Pelvic Organ Overview: Male vs Female Pelvis Anatomy Guide

hello students today we will discuss about the conceptual overview of pelvic organ

in this lecture we will not discuss the individual pelvic organ but we only discuss that

what is the overview of these pelvic organs how they are arranged in the pelvis and

what is the difference in the male and female pelvic section clear so if you will see

the pelvis first you should have this orientation before reading the pelvis or perineum

that how the pelvis bony pelvis is formed and what are the basic bones we will not discuss in the depth

but i will just give you the conceptual overview so when you will see this part what is this representing actually when

will have the pelvis it is made up of two hip bone on the sides and a sacrum on the posterior part now

what we did is that i have removed one side of my hip bone so that is the left hip bone has been

removed in this diagram and what you are able to see is my right sided

hip bone with the sacroiliac joint of that area so you can see that this is my

right hip bone this is the anterior superior iliac spine of the right side and this is adjacent sacrum with that

clear now what we are going to see is that why we did this because we want to see the inner side of

the pelvis and we will see the arrangement of the muscles and the organs

clear now what you are able to appreciate here that you know that there is a greater shiatic

notch and there is a lesser shiatic notch now these two things are starting from

this point is known as steel spine now above the actual spine you have the greater

shiatic and below the still spine you have the lesser

shiatic notch now these two notches are converted into the respective foramina with the

help of these ligaments this is the sacral tuberous ligament this ligament is connecting the

tuberosity of the ischium to the sacrum that's why this is known as

sacro tuberous ligament then you have one horizontal ligament now this horizontal ligament

is known as the ligament between the spinous process and the sacrum is known as sacrospinous

ligament now with the help of this ligament these two

notch converted into the respective foramina and now it is known as greater shiatic foramen and this is

known as lesser shiatic foramen so when you will have the bony pelvis the first thing

which we will see here that after removing this side of the bone on the opposite side you are able

to appreciate these two ligaments okay now what next we are going to see here

that how the other structures are arranged here clear so when you will see the another

slide you are able to appreciate that there are two major muscles which are present in this

section now what these major muscles comes here in this picture now this is the one muscle which is

arising from your sacrum and going towards your gluteal region

through this greater shiatic foramen and this is the piriformis now here on this side where you will

have the obturator foramen we have a muscle and this muscle is actually going through the lesser

shiatic foramen and this muscle is known as obturator internas okay

so there are two muscles which you are able to appreciate here the first is known as piriformis

and the second one is your obturator internas killer now after that if you will see the

further arrangement of the structure here now this is your

two muscles now this is how you have the another muscle now here you have to

just concentrate on these two things that here right now you are able to see the inner side of

observatory internals but in the next part what you are able to see is that

on the actuator internals you have a tendinous arch now here there is a formation of a

tendinous arch so this is the important thing which you have to understand

that on the inner side of observatory fascia there is a presence of tendinous arch

and this tendinous arch will give rise to a muscle and this muscle

is your diaphragm of pelvis and this is known as pelvic diaphragm clear so what is the first and most

important concept before start the reading of your pelvis that pelvis is having

a diaphragm is known as pelvic diaphragm and this pelvic diaphragm is having origin

from this tendinous arch which is not on the bone but it is on your fascia which is covering the

obturator internals clear now why what is the function of this pelvic diaphragm

when you will have the pelvis you have this concept in your mind that we don't have any bone in the

center of the pelvis okay you have the circumference of the bones

but in the center we don't have anything so what will happen that if the organs are present in the

center like uterus like your urinary bladder now if you will not have the support

from lower side those organs will sink down so to provide the support from the lower side

you have a diaphragm is known as pelvic diaphragm clear so now when you will see the different

parts of this pelvic diaphragm these are the different names which are given to the different parts of

pelvic diaphragm one is the iliococcygeus pubococcygeus and puborectalis

these are actually the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm between the adjacent bones now this bone

is helium and it is going to the coxes so this is from the ilium to the coxes so this component is known as

iliococcidius now the component which is going from pubis to the coccygeus

now this is your pubococcygeus because this is the pubic bone then you will have pubertalis now this

