Comprehensive Fiber Optic Training: Theory, Splicing, Testing & More

[Music] [Music] hi everyone out there john bruno fiber

instrument sales and fiber instrument sales university or like we say fisu right uh i want to welcome everyone here

to your free two hour video series uh that's courtesy of fiber instrument sales i've really enjoyed teaching over

the years i've been doing this for 24 years and i've taught over 24 000 technicians in the field

from every walk of life and every different fiber optic field that we can think of

and i've really enjoyed it all but i thought you know maybe we would put a series together here

and to create that series uh this course that i've done uh i've selected some videos we have

over 125 videos in our library that we filmed and i've selected the most appropriate ones

that would fit into these 14 chapters of the fiber optic topics that we have so

again the most appropriate ones but you're going to see some fiber optic from fis fiber placement and some

promotions during the videos but again really let's concentrate on the information that you

can get from this it's an excellent learning experience and i think you all enjoy it

to start off with i'm going to present the very first video uh it's going to be some fiber theory

and some basics we want to ground you in the basics so every every chapter is a learning on the

previous chapter and build you build your education up throughout the whole course

brian will be uh your moderator he's going to be walking you through and connecting you to the uh

the many interesting videos that we have set up so sit back uh appreciate the world of

fiber and i'll be revisiting you throughout so i'll see you all real soon

see you hello my name is brian and i will be providing key information and understanding each video presented

you have already been introduced to john bruno who will first present a short review of fiber optic theory

how light travels through glass and its resulting advantages is why the fiber optic technology exists

short excerpts from a corning produced video provide insight to how the fiber itself is produced

chapter one fiber optic theory and we talk about a an english philosopher by the name of

john tindall or john tyndall he performed an experiment around 1870. that led us to fiber as we know it so

his experiment did not involve the typical fiber that we know of with glass he had an experiment where filled a

basin full of water and we know that the smallest particle of light is a photon what he did is he

shined light onto the surface of this bucket let's say of water we know what happens when light reflects

off of the surface of the water right we get the photons bouncing away as a reflection but we also get

where the photons will actually enter the water and they will bend a little bit what we call refraction

and at this point in 1870 they all knew about refraction and reflections this is nothing exciting tindall didn't

discover this but what tindal discovered was when he pulled a stopper

from the side of the bucket that allowed the water to obviously flow down to a lower basin the genius of

his experiment is he noticed that those photons of light that refracted into the water they

would actually continue and migrate themselves down into this lower basin

this was this whole experiment and in 1870 not quite sure what he was going to do with it

but if we look forward to fiber optics you know this is really the concept of of fiber here the water is doing what we

call total internal reflections the light will stay trapped between the barriers

of the water and we've got this from 10 the difference we know is that we don't make

fiber out of water you know be easy to make the cables hard to splice and connectorize

so what we do is we've replaced this medium this medium of water and we replace it with glass

why would you choose to run fiber instead of a copper cable there's several different advantages to

running a fiber optic cable let's take these one at a time really the number one reason and i'll be

honest if bandwidth was the only advantage fiber had we would still use it

number two low attenuation so you look at low attenuation low loss right

we're talking about low attenuation ultimately gives us longer distance transmissions right we

can transmit longer distances number three is a big one number three uh can be

if you look at emi and rfi electromagnetic interference radio frequency interference

interference is an issue when we talk about copper cables fiber is not susceptible to these outside

interferences number four a little more obvious i guess would be size and weight of the cable

why is size and weight advantage well if you look at the size of a copper cable and a fiber optic cable and you look at

your conduits and the things that you run your fiber in there's a fill rate

and the last one number five is safety and security okay so now i want to talk about

something we call index of refraction index of refraction refers to basically we talked about

light and how it's a sine wave it refers to the speed of light through a medium most of us

consider the speed of light if you're looking if you're watching like a scientific program

they refer to the speed of light and light years the speed of light is not a constant

number now the number that we are familiar with is about 186 000 miles a second

which is about the equivalent of 300 000 kilometers a second we always consider that the speed of

light truth be known that is the speed of light in a vacuum that's the fastest

anything can travel truthfully einstein told us that is the theoretical maximum speed we can

achieve we've got to prove that wrong index of refraction is basically equal to

the speed of light in a vacuum divided into your medium that's how we get the index of

refraction value it's a ratio basically so if you look at it i just mentioned

speed of light in a vacuum is 300 000 kilometers a second and if we divide that into

