The Russian Revolution: From Tsar Nicholas II to the Birth of the Soviet Union

Heat. [Music] [Applause]

Heat. [Applause] [Music]

Heat. [Applause] Heat.

[Applause] [Music] Heat. Heat.

[Applause] [Music] [Applause]

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[Applause] Russia occupies 16th of the land surface of the

earth. From the Arctic snows to the hot sands of central

Asia. From Vladivasto, an oriental port on the Pacific

Ocean to St. Petersburg and Moscow. thesar's great capitals in modern [Music]

Europe. Nicholas second by the grace of God, emperor and autocrat of all the [Music]

Russians. He announced upon ascending the throne that he would preserve the principle of autocracy

firmly and [Music] immutably in her summer palace at

Leadia. The Zarina is receiving gifts from the captains of the guard on her birthday.

The royal family, the Zar, the Zarina, the Zarovich, and the four daughters, Alga, Tatiana, Maria, and

Anastasia. A large part of Thesar's official life consisted of religious ceremonies.

The heads of the Greek Orthodox Church were the Zar's chief aid in preserving the principle of autocracy. Thesar

supported the church with money and the church taught the people to worship the Zar. But the Zar was dominated by the

Zarina, a beautiful but extremely superstitious woman. The Zaryvich, heir to the throne, was

afflicted with hemophilia, a disease frequent among the royal families of Europe.

It is said that the ignorant Siberian priest and horse thief Rasputin was able to stop the boy's

blood flow by hypnotic suggestion and that this was the reason for his uncanny dominion over the

Zarina, the Zar, the royal family and hence over all Russia during the years preceding the revolution.

[Applause] The Zarovich was probably the best spoiled child in the

world. Another member of the royal family, the Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolavich,

commanderin-chief of the armies during the World War. He was 7 ft tall, handsome, and

[Music] imposing. He would have been the zar if this were a berry story.

Real Zars are not so imposing. These pictures of the private life of the court and the royal family

taken with the Zar's own camera were found in his chambers in the winter palace when it was captured by the

Bolsheviks in the October Revolution. [Music] A Russian conception of the world

theory. [Music] The Zar is challenging them to a game of

tag and they didn't take after him. one kind of fun that AAR can't have. But he can take off his royal tags

and go swimming like a regular human [Music] being. As Will Rogers told us, there is

not a bathing suit in Russia. His Majesty is on the left. [Music]

His majesty is still on the left. [Music] This is the first time the world ever

saw a king as he really is. With a small group of old generals and bureaucrats, the zar ruled an

absolute desperate over all Russia. Next to him stood the great landowning

nobility. Their estates were sometimes as big as Connecticut or Massachusetts. Their gay and picturesque

lives seem to belong to an eternal [Music] scheme. They are celebrating a wedding

in the landlord's family. [Music] member of the nobility, Prince Peter

Kropat. famous anarchist foretold the storm to come. Next to the landowning nobility

stood the bourgeoa class of merchants and capitalists. Beneath the landlords and

capitalists and remote from the zars though in a different world the vast mass of the people lived in ignorance,

toil and extreme poverty. The gulf between rich and poor was never wider than in Tsarist Russia.

[Music] Hating this inequality and the Zar's desperatism, thousands of revolutionists

had been fighting for a century to overthrow Tsarism and establish a new kind of human society. Katherine

Brashkovsky, a little grandmother of the revolution, abandoned wealth, nobility, an adoring husband and her own baby to

give her life to the struggle against Tsarism. But the Zar had many able defenders against revolution. The Cox

were loyal and [Music] fierce. The Royal Bodyguard and the

Savage Division composed of gigantic Caucasian natives could be relied on for the last drop of their blood.

Nothing seemed more secure than the Zar's despatism. And

yet these are the last pictures of the family of Nicholas Romano taken in the late autumn of

1916. 18 months later all seven of them were shot in a cellar in Yakatar in Borg. Thear had an army of 4 million

peasants. The Kaiser also had soldiers to play with. The Kaiser enjoys the war game for

the last time in 1913. 1914. The real thing.

