Understanding Global Healthcare Models: Beveridge, Bismarck, and More

Hi guys, today we talk about health care systems and the models you know the the health care system or the models of

healthare system. How do you fend for medical care and everything? How do you access medical care in the society where

you exist on a country where you are at or where you are from? That is what we are looking at today. And not only how

they are done, but we're looking at the world existing health care systems, right? And we want to point out some

countries that practice which of them and what each of those models entails and everything. But generally we

understand that this um um according to World Health Organization WH 1948 we understand that it refers to

organizations or institutions or people or resources. I will take it again. According to WB48,

yes, it refers health system refers to organizations, institutions or people's or resources. Yes. Whose primary aim is

to promote, restore and maintain health in the society. Yes, that is when we talk about healthare systems. It is the

goal that is commonly achieved not only by individuals, not only by the government but society at large. Yes,

very important. So some we understand that some people in society can afford the health care system or healthare

services please and some people cannot. Yes. And this is why several health care systems were established.

Yes. Yes. So several of these includes uh they are donated

under you see uh the one we call uh the single payer system right we are going to review the model but I'm trying to

look at the the the um the types you see that some of the models are the one we call the singlepayer system in here only

government takes care of that. We look at the model that that gave birth to this. We'll look at it soon. Yes. And

then we'll have the multi-payer system where both the government private bodies are are having hand to do to uh provide

the health services right and then the out of pocket we look at that. So the second one is the multi-payer system.

the the we have the community based yes community based um services and number four like I said is the out of out of

pocket model right now we are going to be looking at the models of healthare system and the first model we're going

to be looking at is the beverage model the beverage model was named after s William beverage s William beverage

or beverage a renowned um British economist who in 1942 published the government report a

government report he called social insurance and allied services. Social insurance and allied services. He in

this his book he proposed that national healthcare should be provided for all individuals and should be paid through

taxation. That is by summ beverage not beverage please not beverage beverage I don't

know okay so I've made the right assumption there so

in this model the government as we see provide the healthare services whenever you're sick you can go there you you'll

be taken care of and everything uh and not only by providing this to the society

both the staffing, the employees or the doctors, the medical practitioners that render the services, they are controlled

by the government. When I say control, I mean providing the facilities, even their paycheck and everything. Yes. Some

countries that are under this beverage model include like UK, right? UK. We have uh New Zealand.

Yes. New Zealand and Finland. They practice the beverage model. Yeah. Excuse me. So another model we are

looking at today is the Bismar model. Bismar that is by um a German a German um chancellor. In fact the German of the

old Germany the German Empire we call it the the current Germany we call today. Initially

the German Empire it was named after this man Van Bismar.

Ottoan Bismar that is his name. So he was the first chancellor of that German Empire which is today known as Germany

right he was a chancellor between 1871 to 1898. Yes 1871 to 18 no 1890 and

that time Germany was faced with serious economic crisis. that the um the citizens were unable to

bear the responsibilities associated with their healthcare. He suggested in 1981 that health services should be priv

that health service should should be provided by private bodies people should contribute and all of those private

entrepreneurs and philanthropies should provide for that and everything. And before you know it the legislature

passed it. They passed the bill in 1983. Yes. And in this model we understand that

the the health services Yes. are funded and delivered by private interventions through the money individuals pay to

private insurance such as sickness fund. Yes, people can pay to sickness fund all of those NOS's and everything and

they render it. So through that health care service can render to uh uh the society people that cannot afford it and

everything. Government has a hand here but majorly the private bodies through several fund health fund today we hear

who all of those things and people can contribute and get reaching out to the persons in the society. So countries

that practice this include uh Germany as we know right we call France um

Japan etc. Yes. And um we have the one we understand as uh should I call it um in fact I'm looking at this separately

but it's almost like um the the autoban vismark model the banism model because um the national health

insurance the national health insurance model as practiced in Nigeria here the There is a combination of both the

beverage and a bismouth model. Yes. Here the government funds the the the the healthcare through the money collected

from taxation. Yes. While the delivery of these services is by private bodies.

That's why you see pharmacies owned by persons and all of those things and some of them is is being paid by the C

government hospitals, the CC private hospitals and everything and that is it and

um in Nigeria we practice that um national health insurance and in fact the mixture of all of those yes the

beverage and the bambark model. So and the one we call the uninsured model or out of pocket model. This is where the

individuals have to in fact uninsured model if you don't have money you can't receive any healthcare. Yes. Yes. So

places like low income countries where they cannot afford the the whole services health services the government

cannot afford it. This is what they they practice and you see that it's also in Nigeria and if you review completely the

national insurance model you understand that the government could pay the health service uh health care um service

renders but the medicine you may take sometimes are paid by your tax or paid out of the top uh your pocket. Yes. So,

so you see that we practice that and like I said community um health services also we practice this in Nigeria and

that is what you see as the combination of both um the beverage and beverage and um the bisma because there is a

government intervention to an extent and there is private NOS's and philanthropies and good well wishes and

or good people trying to put their also pocket also in action in in a place like Nigeria. So you see Chad Chad republic

Nigeria etc. So so that is uh what we we see in that aspect. So you will want to know that in Nigeria the national policy

was we have the federal act of health federal health act was in 1988. Yes. And then

the I think yes we call it this um the center for disease and control act we may want to check that out also then

other international policies activity of the world health organization of 1948 yes and the British medical art yes so

this is the size of the models of um health um health care and health care delivery and activities and services

right so thank you and See you um in the next video.