300 000 kilometers per second obviously that's a one anything divided into itself is one

so our base index of refraction value is always going to be a one and it always signifies that we're

talking about the speed of light in a vacuum right unencumbered i guess and again

this is the principle on how fast a photon travels through a medium

so if we look at our indexes of refraction again a vacuum the vacuum of where would that be space

light is traveling photons are traveling about 300 000 kilometers a second but as we

change mediums as we change materials index of refractions change as an example

our atmosphere our the air on our planet has an index of refraction of 1.0003 this number in many physicists would

would reprimand me for saying this but this number is so close to the index of refraction

of a vacuum that we're going to say that it's the same speed this substance very

common on earth this is water this is the again this is the average for water if you do the math

that's approximately 225 000 kilometers per second right as we said before as this number

increases our speed decreases think of when that light is traveling into the water

you're doing what you're changing it from approximately 300 000 kilometers a second

down to 225. that speed change that mismatch right is the excess light that the water

can't take think about it it just can't take all of this 300 000

speed light so again the overflow is that reflection that we get as this number

increases this number decreases so we have another number here you can see this is a an even bigger slowdown one

and a half index of refraction is about 200 000 kilometers a second

as we know as this number increases we're changing mediums this would be your typical index of

refraction for glass and i know there's lots of different types of glasses so they're not all

going to be one and a half that's you know the average let's say all right single mode fiber versus

multi-mode fiber so we have two kinds of fiber and we need to answer the questions why do we have the two

types of fiber so we'll start with you know kind of the pinnacle of fiber the top shelf of fiber

which is going to be your single mode fiber if we take just the fiber itself we

remember that it's made up of glass and we have a core and a cladding this is an example an

enlarged example of single mode fiber and when you look at single mode fiber you'll notice very small core

when we look at the fiber itself basically the core has a dimension of nine microns

a diameter of nine microns and the cladding has 125 micron dimension when you put this in human perspective a

nine micron core is about the equivalent let's say about 1 11th of human hair as we've talked

before we use lasers as our source of light for fiber when we talk about single mode again i

said there's specific wavelengths that we use the two very popular wavelengths would

be 1310 and we talked about this the measurements what

nanometers 1310 was used then we moved to a 1550 laser [Music]

when you look at multi-mode uh popular belief is that multi-mode is a larger fiber

technically it's not any larger because the cladding size is the same size of that of single mode fiber

overall they're both 125 microns of the same size the core sizes are different yes

multiple core sizes are larger so when we look at the cladding it's still that 125 micron size

but our core is either going to be 62 and a half microns or 50 micron multimode

uses typically two different wavelengths 850 nanometer and 1300 nanometer 850 is a more popular animator

wavelength used for our light sources 850 and 1300 are the two wavelengths that we use

850 being a little more popular because the electronics are less expensive than the 1300 wavelength uh when we

talked about the attenuation values of uh single mode fiber you know 0.3 db

at 1310 and 0.2 at 1550 with multimode fiber you know at that 850 wavelength we're

losing about three decibels of the signal strength every kilometer we travel so

3vb is kind of a very important number when you look at single mode the 0.2.3 you know

we're only losing three to five percent of our signal per kilometer with multi-mode again at three decibels

represents fifty percent light loss so every kilometer of distance you're losing half of your power

every time you talk on the phone or go on the internet what you say or type travels to its

destination through fiber optics voice and data gets transmitted via pulses of light through hair thin glass

fibers [Music] those fibers start out as large glass

tubes first workers unwrapped the tubes [Music]

then they submerged them in a corrosive bath of hydrofluoric acid that removes any oil residues

then they set a tube into each end of a lathe [Applause]