All right. The Russian armies were soon defeated by the superior organization

and equipment of the Germans. By the end of 1916, their retreat had become a national disaster. The soldiers were

being herded into battle. Hungry, ill, clad, without enough ammunition, even without guns. Corruption, treachery,

neglect, profiteering had ruined Thesar's military organization. Two and 12 million killed,

5 million wounded. They were lying like piles of rubbish outside the hospitals, too crowded to contain them. wounded and

dying and with no clothes on their backs. Two and a half million dead and no time to bury

them. The bodies of the peasants who had tilled the Russian soil for the Zar and the landlords were dumped out like

manure in the frozen field. [Applause] The Zar removed the Grand Duke Nikolai

Nikolia and assumed the title of commander in chief. He arrives at the front

accompanied by the chief of staff Yanoske and the deposed Grand Duke. General Alex Dev delivers a

report. [Music] The Zar's military experience consisted

of praying with the army for victory and sprinkling the soldiers with holy water to make them fight better.

The soldiers did not want parades and ceremonies, but generalship, food, ammunition,

clothing. At home, too, the people were starving. Old men, women, and cripples were tilling the

fields. Women were standing all day in bread [Music]

lines. In the empty markets, the crowds stood desperate. Workers abandoned the factories and held demonstrations in

defiance of the police. They began to march in groups singing revolutionary songs, carrying

banners. Peace, bread, liberty. The Zars answered. I forbid all meetings in the streets. I warned the people that the

soldiers have been instructed to use their rifles to restore order in the capital. The crowds increased, the

street meeting continued. And for the first time in history, the Zar soldiers failed

him. Instead of using their rifles to restore order, they completed the disorder by joining the people in the

streets. [Music] [Applause]

The people in revolt and the Zar's armed forces are united. The autocracy is doomed. The Duma or Parliament met in

the Torid palace. It was dissolved by order of the Zar but in great and excitement decided to

remain in the capital. The people in revolution surrounded the palace. In the left wing of the palace,

a group of revolutionists issued a leaflet summoning all factories and regiments to elect deputies to a council

or savviat of workers and soldiers. Within 12 hours, the Soviet was elected and

assembled. The next day, four regiments of the Gareth mutinated marched to the Torid Palace to defend the

revolution. The welcome at the palace. [Music] Rodenko, president of the Duma,

telegraph thesar. Anarchy in the capital. Someone trusted by the people

must be appointed to form a new government. The zar to his minister of the court, Frederick. That silly ass

Roseno has sent me some more nonsense which I won't even bother to answer. At the command of the

Soviets, detachments of soldiers went out to arrest the Zar's ministers. [Music]

Other detachments enjoyed a glass of tea in the Tories palace. Schlisslelberg prison, the old rotting place of the

heroes of the revolution was burnt to the ground. [Music]

Millions of civil records and deeds were destroyed. Tsarist emblems were torn down everywhere all over

[Music] Russia. While the red flag was flying over the capital, the Zar telegraphed

the Zarina, "Wonderful weather. Hope you are well and calm. Many troops sent from the front with kind love,

Nikki. The many troops obeyed their officers until they reached Petrorad and there joined the people in the streets.

[Music] soldiers no longer but armed peasants demanding the rights of

citizens. You see here in the main thoroughare of Petrorad the moving body of the power that overthrew the Tsarist

autocracy and initiated those events which have altered the whole course of modern history. Rights of citizens is

the slogan inscribed upon their banner. Two loyal members of the Duma went to the front to demand that the Thesar

abdicate in favor of his feeble son. Schulen of the old aristocracy and Guchkoff, a representative of big

business, the Zar's abdication. As we do not wish to be separated from our dear son, we transmit

the throne to our dear brother, the Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich. May the Lord God help Russia. But the Grand

Duke Michael had seen the streets of Petror. He abdicated the next morning without waiting for a

stenographer. The Zar's immediate successor was the people of Russia who ceased all business and lived in the

streets as on a perpetual holiday. There was no government. Joy was the sovereign of all

Russia. They opened the jails and liberated the [Music]

prisoners. Watch for the little Zulick with white side whiskers. He is coming back and he wanted you to see him.