pubertalis is nothing but it is enclosing a aperture for the anal canal

and this is known as your puborectalis clear now there is one more important thing which you have

to understand here that this pelvic diaphragm is having a large aperture in its

anterior aspect now this large aperture which is present in its anterior aspect is known as eurozone

italitis what is that eurogenital hyatus now this eurogenital hertes is further

supported from below by one more diaphragm and that is known as eurogenital

diaphragm now we have seen this formation of the inner side the muscles

so what till now you know that there is a pelvic bones now inside the pelvic bones you have

first the operator internals now on the inner side of obturator internals you have the

tendinous arch now from the tendinous arch we have the origin of

pelvic diaphragm muscles then in the pelvic diaphragm you have one aperture on the posterior side for

the exit of anal canal anteriorly you have the aperture for the exit of

euro genital diaphragm now in this area if you have the orientation of the bladder

you will realize that bladder present in the anterior part of this pelvic cavity

this is your pubic bone now this bladder lies anteriorly in this part of the pelvic

area and this bladder is a pelvic organ when it is empty but as the urine will go into the

bladder the distension will occur and the bladder will come out

and it will become abdominal organ after distension okay apart from that on the posterior side if you will see

you have the space for the rectum now the another important thing which you are able to appreciate here

that this is your urethra now this urethra is passing through this pelvic diaphragm

gap and this pelvic diaphragm gap is known as eurogenital high test as the name itself

suggesting there are two component euro and genital euro means that it will give

pathway for the urethra and genital means it will give pathway

for the vaginal canal in case of female now here you can see that the urethra is going downward now below

the euro genital height is here you are able to see

this additional plate now this additional plate is now known as eurogenital diaphragm

what is that eurogenital diaphragm so this is the important thing which you have to understand

that in the pelvic region there are one complete diaphragm is there

that is known as this diaphragm pelvic diaphragm and below the pelvic diaphragm

anteriorly you have additional layer of the muscle that is known as eurogenital diaphragm now this diaphragm

provides support to this big urogenital hiatus if this high test is remain large then there are

always the chances that the organs may herniate through this big opening so to close

this big opening you have one more support from the lower part and that is your

euro genital diaphragm clear now in this eurogenital diaphragm above the urogenital diaphragm in case

of the male you have a very important gland and that is known as prostate now this

is your prostate now when you will see this gland this gland lies

above eurogenital diaphragm now here you can see that it is now enclosing the urethra

this gland is known as prostate enclosing the urethra in case of the male

and now this part of the urethra of male is known as prostatic urethra clear so you have to understand

this concept that we have a big gland and this gland in the case of male lies below the urinary bladder

but above the urogenital diaphragm and it is present or you can say in the lower part supported by this

part of pelvic diaphragm so what is that this is your prostate now after that you will realize that this is the

portion which is piercing your urogenital diaphragm and then it is entering into the penile

portion of urethra now this euro urogenital diaphragm

is having a lower thick membrane and this is known as perennial membrane

now the area which is below the perineal membrane is known as superficial perennial pouch

and the area which is above the perennial membrane is known as deep perennial

pouch okay so whenever you are reading the pelvis you should have this orientation

that where you will find the urinary bladder answer is the urinary bladder present

in the anterior part of the pelvis behind this pubic symphysis and

it is a organ of pelvis but when you have the distension of the urinary bladder

at that time this will become abdominal organ clear now the second thing is that below the urinary bladder in case of the

male you have the prostate and this prostate lies

inside the pelvic cavity above the urogenital diaphragm and the part of the urethra passing through

the prostate is known as prostatic urethra clear now when you will see the female pelvis now in case of the

female pelvis you have the urinary bladder and from the urinary bladder

there is as we know there is no prostate so what will happen the length of urethra

is also small and this urethra here you can see that pierce is the perennial membrane

and immediately it will enter into the superficial perineal pouch now apart from that

you have additional organ of the female here is the uterus and it is having

the vaginal canal clear so what is the basic thing which you should know about

the male female pelvis that when you will have the female pelvis you should have this orientation that

this uterus is also a pelvic organ and the cervix will open into the vagina and this is actually above your pelvic

diaphragm this area is also above the pelvic diaphragm and the vagina pierces the euro genital