[Music] as the tubes spin they're heated with a hydrogen oxygen flame

when the glass turns white it's getting close to hitting peak temperature at about 3 500 degrees the two tubes

fuse together they put this new longer tube onto another lathe

as the tube spins they inject a mixture of chemical gases inside while a traversing burner heats

everything up the gas mixture contains liquid forms of silicon

an abundant chemical element found in nature and germanium a chemical element similar to tin that's

used as a semiconductor in transistors and other electronic devices as the gases heat they undergo a

chemical reaction that leaves a white soot on the inside of the glass tube the heat fuses the soot forming what

will eventually become the core of the optical fiber the glass tube itself will form the fibers

covering when there's enough fuse soot they turn up the heat until the soot itself turns

into glass then they heat the glass tube enough to soften it and to soften the new glass

inside the intense heat eventually makes the tube collapse on itself to form a solid

rod the internal structure of the optical fiber has been achieved

but it's in the form of a big bulky rod called a preform so the next step is to thin it out first

they excise the preform from the uncollapsed section of the glass tube [Music]

then they install it vertically into the drawing tower which will draw out the final shape

[Music] the drawing tower's oven heats one end of the preform to 3 600 degrees

[Music] the glass softens gravity helps pull it down like honey

dripping from a spoon then using a glob of glass as a weight they stretch the soft glass

and keep stretching it until they formed a thin glass fiber a series of pulleys measure the tension

on the fiber as it's being drawn a special monitor makes sure the fiber is precisely the right diameter

just five one thousandths of an inch then the fiber passes through uv lamps that bake on an acrylic coating

to protect against dust and other contaminants finally the fiber is rolled onto a drum

from here it's either shipped out as is or put into a cable fiber optic cables are expensive to

produce but they're smaller and lighter than traditional copper cables

they carry more information and need fewer repeaters to keep the signal from deteriorating

and unlike copper cables they're immune to electromagnetic interference they're also hard to tap without being

detected and all this is made possible by a complicated process

based on a very simple principle light traveling through glass [Music]

chapter 2 fiber optic connectors let's first look back at the fiber optic link

the fiber cable with connectors makes the connection between the transmitter and receiver

a fiber optic connector is a housing that aligns two fiber cores using ferrules

our first one minute video reviews the most popular single fiber connectors and common polish types

the most common are lc sc st fc and mpt style connectors all of these types of connectors can be

used with either single mode or multimode fiber there are three types of polishes which

can be applied to a fiber connector pc physical contact upc ultra physical contact apc angled

physical contact each polish type exhibits a different level of back reflection

back reflection is a measure of the light reflected off the end of a fiber connector

this light is measured in decibels our second three minute video presents one popular style of quick termination

field installable connectors these connectors are offered by multiple companies these popular factory

pre-polished connectors are installed by cleaving the field fiber cleaving is the process of cutting

the fiber end flat once cleaved the field fiber is inserted into the back of the quick termination

connector the cleaved fiber butts up to the pre-cleaved fiber inside of the

connector and is then permanently attached no we have introduced in our picture

a 12 or 24 position fiber mtp or mpo connector that will be discussed later in chapter four

[Music] in this video you will see the termination process for the fis bob tail

connector on 900 micron fiber here are the items necessary

for installation universal bob tail holder with visual fault locator fiber optic cleaver fiber stripper and

scissors quick cure epoxy and accelerant cleaning solution and wipes

and fis bob tail connector begin by sliding the 900 micron boot onto the field fiber

[Music] next strip an inch to an inch and a half of the 900 micron jacket from the end of

the field fiber be sure to remove all of the acrylic coating from the fiber

[Music] wipe the fiber clean with cleaning solution before cleaving

[Music] cleave the field fiber to 10 millimeter [Music]

place the field fiber onto the universal bob tail holder sliding clamp be sure the buffer extends past the end

of the v-groove and is flush to the end as shown [Music]

position the metal stopper into the hole for the connector type you are terminating

this video shows an st connector remove the dust caps from the bob tail connector

[Music] and place the connector into the universal bobtail adapter

for splice optimization connect the visual fault locator with a patch cord [Music]

and turn the unit on you will see the inside of the pop tail connector glow red

slowly slide the field fiber up and into the back of the connector's fiber channel until you hit the metal

stopper you will begin to see the light diminish to optimize the splice remove the clamps

and gently push the fiber until the light diminishes significantly take the bobtail epoxy applicator and

squeeze a drop of epoxy filling the fiber channel and covering the 900 micron fiber

spray with accelerant as needed [Music] slide the 900 micron boot up to the back

of the connector [Music] and you have now completed the fis

poptail connector [Music] chapter 3 splice on connectors

we continue on our journey of the investigation of connectors touching on the pros and cons of four

field connectorization techniques epoxy and polish quick term connectors like the bob tail

fusion splicing a pigtail which is a connector on a short cable and lastly the splice on connector or

soc because the soc is dominating the field install market

we choose to go into detail our field install comparison is done by john bruno in a five minute video discussion