[Music] The banner reads, "No more criminals." To make it absolutely sure,

the officer of the Soviet gives them a lecture on the principles of democracy. [Music]

And the news of the revolution arrives among the soldiers in the [Music]

trenches. The funeral of the martyrs of the February revolution was not a funeral but a gigantic triumphal march

of the people. In this momentous upheaval which overthrew it desperatism and

democratized the government of an empire, only a few hundred men and women lost their

[Music] lives. Over a million people from early morning

to dark marched past the one big grave on Mars field. The banners read, "From darkness

to light, eternal memory to the heroes fallen for liberty. Long live the Democratic

Republic. "Nothing comparable to these crowds was ever before seen in Europe," said Buchanan, the British ambassador.

Troops of happy exiles were returning from Siberia. Vera Zatulich, who shot the

Zar's chief of police trap off in 1878, attends the funeral. Vera Fner, another world famous

revolutionary assassin, attends the funeral. The Duma was there. Rosenko and Guchov

in their midst. Another individual prominent in the Duma, Paul Milukov, professor of

history. The Soviet of workers and soldiers deputies attended the funeral in a body. Kovalev, a Menchevik or

moderist socialist, a figure in the Soviet. Teratelli, the Menchevik leader of the Savvia.

A red militia was organized. Officers returned to their regiments and made speeches about

liberty and democracy. The speaker is Porischevich, head of the Tsarist Blackund, one of the

slayers of Rasputin. Everybody who has an ideal inscribes it on a banner. hires a brass

band and demands that it be realized by the new government being born in the Torid

[Music] Palace. But the government born in the Torid Palace turns out to be

twins. In the rightwing, a group of Duma members led by Paul Milikov declared themselves a provisional government. In

the left wing, the Soviet under the presidency of the socialist Chied elects an executive committee which actually

directs the [Music] revolution. The prime minister of the

provisional government was the genial prince Lav who above all things hated excitement.

[Music] The foreign minister and real boss of the government was Paul Milukov,

historian. The chairman of the Soviet was also a kindly figurehead, the old eagle

chedi. Sometimes they called him little papa chedi. The real boss of the Soviet was the Menchevik socialist

Seratelli. his close supporter of Kient. Commonf Amile Bolshevik also supported him for a while and Shrider the new

mayor of Petrorad a group of the leaders of the February

revolution. The pro provisional government of landlords and capitalists wanted to restore order, defend private

property, and win the war. The soldiers and workers in the Soviet wanted to stop the war, confiscate the

landlord's estate, and have bread, peace, and liberty. A government demonstration, war

to complete victory, a Soviet demonstration, land and liberty. Long live the international. One man thought

he could solve the problem by joining both governments. Alexander Kerinski, vice president of the Soviet

and minister of justice in Milukov's cabinet. The famous old revolutionist Pleconov returning from exile in

Switzerland supported Keranski. Leanup was the translator of Karl Marx, the founder of Russian

socialism. Another old revolutionist Bv supported Keransky. Victor Chernov leader of a million peasants supported

[Music] Keranski. Keransky became an idol of the masses. Ladies of leisure pelted him

with flowers. Kinsky arrives at a meeting of the Savviat with a bouquet.