hyatus at very low part and here it is below supported by eurogenital diaphragm

clear now when you will see the another organ in the pelvis that is the rectum

now this rectum lies on the posterior part of this pelvis and you should

appreciate the very important thing is that it is not at all supported by this eurogenital diaphragm because this

urogenital diaphragm is only support the eurogenital height test you have to understand this thing that

this urogenital diaphragm supports only the urogenital height is

not on the posterior part that is the anal canal okay and this central canal will have a separate opening into the

pelvic diaphragm and this opening is known as anal hyatus and through that your ns will have

external opening okay so what are the basic difference in the male female urethra

so when you will have the male urethra you have the parts of the male urethra pre

prosthetic prosthetic membranous part of the urethra and spongy part or penile part of urethra

now what is the meaning of these names the important thing is that when you will have this thickness of

your urogenital diaphragm now this portion of the urethra which is passing

through the urogenital diaphragm is known as membranous part of the urethra so what is membranous part of

urethra membranous part of urethra is the urethra which pierces the thickness of

urogenital diaphragm and then it pierces this perennial membrane which is the lower covering

of your urogenital diaphragm tk and above that you have this prosthetic part

of the urethra and this prosthetic part of urethra is absent in the

females now when you will see the female in the female case you have the urethra which is shorter in the length

and you will realize that this is the membranous part of the female urethra because this is the segment which is

piercing the urogenital diaphragm in case of the female

and then immediately it will open through the superficial perineal pouch so what are the differences in the male

and female pelvis now here first we will see in the male so in the case of the male in pelvis you

have only the two organ anteriorly you will have this urinary bladder

and posteriorly you have the rectum now in between them you have a fold of peritonium now here you can

trace this is the fold of peritoneum now this fold of peritoneum

is covering the superior surface of the urinary bladder of the male and then it is passing behind the

urinary bladder but the important thing which you have to understand

that this peritoneum is not reaching to the base it is just covering the almost

upper one-third of the bladder and then it will reflect on the anterior surface of your rectum

clear but where you will see in case of the female what you are able to appreciate that

here you have the three organs it is urinary bladder behind that you have the uterus

and then you have the rectum now what is the reflection here that this is the the peritoneum from

anterior abdominal wall covering the superior surface of your urinary bladder but it is not going to the posterior

side or even the posterior part of the superior surface

then it will reflect on the uterus and from the uterus it will go till the cervix and reflect

on the rectum clear now what is the difference so difference is that here in the pelvis

in male you have a single pouch you have a single pouch and this pouch is between the urinary bladder

and rectum it is known as racto ver cycle pouch what is that rectovecal pouch and this is actually the lowermost

part of greater sac but when you will see the female in female you are able to see

the two pouches the first pouch is anterior to the uterus and the another pouch is posterior to the

uterus clear now this pouch is known as utero cycle pouch the cycle means

something which is related to the urinary bladder and this is known as utero

cycle pouch so where is the utero cycle pouch it is the pouch which is between the

uterus and urinary bladder now the pouch which is posterior to the uterus

is known as recto uterine pouch what is that recto uterine pouch now this recto uterine

pouch is also known as pouch of douglas what is that pouch of douglas and it is present here

on the posterior side of uterus so when you will have the male and female pelvis what is the conceptual

thing which should always come in the mind that in case of the male you have the urinary

bladder below the bladder you have the prostatic part

and the prostate is adherent to the your euro genital diaphragm behind that you have the rectum and we have a single

pouch in case of the male pelvis that is known as rectovacal pouch but when you will see the female

pelvis you should have this idea that there is a pelvic diaphragm

and above the pelvic diaphragm in female we have the three organs urinary bladder uterus along with the

upper part of the vaginal canal and rectum now there are two pouches one is

anterior to the uterus one is behind the uterus the anterior one is known as

utrovecal pouch and posterior one is known as recto uterine pouch or pouch of

douglas okay so at the end of this class we are able to understand what is the overview of the pelvic organ

how the pelvic diaphragm is different from the urogenital diaphragm and how the organs particularly

the differences in the male and female pelvis in the arrangement so this is all for today's class thank

you