[Music] hello again john bruno from fiber instrument sales want to talk about the

choices that we have when we do connectorization in the field now understand this we really

with all the companies out there and all the types of connectors there's really only three possible methods

to install a connector now all connectors are manufactured the same way

when we talk about them in the manufacturing facility but we're talking about in the field how

can we install our connectors and again only real three real possibilities and one

is really kind of leading the way and becoming the de facto standard so let's talk about our histories and

our different options so the first one that we're going to talk about is your traditional polishing and doing

the hand connectorization so hand tools are required we have to have

polishing pucks and jigs or we're going to use polish machines so advantages and disadvantages

advantages are going to be a polished connection directly connected no extra attenuation

we can achieve using the machine so very low optical return loss connections with apc and upcn face geometries but

really for all practicality the price of the equipment and the labor that it takes

this is really nothing that we really want to do anymore in the field so what's the next option the next

option we have would be using a mechanical splice connection or what they like to call as quick term

connectors quick term connector has already been polished by the manufacturer

low reflection qualities on the ferrule but what happens is inside the connection

there's a fiber stub and that stub is cleaved perfectly 90 degrees so we take our field fiber that's being

installed we're going to cleave that to 90 degrees insert to the back of the connector we

have a butt splice and then some cambing type of motion or clamping motion to hold that fiber in

place so again advantages and disadvantages advantage

quick termination very fast disadvantages we tend to have more disadvantages than

advantages here some of the disadvantages would be where those connectors come together we

have an index matching gel now we do get some extra attenuation there and we do add to our back

reflections and again we know back reflections are not a great thing the other thing is yes

we've reduced labor costs but these connectors tend to be fairly expensive and we also have to have a kit

that can cost up to two or three thousand dollars to install these connectors these really

dominated uh the the installation world uh for quite a long time

until the popularity arose of our third installation procedure in the field and that would be fusion splicing

and so traditionally what we've done is again we'll take that that factory manufactured connection

and basically what you're getting is basically half of a patch cord it's a connection with the low

reflective properties that we're requiring for the bandwidth needs of today

and basically we're not even doing the connector we're just cleaving that fiber and we're fusing splicing

that pigtail right to that field fiber so advantages here inexpensive

you know our um our pigtails tend to be fairly inexpensive the the great thing about the pigtail is

there's no additional reflections added in that fusion's splice as compared to the mechanical

where we do get those reflections so again we're getting a higher quality and really when it comes down to the

prices uh it's the cheapest and highest quality way to do it one of the disadvantages i can understand

is when we splice that pigtail we have a splice sleeve three feet four feet down the line and

we have to manage that splice sleeve we have to put them in trays and we have to have extra room in our

racks you know and that real estate is valuable valuable we don't really want to occupy

more space than needed so from that really came our best option and that's what we call a splice on

connector an soc there's many out there fiber instrument sales makes a great one a cheetah

connector or for three million armadillo and really essentially all that is is a

pigtail that's been shortened down so instead of feet it's millimeters

so we have a field and field manufactured low reflection connector but that splice is right at the back of

that connection and now when we fuse and splice that again no reflections from that splice very low

attenuation when we shrink the sleeve it's at the base of the connector

we pull the boot up it covers the sleeve no need for fusion splice trays no need for larger boxes no need for

that cable management so really what we're seeing

is a an explosion of these sails and people are realizing there's no higher quality way to install

the fiber and no quicker or less expensive way so that's kind of a nutshell if you have

any questions feel free to give me a holler here at fis first let's look at the steps required

to install an soc or splice on connector on a 900 micron diameter tight buffered cable

commonly used in network closets or data centers this three and a half minute video uses

a fittel fusion splicer but you can find the fis afl and sumitomo equivalent videos on our

website [Music] in this video you will see the

termination process for the fis cheetah connector on 900 micron fiber here are the items

necessary for installation fusion splicing machine high precision cleaver

optional heat shrink oven fiber stripper and scissors cleaning solution and the fis cheetah

connector [Music] begin by sliding the 900 micron boot

and splice protection sleeve onto the field fiber [Music]

next strip an inch to an inch and a half of the 900 micron jacket from the end of the field fiber