[Music] His portraits were carried like sacred images in the streets forward with our

leader Kinsky. He soon combined the liberals with the heads of the Soviet in a coalition government and called

himself Minister President Kerinski. But he could not combine land and liberty with war to complete victory. And he

chose war to complete victory. The landlords and capitalists applauded. The heads of the Soviet

consented, but the revolutionary workers and soldiers flocked to a new and more

powerful leader. Lenon Keransky is a tool of the

landlords and capitalists. Stop the war. Confiscate the land. Russia belongs to the workers and peasants. All power to

the [Music] [Applause]

saviet. Lenin's program of proletarian revolution against the Kinsky government was expounded to the masses on the

socialist holiday May 1st 1917 by the best orators of the Bolevik party. The first Mayday ever celebrated by

socialists with power. Communist is expounding as yet without extreme conviction Lenin's demands for a

second [Music] revolution. But at that very moment,

another great revolutionist was arriving from a small upstairs apartment in the Bronx, New York City. Leon

Trosky Kinski is a tool of the landlords and capitalists. Stop the war. Confiscate the

land. Russia belongs to the workers and peasants. All power to the Soviet. Against these odds, Kerinsky was

trying to restore the morale of the army. Officers are learning to cheer the new

standard for liberty and fatherland. Manufacturing morale. On June 18th, Kerinsky ordered

the army to renew the war against Germany. The woman's battalion was enthusiastic. Mrs. Pankers British

suffragette touring Russia to promote the war spirit was doubly enthusiastic. But the workers protested

with riots in the streets. Battalions of workers armed and drilled by the Bolsheviks threatened the

government like an army. [Music] Terinsky arrested and disarmed the

workers guard, jailed Trosky, and declared Lenon, who went into hiding, a state criminal, to be arrested on site.

The Zarist generals availed themselves of the opportunity to prepare a counterrevolution. Their candidate for

military dictator was the young general Cornela. His colleague was the Kasak General Khaledin, gloomy and austere

patriot who shot himself 6 months later. He is discussing the plan with Rosenko, president of the Duma. The Soviet

mobilized its orators and rearmed the workers guard, prepared both to argue and fight. Again, the many troops from

the front marched on the capital, and again when they got there, they joined the masses. Herinsky was implicated in

the plot by the revolutionary adventurer Boris Sabcock, his contact man with Cornelo. The crowds that adored him

before are now held back by soldiers and mounted police. Juggling with revolutionary

power, he had completely ignored the fundamental demand of the masses. Peace, bread, land.

[Music] Agitation for land, bread, peace, and a Soviet government is ripe in the

army. In the navy, the Bolsheviks are gaining still faster, for sailors are always more quick to revolt than

soldiers. The Kronstat sailors were the shock troops of the Bolevik revolution. Dubenko, the Bolshevik sailor, president

of the Soviet of the Baltic fleet. In the country, Lenin's agitators are advising the peasants to form Soviets

and seize the estates of the landlords, and they are taking the advice. Released from prison in

September at the demand of the workers and soldiers, Trosky is elected president of the Soviet. Trosky to the

Soviet in early October, the Bourgeoa press accuses me of signing an order on the Cest Factory for 5,000 rifles. Yes,

I signed it. And the Soviet will continue to organize and arm the workers guard. The city is plastered with

revolutionary and counterrevolutionary placards, heralding the vote for the constituent

assembly. Lenon, distrustful of parliamentary elections, is demanding an insurrection.

Keranski, afraid to move against the Soviets, assembles the military students and the women's battalion to defend the

Winter Palace. Maln Institute, the new home of the Soviets, bristles with arms and

engines of war. [Music] Only cadets and the and the women's

battalion came to the aid of [Music] Peransky. Lacking artillery, they

barricaded the palace with firewood. [Music] All Petrorad knows that Lenin has set

the date for an insurrection and that Trosky is organizing an insurrection and moreover they know the date. Petrorad is

quiet because it is waiting for the riots to begin but there were no riots. The government buildings were quietly

occupied by disciplined detachments of armed soldiers and sailors. The Winter Palace was captured with little fighting

on the night of November 7th, 1917. And the next morning, a message was broadcast to all waring governments,

inviting them to discuss terms of peace and the command issued to the army on all fronts. Fraternize with the

enemy. This is the beginning of the end of the world war. On the same morning, provisions were

distributed to the people and a decree was adopted abolishing without indemnity and forever the landlord's property in

the Russian [Music] land. Lenin declared that the salaries

of all servants of the state must be reduced to the level of a working man's wages.

