Big Bang Theory: How All Elements Were Created From the Beginning

hello everyone and welcome back my name is mr covald and in this video we're going to be going over the big bang

theory and where are the elements have come from where did all these elements come from well it starts

from the beginning but before we get into this remember to like my videos share my videos

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be notified by other videos i put out so let's get into this

all right so the question is where did the elements come from

well it came from the big bang the big bang theory has uh multiple phases uh depending on uh

what phases or how it's divided up okay so the first phase of the big bang occurs

uh basically uh one second so about a second after the actual bang

you have a boiling soup with electrons and here quarks and other elementary particles

as well and the space cools off very rapidly and quarks

then come to form protons and neutrons so this would be the first phase

second phase uh that would be where the universe becomes a super hot fog

so in this phase heated protons electrons uh these are going to hinder the emission of light so light's not

really going to escape or pass through this light elements this is where the lighter

elements are created so this would be like deuterium deuterium is hydrogen with a neutron so it's a double the mass

of your normal hydrogen atom and then you have lithium helium so that these are the three lightest elements on the

periodic table and you could see that the two first two uh phases correspond to the the picture

over here so uh the first phase this is about one second you can see the temperature is

like 10 to the 27 or something like that very very hot and um and then three minutes later

three minutes after the big bang uh you've got the second phase this is where the lighter elements are are uh

created and the temperature is somewhat cooler the third phase this is where your

protons electrons and neutrons will finally combine to form atoms so primarily hydrogen and helium atoms this

is the third phase here this is 300 000 years after the big bang and the universe has cooled to about

10 000 degrees celsius and then the fourth phase this is where

you get galaxy formation hydrogen and helium atoms are now going to form giant clouds and these giant clouds are going

to become galaxies and stars so here we are out here this is about a billion years

after the big bang and this is now the universe is about minus 200

degrees celsius and then the final phase the fifth phase uh dying the first dying stars they die

they go supernova they're going to form the heavier elements which is going to turn into new stars and planets our sun

is about 4.6 billion years old the solar system is 4.5

billion years old and the milky way is about 13.2 billion years old okay so that's the uh five phases if we

go to this next uh picture here we see seven

kind of phases here so again um you could see here in the first phase at uh time

10 to the negative 43 seconds after the big bang and this is where the cosmos goes

through again a super fast inflation expanding from the size of an atom to the size of a grapefruit in just

10 to the negative 43 seconds so really quickly and then you have the inflation

right so this is uh the next stage according to this picture uh this is where the universe is a seething hot

soup of electrons and again this is where quarks and other particles are produced as well

this is at 10 to the negative three seconds and so the temperature of the universe is 10

to the 27 degrees celsius third stage is the rapidly cooling stage so you rapidly cool the cosmos and

this permits quarks to clump into protons and neutrons so you get proton to neutron formation here

and then the fourth stage this is again three minutes after you still have a hot

mess here so it's it's too hot to form atoms at this at this point

because it's 10 to the 8 degrees celsius it's too hot but charged electrons and protons uh are going to prevent light

from shining so we saw that earlier so this is a super hot fog so light isn't really going to

escape through here so this is like three minutes after the big bang

and here we have uh after 300 000 years the universe has cooled down to 10 000. this

is where now the electrons combine with protons and neutrons to form atoms so this is going to be mostly the lighter

atoms hydrogen helium those atoms

okay and here light can finally shine so after 300 000 years you'll you'll be able to see light shining

one billion years after the big bang now the universe is negative 200 degrees celsius and gravity makes hydrogen and

helium gas coalesce or combined together to form giant clouds and again these classes are

going to become the galaxies and other stars the first stars and then finally 15 billion years after

the big bang galaxies cluster together under gravity again gravity is pulling things together

uh the first stars are going to die they're going to spew out the heavier elements into space and then these are

going to be eventually the planets until you get to present day and again here's a another uh

picture of what's going on so again you have big bang

and then this was 13.7 billion years ago and then 370 000 years after that we get hydrogen

and and other molecular molecules and then star is going to be up here

this is going to be 100 million years later so stars up here and then you start to get nuclear fusion atoms are

going to be coming together so in blue and yellow stars this is where

hydrogen helium come together so hydrogen's going to form helium

so you're going to making heavier elements in your red and

red giant stars and blue white stars you get a conversion of helium into these three larger atoms nitrogen carbon

oxygen plus in the blue white stars you also get

these other elements forming so these larger elements carbon nitrogen oxygen can

combine together through fusion to form these other larger elements

and then in supernovas supernovas you get the heavier much heavier elements forming like lead and gold and

mercury and so this is how the elements these various elements came to be according to

the big bang theory and so here's what we're looking at in the sun so different elements are being

formed at different parts of the sun so you can see on the outer side of the sun you have

more of the hydrogen fusion occurring so you have the lighter elements combining together to form

larger elements and then as you go deeper into the sun you get the fusion of other heavier elements you get helium

fusion carbon fusion oxygen neon magnesium and so on so the farther you get in the bigger the elements that are

formed and that makes sense because you have stronger gravity so the stronger gravity is pulling these heavier

elements together to create even heavier elements and so you get supernovas so

out of the fuel you get your elements

and then you get some an implosion occurs and you get supernova and you form nebulas of elements so here's an

example on the bottom of a nebula of elements and you can tell the different elements based on the color you see

and here's another picture of different nebulas so these are very i don't know if you've

seen these before these are very uh colorful pictures of nebulas and these are elements that have been formed by uh

supernovas and others other things going on and finally here is a

picture of the periodic table where it kind of lays out and colors uh the elements based on how they were formed

and where they came from so you could see that the the top elements towards the top are going to be

from big bang fusion so right at the big bang things are fusing together cosmic ray fusion so this is happening early on

so helium hydrogen and you get beryllium and boron being formed

lighter elements being formed from those first parts

first times first uh the beginning of the big bang

and then you have the more green elements those exploding massive stars so those are the heavier elements that

are forming and then you get the orange which is merging neutron stars huge stars

much heavier elements are being formed and you got obviously a mixture of of those as well so you can get elements

from exploding white dwarfs as well as exploding massive stars so

more than one event can create the same element okay so that's it for this video thanks

for joining me i hope you enjoyed this video and you learned about how elements came to be according to the big bang

theory uh if you enjoyed this video please like share subscribe to my channel hit that notification bell and

put a comment in the comment section let me know what you think and if you have any questions thanks for

joining me have a great day