[Music] be sure to remove all of the acrylite coating from the fiber

[Music] wipe the fiber clean with cleaning solution before cleaving

[Music] place the field fiber in the splicer's removable 900 micron holder

be sure to place the buffer to the end of the holder to ensure the proper cleave length of 10 millimeter

[Music] cleave the fiber [Music]

and place on the left side of the machine take the fis cheetah soc

remove the cleat protector and ferrule cap [Music]

place the connector into the fis cheetah soc holder place the connector holder on the right

side of the splicing machine the setup should look as shown before performing the splice

[Music] close place your lid and splice fibers together

[Music] remove clamp on fiber holder and bring splice sleeve up

lift the field fiber and allow the splice sleeve to slide to the connector pushing the

sleeve to position as needed before shrinking the sleeve should sit as shown

[Music] set the connector holder onto the heat shrink oven and set connector and splice

sleeve as shown start the heat cycle on the oven and the start button will begin to blink

when the light begins to blink faster the cooling cycle has started if additional heating time is needed you

can press the start button again to initiate a reheat cycle of 15 seconds once the sleeve is shrunk remove the

connector and allow the splice to cool slide the 900 micron boot flush up to the back of the connector

for sc style connectors snap on the outer housing making sure the keyway is on top when

installing [Music] you have now completed the fis cheetah

splice on connector [Music] our next six minute video shows the

installation of the splice on connector on a three millimeter diameter fiber cable using an afl splicer

the crimping of the sleeve to the cable and kevlar provides extra desired pull strength

the techniques of stripping and cleaving are critical skills technicians should learn

[Music] in this video you will see the termination process using fiber

instrument sales armadillo three millimeter splice on connector using the fujikura 62s core alignment

fusion splicer here are the items needed fujikora ct30 cleaver

fis universal soc oven soc holder three millimeter cordage holder crimp tool

kevlar shears and tri-hole stripper cleaning solution and wipes screwdriver before any splicing an

important practice is to calibrate the fusion splicer this is called an arc calibration on the

62s press the menu key scroll over to window number five

and select arc calibration [Music] prepare and load left and right fibers

into splicer this must be done using single mode cable

when fibers are loaded close the lid and begin the arc calibration

[Music] once power and position is good the machine is successfully

calibrated now let's set up the machine to splice the armadillo three millimeter splice on connector

first let's select our fiber type press the menu key select splice mode select single mode auto once selected

press edit mode button scroll down to proof test press the select button to turn off

[Music] turn on the universal soc oven make sure the time is set to a three

millimeter splice on connector 30 seconds next remove both fiber clamps from the splicer

[Music] remove the alignment tool from the ct30 cleaver

[Music] place the boot crimp onto the end of the boot and slide the boot

onto the cable the larger opening of the boot and crimp should face towards the end of the fiber where the splice will

be made next slide the brass crimp sleeve onto the cable

using the provided strip chart mark and remove 35 millimeters of the three millimeter

outer jacket [Music] use the shrink sleeve to hold the kevlar

back as you place it on the cable next mark the 900 type buffer to 5 millimeters

[Music] strip remove all of the acrylite coating and clean

next place it into the cordage holder as shown place into the cleaver make sure the 900

micron buffer is against the pad and not resting on it cleave the fiber

[Music] once the fiber is cleaved load the holder into the splicer

the cleaved fiber should rest inside the v-groove remove the dust cap and protection

sleeve from the soc and load it into the soc holder be careful not to nick the end of the

fiber [Music] place into the right side of the fusion

splicer [Music] close the lid and begin the fusion

splice process after achieving a successful splice open the clamp of the cordage holder and

carefully remove the back end of the cable from the cordage holder and pull up and away from the soc connector this

will prevent the fiber from breaking do not hold on to the connector slide the

splice sleeve down while holding onto the kevlar place the connector into the holder of

the oven and adjust the sleeve up against the connector post close the lid and press the start button