And it was easy to find a prime minister willing to serve on these terms. Also a commasar for foreign

affairs. Ensign Krillyko became commander and chief of the army. As business manager of the new government,

Lenin recruited his old friend Von Briovic, known up to that time as an authority on the history of religion.

[Music] On the same terms, a self-educated peasant Mi Khalinan became president of

the workers republic. His principal task is to receive petitions from the workers and

peasants and symbolize the change which has occurred. [Music]

The first task of the new government was to negotiate a formal peace with Germany.

[Music] Soviet peace delegation headed by Adolf Yafi arrives at

breasttop Yafi [Music]

Kakhan Carl [Music] Radic and Madame Betenko the first woman

diplomat. Prsky himself as foreign minister soon came to breasts to conduct the

negotiations. Finding the German terms intolerable and believing Germany on the verge of revolution, he declared the war

at an end but walked out, refusing to sign the peace. The only walk out of its kind in

history. Immense anti-war demonstrations in Germany followed as Trosky had hoped. But the demonstrators were shot

[Music] down. The Kaiser was still firmly in power.

[Music] Guided by his generals Hindenburg and Ludenbar, he renewed the advance against

Russia. A majority of Lenin's central committee wanted to fight, but Lenin insisted on signing the peace and by

sheer force of will, personality, and cold reason compelled it. His resolution and composure could not be daunted by a

little thing like a treaty of peace. But the whole world was against the Soviets. On a pretext of supporting the

independence of the Ukraine, the German soldiers marched into Kiev and clear across Russia to Roskov. On the

dawn, an old social revolutionary forming an antibbolce government at Archangel invited Great

Britain to help him. Great Britain accepted. Tchaikovski also through our ambassador

Francis invited the Americans and they [Music]

accepted. The Japanese invaded Siberia with an army of 70,000 men. the Japanese battleship Hizison in the harbor of

Vladivastto. Japan invited President Wilson to join her and Wilson agreed to send a few thousand

troops. The American battleship South Dakota in the harbor of [Music]

Vladivast France. Italy and England also sent a few thousand troops and Vladivast became an international war

camp. So great was the variety of uniforms, flags, decorations, and complexion that it seemed but for the

bloodshed almost like a comic opera. At the request of the allies, 42,000 Czechoslovak war prisoners seized the

Trans Siberian railroad and held it against the Soviets. In the south, General Denikin

was organizing a volunteer army against the Soviets. On the Vulga, Chernov and

Axientia were raising a people's army against the Soviets. In Kuban, General Borgayfki was marshalling the Kasac

against the Soviets. A year after the revolution, the Soviet government was

surrounded by 14 hostile armies operating on a front 7,000 m long.

They moved their government from Petrorad to Moscow and within the walls of the

[Music] Kremlin. They shot the Zar and all his family in the house in Yutterinborg

where they had been imprisoned. The death [Music]

chamber. The task of creating a revolutionary army was given to Leon Trosky. By persuasion or by force,

Trosky won the services of many Tsarist officers. This is General Vatetiff. The most famous was General

Brucila. Colonel SS Comm, famous only for his mustache, became commanderin-chief.

In the same month, Lenin was wounded and Uritzki shot to death by an assassin. Uritzki's

funeral, Zenovia in the center. The Red Terror followed with the Czecha and at its

head the incorruptible Gerjinski. Capitalists and landlords fled, but hundreds of thousands of workers and

peasants flock to the Red Army. The army departs for the Kazan front. Krosky arrives at the Kazan

front. The Russians love documents, but they sometimes have a difficulty in finding them.

