your laptop or PC and created a network on it. So your home's Wi-Fi is connected to that. So you can

access any other device on your local network at home. As long as that router is working. You don't need the internet

for that. The internet is only needed to go outside. If any packet needs to go outside your router. If you need to

access external data like YouTube, Google, everything, you need the internet for that. If you have files

locally on your PC, but you want to access them from your mobile, you can do it via Wi-Fi. That is the concept.

So I have some small questions that you can answer now. To see if you have understood the concept that I have

explained so far. So the first one is, your laptop prints over Wi-Fi while the internet connection is down. Is this

still networking? I told you, you have to guess whether it is or not. So tell me the answer. Actually, I'll tell you:

yes, the laptop and printer are exchanging data locally. So you have your own network that you are

controlling; the router you installed, you paid for it, so it comes under your administration. And then there's

another one: a phone has a strong Wi-Fi signal but a website will not open. What does the signal prove? The website

isn't opening; the website is not on my local network, I didn't create it, someone else did, and it is stored in a

data center somewhere far away. But your phone's Wi-Fi signal is full. So what this means is that the signal,

your phone's radio connection to the nearby access point, is strong, or that the website has accepted the login, or

the website is reachable. Both of these are obviously not the options. It must be B, because the Wi-Fi signal you are

getting locally will definitely be strong since you are very close. But there are many things involved in

opening a website that we will study later. DNS, routing, internet connection; there are issues at every

single layer. At every layer, whether it's the full seven layers or five layers. There could be a problem

anywhere. So this is what you should learn. Now, more things come into this. Like, what is a network? Like when you

connect two devices, right? That is also a network. Just two devices. Like I said, connect two laptops using

Ethernet. Both of them have become part of a network. Now both can exchange data. That is a network. Okay? Some

rules have to be followed. Those are the protocols, standard protocols; the network card in your laptop, it is in

both laptops and PCs, it is on the motherboard. That is the network card. In it, some rules are defined in the

firmware that these are the standard protocols and this is how they communicate. So now they will

communicate that way automatically. You don't need to tell them anything. It will be, it has been defined for a long

time, and we know that data is information that is transferred in the form of bits. 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, the

binary on which your computer runs, data is transferred in that form, and that data can be of any type, a normal

text file, a photo, a video, media files, or any message, it can be anything. Binary files are that data,

and protocol means a set of rules, like you must have studied many protocols, right? TCP, IP, ICMP, HTTP, DNS, SSH,

these are all protocols. These define how data should travel and how it will be read. These define all the rules

that we will study later. And I have written a lot of theory here that you can read later. I have mostly explained

it. But why is a set of protocols needed? Because if I send a photo from here to someone, it depends on how the

person on the other end interprets it, whether they will understand the meaning of my photo or not. I have sent

a photo. Now, the system only accepts 0s and 1s. So, the photo must first be converted into 0s and 1s. Right? Now,

do I know what I have sent? Does the person on the other side know what I have sent? The person on the other side

is only receiving 0s and 1s, right? So, if they want to find out what the original data was from the 0s and 1s,

they have to convert the 0s and 1s back into the image I sent and ensure that what I sent is exactly what they

received. So, who will govern that? Who will create all these things, all these protocols, and these rules that not

only send the data but also send the format in which it is going, how it will be decoded, and how it was encoded

? What rules were used? What was the configuration? Which file extension was it? All this must go along with it.

This is the rule. That is why, if two devices need to communicate, they must speak the same language. And the rules

for that same language are defined by these protocols. If I am speaking to you in Hindi. If you understand Hindi,

then Hindi is a language, right? So, it is a set of rules on how I should speak . I know it. Only then can you

understand it. I am speaking Hindi. You also know it. You are able to understand. If you don't know Kannada

and I am speaking in Kannada, then you won't understand. So, that would not be a common rule. So, if two devices need

to exchange data, they must agree on a common language. And those are your protocols. And the most obvious

question is, what is the relevance of networking in cybersecurity? Now, every field has a different relevance. But

the most basic, most simple relevance is that you cannot hack something you cannot access or reach. So, if you

didn't have a network, would you be sitting on your system hacking yourself ? So, how does any external attacker,

adversary, or hacker hack a big company ? Or how do data breaches happen? Or how does a cyber attack occur? No

hacker walks into the Google office, scans an ID card, enters their physical data center, and plugs something in via

USB; attacks happen remotely. Even when they have physical access. I also have physical access to my mobile. I also

have physical access to my PC. Even then, I connect my mobile to my PC, or plug an OTG into my mobile, or a USB

into my PC. Right? I have to plug something in. Two devices must be connected in order to exchange code.