[Music] once the speed of the blinking light increases the cooling process has begun

once the light stops blinking the heating process is complete allow the sleeve to cool down for two to

three minutes once cool pull up the crimp sleeve and capture the kevlar over the connector post

as shown follow the crimp diagram on the back of the strip chart according to the style connector crimp both

connector and cable end of the brass crimp sleeve [Music]

remove any excess kevlar slide the boot all the way toward the end of the connector until the crimp

sleeve is no longer exposed [Music]

crimp the back end of the boot [Music] apply the outer housing

[Music] you have successfully spliced the fis three millimeter armadillo splice on

connector [Music] chapter 4 mtp or mpo style connectors

as promised we will be introducing the mpo multi-fiber push-on connector the mpo is

often referred to as an mtp connector the mpo commonly provides in a single connector 12 or 24 fibers

its many parts make it one of the more complex connectors to assemble polish and test the mpo connector

utilizes three polarity methods type a b and c all 12 fibers connecting straight through to another mpo or mtp

connector is the type a polarity reversed is type b polarity

and flipped type c polarity single mode mpo cables must utilize the type a polarity only

while type b is preferred for multi-mode cables our two-minute video was created to

promote fis product but provides insight to the complexities of a factory completed connector

this will be followed by a video that shows the process of inspecting an mpo connector

with an exfo video inspection probe this will complete our connector presentation high density fiber optic applications

requiring mpo mtp style connectors of 12 and 24 fibers

presents many new connector assembly and hookup considerations the expectation is to enable a single

composite ferrule to successfully create a light connection of multiple fibers is a high

expectation to consistently assemble an mpo connector the following developments

were required specialized heat curing ovens providing horizontal positions instead of vertical

and temperature control and curing time are carefully monitored complex holding fixtures for the polisher

introducing adjustable pressure points for each connector enabling the desirable required polish

of upc or apc inspecting the geometric polished connectors

calls for visual and interferometric test capabilities establishing proper fiber orientation of

a male and female connector position was required to be incorporated style a b and c fiber locations within the

ferrule's positions had to be defined a special tool to convert male to female zens now exists

a mpo power meter and light source or a test set to establish all fibers for performing

to acceptable standards each test set contains 12 lasers and 12 detectors

confirming styles a b or c and that no cross connects occur only by the push of a button test set

is complete with reporting capabilities visual red light 850 nanometer laser systems are now in development

all test equipment and heat ovens are manufactured by fiber instrument sales available for immediate delivery

all right how's everyone doing out there i hope we're all staying healthy and happy

uh john bruno here i'm going to give you a little bit of uh some tech tips here and we're going to start with one of

them which is one of my favorite products is the exfo uh microscope and i get a lot of

questions on how do i how do i do end face analysis of mpo or mtp connections and one of the

things i want to point out is axel makes an excellent microscope probe one of the things you're going to

notice if you had bought one in the past and it's a little bit older you're going to see

a metallic body here and basically nothing here indicating that it'll do mpos this is

not set up this fip is not set to do the mpos

you will see and i'll get this out of the way because we're not going to want to use that

you're going to see on the newer models and it's been a little while so the one thing you're going to do is just

check to see if you have this but you'll see on the collar here it says mf ready

that's for your multi-fiber tip so this is the probe that you're going to want to have

it's got a little notch to hold the the adapter and this guy here here's your adapter

would come in this case this is actually two pieces this piece just screws in for sake of time i'll

save you that but this is their mpo probe tip so when you do the mpos you're

going to have to get the microscope and you're going to have to get this piece here and what we do is we take off

our normal tip and there's a little uh a notch here and there's a

a male and a female version and we're going to push down on that notch and we're going to slide this collar up

and screw it into place and we'll get this adapter here and now we're ready to go

i've got a sample cable here that we can test uh you're also going to see uh for the female version here uh

this is an adapter that goes on the end for our female cables and we're ready to test um when we come

over here to the expo unit all right so we fired up our xotdr here i've got my probe and it's wireless

you're going to notice a usb cable here my battery i looked it was a little bit low and i didn't want it to go out in

the middle of this presentation so we're just using that for the power

but when we first fire up the max tester here it'll identify itself and link to this unit

you're going to notice here that it has a little bit of a trigger here and we have three positions you can see

a little window for the positions this is this probe will actually capture four

fibers at a time so the four positions are fiber one through four five through eight and nine through 12.