25 days later, Trosky congratulated his troops on the capture of Kazan. Lenin recovering from the

assassin's bullet telegraph. Trosky, I greet with rapture the brilliant victory of the Red Army. The Bolevik leaders

were happy. Bkharin Krienko Sakolnikov Pakov F president of the Moscow Soviet SNSKI the feature writer of Pravda and

Christian Rakovski president of the Soviet Republic of the Ukraine. But a committee of Russian

patriots was in Paris persuading France to take the Kaiser's place. Paul Milukov Kerinsky himself without flowers now was

in Paris for the same purpose. Clemenso sent a French army into the Ukraine to help fight against

the Saviet. Meanwhile, in the little city of Msk in central Siberia, AV Kulchak, an

admiral in the Zar's Navy, had declared himself the supreme ruler of all Russia. An expert in naval affairs, he knew

little of land warfare. Admiral Kulchock is here inspecting his navy, a woodburning

gunboat on the Irish River in the middle of Siberia. He was a big and sick child. A pure idealist without personal

ambition, but weakwilled, systemless, incapable of understanding the situation, said his colleague Baron

Bbear. Kchak tried hard to be popular and democratic but with very little

success. Nevertheless, the antibbolsheik forces of the entire world pinned their hopes to the supreme ruler. The Kaks

acknowledged his supremacy. The native chiefs brought him bread, salt, and live geese in token of

their friendship. and he did not know quite what to do with

them. The people of AMS turned out generously to celebrate his ascension. The priests led them to church to pray

for Kchak's triumph against the Soviets. The allied premers Lloyd, George, Clemenso, Wilson and Orlando assembled

at Versailles to rearrange the world notified Kchak of their support against the

[Music] Soviets. Kulchak's army which is capturing Soviet soldiers by thousands.

A civil war has to be ruthless, said Kolchuk to his minister Gin. I give orders to my officers to shoot all

communist prisoners. Either we'll shoot them or they us. It was so in England in the wars of the roses. It must be so

with us. The white officers stand guard while their aids remove the shoes of the Bolevik prisoners. The red soldier

laughs at death. He is still laughing. [Music]

[Applause] The red soldier is still laughing. [Music]

The head of the local monastery comes out at the invitation of Kchak's officers to bless the troops and

bid them godspeed against the saviet. [Music] The Supreme Ruler moves his navy from

AMS 500 miles down the river to Tobas to congratulate his victorious troops. [Music]

In Moscow, starvation is fighting on Kulchak's

side. Women spend all day in the surrounding country foraging for food.

[Music] But Lenon under the walls of the Kremlin is explaining his purpose to the masses.

Trosky and his military train is flying from one front to another, exorting and exhilarating the soldiers. The Red Army

makes its stand between Kazan and the Euros. [Music]

[Applause] The Bolsheviks bury their martyrs with a tribute of

evergreen and with armored cars bearing the motto death to the enemies of the working

people. After stopping Denin in the south, the Red Army concentrated all forces to sweep Kchak's troops out of

European Russia. Kchak's troops mine bridges as they retire.

They burn whole villages where the peasants have risen against them. A Siberian village after a visit

by one of Kolchak's punitive [Music] expeditions. Kchak's troops enter a

monastery looking for treasure. They dig up the old monks, but find they have already been picked over

by the [Music] Bulvik. The Holy Father insists that

they put the monks back where they belong. [Music]

Well, Chak's troops were driven back to Coot and he was captured and shot in prison on February 7th,

1920. The church had celebrated Colchock's rise. A

school celebrates his fall. [Music] While Kchak's troops fled in the

east, the imperial flag was unfurled in the northwest by the Zarist

general Yudenic. He was a faded and passive man, said Milkov, concealing his limited mind and

stubborn will under a mask of silence. Nevertheless, he assembled in Estonia the flower of the Zar's

armies, one officer to every eight men. [Music] He was supplied with munitions and

instruments of war by Great [Music] Britain. On October 17th,

1919, Eugenich's army started for [Music] Petrorad. The red troops fled before

them and in only eight days they took Yamorg. [Music]

In 13 days they took Gachina and the Zar great palace there. [Music]

In 16 days they took Tharsau and dug in 20 miles from Petrorad. Lenon thought it might be wise

to abandon the city to Eugenic, but Trosky insisted on defending it and carried the central committee. Military

order, red soldiers, commanders, commisar, tomorrow decides the fate of Petrorad. We retreat no farther. All

measures have been taken. The victory is prepared. Forward to the attack. Death to the hierlings of foreign capital.