Even if they are bringing malicious code, they have to connect it to the PC via USB, pen drive, or hard disk. So

that is also a connection. That is also a network. So, if you are not physically present somewhere—which

obviously means just anyone can't get into a Google data center—If you even want to hack someone, you have to sit

at your home, a cyber cafe, or your own premises and hack the target device from your authorized location.

Attackers do the same thing. They can sit anywhere in the world and access any data center. They can open websites

. They can run software. So, if a website is opening, it means they have network access. So the simple concept

is that if you want to study cybersecurity, it fundamentally involves more than one device. Doing

cybersecurity on a single device is very trivial. So, there is a set of devices. There is a set of, you know,

authorities. There are organizations that have many departments. All departments have separate networks.

Different things are running within them. There are many in-house websites and software. They are communicating

with each other and are also accessing the internet. So, cybersecurity cannot exist without a network. It’s like

the blood of cybersecurity. If you cannot connect to that machine, how will you hack it? And how will you

secure it? Security also doesn't happen by going there physically. It is also done remotely by defining rules through

devices and software. So that is why we learn networking, and even if you don't learn programming—I personally feel

learning programming is important—but it's not required in many fields. Like in fields such as SOC, you can start

studying even without programming because understanding syntax isn't essential for that. It's not necessary

to understand the concepts for that because you will often use software and create rules, for which you will have

to learn a separate query language; there's no need to study Python, etc. So, if you know those basics, the work

gets done. But networking is such that if your concepts, your core concepts, are not clear, you won't be able to

build on top of them. The entire web security, network security, AD, or malware research—whatever things

exist on the offensive side—it is most important to study networks because that is how attacks happen. All

are network-based. All are web-based. That is why it is even more important. If you don't study programming, it will

still be fine. If you don't study Linux , it will still be fine. But you cannot study without networking. So this is

very important. And in this entire series, whoever is watching this seriously, I want you to make your own

notes for the entire series. Even if you don't have this networking study material, please make notes. If you do

have it, still make them, because your own notes are what will be useful to you. And I am hoping that whoever has

started watching from this video will watch the entire playlist throughout and follow it sincerely. Will sincerely

make notes, practice as I am telling, and I will also show labs, set up local offline setups to analyze packets, how

to read headers, and I will also show how to identify attacks. So, all of that is going to happen here. So stay

tuned, and all the knowledge of the basics is going to be cleared up. So before moving forward, memorize this

learning path. Like, get a high-level idea in your mind that all these chapters have different purposes. First

, you need to build a whole map of what a network is. What does it take? All the basic terms should be defined first

. What are networks? There are different layers. OSI model, devices, types of networks, and all those things

. That will build your map. And then, the data you are sending, how does it go? How does it find its destination?

We will talk about addressing in chapters 7 to 11—MAC, IP, subnetting, routes, how routing happens, and how

data travels. Make a connection, so how is the connection made at the endpoint? Meaning, ultimately, how will I know

which service I need to access on the other device? How will its addressing work? Because these MAC, IP, and ports

are all different. Each one has a different significance. Okay? So, in chapters 12 to 15, we will study ports.

We will study TCP, UDP, and Layer 4. Then fourth is speaking the protocols, 16 to 20. This will cover the

application layer. DNS, HTTP, mail, access, and all that. Finally, we will move on to some practicals. We will

perform some concepts after learning them. Like basic packet analysis in Wireshark, creating policies, making

tunnels, and how Wireshark works. And then, I have defined these chapters. These are all the chapters you can

pause and look at. And if you want to create a syllabus map in your notes, do it, because this is what we will learn.

And accordingly, we will study chapter by chapter. Okay? So, everything you need to learn is visualized in this

studio, and the practicals are here too . So, we will use this. And if we go back to our lesson, yeah, this is the

one. So, this is the same thing I explained earlier. The diagram is the same. What makes devices a network.

After this, we understand the device. So, what is a device? It is something that can receive and send data.