Long live red Petror Leon Trosky. After the first moments of panic, Trosky succeeded in filling the

red soldiers with enthusiasm, says Milukov. Trosky mobilized the entire male population of petrographs, says a

white officer. In four days, the red troops were in Sarska.

[Music] In 14 days, the Kronstat sailors entered Gachina and ate soup in the palace

[Music] heart. In 18 days, the army of Eugenic was in full flight.

Pursued by soldiers, sailors,

civilians, shot, shell, and propaganda, soldiers of the army of Eugenich. Read, listen, think. The Red

Army does not fight against workers and peasants. Come over to our side. We will receive you like brothers.

Without landlords and capitalists generals and bureaucrats, our country will live a peaceful and happy life.

Death to the Tsarist general Eugenic. Long live workers and peasants Russia. Leon Trosky, president of the military

revolutionary Soviet of the republic. Military order. All soldiers of the Army of Eugenic are dismissed

from duty on receipt of this notice and ordered home. All officers resisting the execution of this order are outlawed and

every soldier is required to shoot them on the spot as enemies of the people. Military order for all weapons delivered

to any staff headquarters of the Red Army. The soldiers of Eugenic will be paid in full. Rifle 600 rubles, machine

gun 2,000 rubles, cannon 15,000 rubles. military order. Having lost working time on account of the criminal activities of

Udainic, his demobilized soldiers will retain as their recompense their accutment their horse and other property

needful in peasant life military order. From the executive committee of the Communist International, I have received

five banners for presentation to the most heroic regiment of the victorious army.

Meanwhile, General Budani's cavalry was sweeping the remnants of Denikin's army, now commanded by Baron Brangal, out of

the [Music] Crimea. Brangal has given the command to

take to the boats. I will. [Music]

On November 14th and 15th, 1920, 126 ships left the Crimea carrying

135,000 enemies of the Soviets. The world is defeated and all Russia is now a Soviet republic. The commanderin-chief

takes a day off. Beside him, the staff poet Demian [Music]

Bedney. The Red Army lays down its guns and concentrates its forces on the neglected field.

[Music] Khalen, president of the republic, will not put on a neck tie even to celebrate

the victory. Lenon, although now far from well, is

[Music] happy. Few then realized that Joseph Stalin would subsequently play the

leading role. While the Bolsheviks were encircled by the world's armies,

sympathizers from all countries made their way underground to Moscow to form the Communist

International. Zenobius, the president of the international, takes the chair. Clara Zetskin, the German

delegate, friend of Karl Marx. The Indian Roy and the Japanese Sen Katayyama. President

[Music] Khalen, the secretary Angelica Balabanov, Carl

Radic, the Italian Serati, the German Levy, the Frenchman Ross

Mayare, Comrade Lenon. The delegates rise to greet their [Music]

leader. The American delegate John Reed is standing by the camera in the foreground. The delegates leave the hall

after the first session. Notice among them Zenovia, Radic

Reef, Parley P. Christensen, former labor candidate for president, is an American guest. He towers over Lenin

physically. Bill Haywood, famous leader of the IWW, is a very greatly honored guest.

The delegates decorate the graves of the martyrs on Mars Field. John Reed is in front. Lennon is one of the crowd.

[Music] He addresses the masses and they greet him as their leader.

Vladimir Elich Lenin, the genius of the Russian workers revolution, believed by many to have been the greatest mind and

character in modern history. He was free from any trace of personal greed or ambition. He devoted every working hour

of his life to the cause of liberating the toiling masses of the whole world from capitalist

exploitation. His mind was as flexible as his purpose was fixed. Facts, he said, are stubborn things. We must tell

the workers the truth. But he never lost faith in the goal of a liberated humanity. Living without war, without

nationalism, without class exploitation, in friendliness and decent justice throughout the earth.