Obviously, the connection, or a link, can be a cable or radio. Wi-Fi runs on radio. It runs on radio waves. It has

different, distinct frequencies. There are different channels that we will talk about later when discussing

wireless. And the cable is your Ethernet cable. Its connection port is RJ45. Right? You must have seen that

it's a clip-type, made of transparent glass fiber. And you press it to insert it inside. And the other side is the

same, and there are agreed-upon rules, protocols. I have two more questions. A laptop uses Ethernet and Wi-Fi at the

same time. You have a laptop that can run Ethernet and Wi-Fi at the same time . You must have noticed many times that

they run together sometimes. If the internet goes down, Wi-Fi kicks in. If Wi-Fi goes down, the internet kicks in.

So they keep falling back. But does that mean they have different network interfaces? Is that even possible? So,

if there is only one network interface, how will the addressing work? That cannot happen because the addressing

for Wi-Fi and Ethernet is different. So that is why the interfaces for both are different. A single device can have

different interfaces. I did not say that both have different network cards. The interfaces are different. A single

network card supports different things. Wi-Fi, Ethernet; your Wi-Fi network firmware is different. Your Ethernet

firmware is different. So both of them are fundamentally different. That is why they can run simultaneously. It is

not necessary to have multiple Ethernet connections. It is very, very rare to have multiple Ethernet connections.

There is usually only one. You also have only one Wi-Fi, which is inbuilt into the motherboard. Sometimes that is

not even there. The new motherboards, the good ones like B450, 550, 650, etc. , have Wi-Fi. And its motherboard has

those antennas and the Wi-Fi interface. But you can take a separate external adapter, like the small TP-Link ones—

I don't remember the model number, but you can enable Wi-Fi with that too. They are plug-and-play, so you can run

multiple Wi-Fi connections on it as well. Another question: a guest phone can open websites but cannot reach the

home printer; is that necessarily a fault? If a guest phone on your network can open websites but cannot access the

printer, then as I mentioned, there are guest isolation policies, so an admin must have created an access rule that

allows opening websites but prevents access to any printer on the local network for security reasons. Meaning,

I do not want to give any guest access to the printer. I do not want to let them run that job. Okay? So, there are

a few more terms here. End point, interface, link—I don't want to cover everything in one video. But just for

this video, I will say that an end point is basically where a data packet stops. Meaning that is the end of a

particular exchange. Your mobile device is an end point. Your PC, your laptop, your printer is an end point. Meaning

they are basically not network-enabled. They are network consumers. They are consuming data. They are not

transferring data. Basically, their primary job is to consume. Your router, your switch, those hubs are not end

points. Okay? They don't consume, they basically transfer. So they are gateways. They are networking devices.

And if I talk about the interface, the firmware installed in the device for the network allows it to connect. So,

there is separate hardware for that. You can call that a network card. So, interfaces are enabled in it. So, any

connection point of the device, like Wi-Fi or Ethernet, is enabled by its firmware. Then there is one more thing,

the link. It is the cable or the radio signal through which data is transferred; that is the link. Now,

everything after this is about how a network works. Meaning, how does the internet reach your home? The entire

history of the internet, its overall background, or how different types of networks exist geographically. What are

topologies? How does a website open? How does DNS work? Those things go a bit deeper. So, I will cover those in

the next video. It is still the foundation. I will be discussing it at the foundation level. The entire

flowchart and the flow will be at a high level. But we will go deep into all the protocols individually in the

subsequent lessons. So, I hope you understood today's video. A momentum must have been built, an interest in

how networking works. How it starts, what significance it has. And I am starting this new series so that I can

teach you with new knowledge and new experience; maybe some things I taught back then are not relevant today, or

there are new things added, and some of my experiences that I will show you myself. Working in the industry for the

past 5.5 or 6 years. So, I will say it again, please share this. Show as much support as you can by sharing it. I

want views on this because this is a very big playlist, and the more views, response, and engagement I get, the

more motivated I will be to keep making it, and I will stay just as energetic, okay? In the videos, so I hope you will

get some value. We will go deeper in the next videos and study this very thoroughly. We will study networking in

great detail so that your entire cyber fundamental becomes clear. So, that's it for this video. Wait for the next

video, and just keep watching, keep learning, and goodbye.