so we're just going to notch across to do the different positions so if you've

ever taken any of my classes or seen my videos you know i'm a clean freak about stuff but we're gonna just look at this

guy slight unseen no cleanliness let's see what we got here

and when we when we do this we push a little tab in here and we plug in and that will secure that

to the unit and you're going to start seeing here the unit is doing its auto focusing

and we're going to see right here in the screen there's our first four boy these fibers are terrible aren't

they you can see a little bit of the alignment hole here this is a female so you can see the hole there but you

can see my first four fibers and in our setups and it won't go too deep but if we go into our

user preferences there's a couple things we can set up here if you do have this on a different unit

you can do individuals but we've set this up to do the fours other preferences are don't continue if

there's a failure so if you see a bad connector it won't have you go to the next four

because it knows it already failed i've got certain things set up and you can play with that again it's in the user

preferences but there's my first four and what we would do is hopefully you wouldn't even video

capture this because it's so terrible but we would capture these four and you can see it's saving and

evaluating each end which are terrible and then what we would do

is pull my trigger back to the next four and we would capture the middle four here

and then we would go to my third position let's finish this before we move it

well it doesn't like these fibers at all and then we're going to slide over to the fourth i'm sorry the last fork uh

fibers and you can see again there's your female port here for the alignment pin on the

other side and we would capture these and then we can go into our report software and see

the iec standard end face evaluation for these so that was just a quick little rundown on how to use this unit another

little point that i would like to show you here is

well john what about the males well we can take this adapter off and put another adapter on and this is

set to do the mail connections here's my mail mpo connector and what we

can do is plug in the mail and go through that same process so

hopefully this helps you out a little bit makes you understand how to do the iron face analysis

remember clean clean clean i know i didn't clean it in the beginning here i just wanted to show you a nasty uh

not real pretty end face this cable would definitely not pass thank you very much

[Music] chapter 5 fiber optic cable we are now introducing our fiber optic

cable section the parts of a simplex cable are the outer jacket

aramid yarn also known as kevlar 900 micron coating 250 micron acrylic buffer and fiber

cladding and core duplex cable or zip cord is side-by-side simplex fiber construction

some of the more popular multi-fiber cables are distribution cable containing multiple counts of

color-coded 900 micron jacketed fibers or micro distribution cable containing multiple counts of 250 micron

color-coded bare fibers loose tube used outside only is fibers placed in tubes filled with a petroleum-based

water displacing gel called icky pick this gel protects the fibers from moisture but the cable is limited to

only 50 feet inside of a building due to the toxicity of the smoke produced when the gel burns

there are many other cable styles and to get to more particulars let's look at our first video of two

minutes that explores simplex cable components and the fiber types utilized

the core is a continuous strand of super thin glass step index graded glass that is roughly the

same size as a human hair it is the center of the fiber cable and the medium through which light pulses

are transmitted the core is surrounded by a layer of cladding the cladding size is 125

microns and surrounds and reflects light back into the core the coring cladding

together is referred to as the optical fiber fiber optic cable has the three common

core sizes nine micron is single mode 50 and 62.5 micron is multi-mode

tight buffer is a 900 micron thick plastic material coating layer protecting the cladding aramid yarn

better known as kevlar is the strong synthetic material or yellow hair used as a protective outer

sheath for the tight buffer that protects the glass fiber core its high tensile

strength protects the cable from damage when being pulled surrounding the aramid yarn

is the cable's jacket which is the outside cover of the cable body depending on the type of cable

the industry standard color codes help identify these cables yellow is the standard for os1 and os 2

single mode orange is the standard for multi-mode om1 and om2

om-3 is aqua and om-4 is aqua in north america but in europe it is magenta the newest

cable standard is om5 the jacket color is lime green all outdoor fiber cables are black jacketed

to protect from the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays [Music]

manufacturing cable which is done at the light connection cable plant requires complex payoffs extrusion

processes and spool take up systems our one and three quarter minute video ad created by the light connection

provides insight to a cable manufacturing facility during this video you will see many of

the cable components previously mentioned to be manufactured fiber optic cable sends data at the

speed of light because they operate by transmitting light through optically pure fibers of glass

fibers that are a width of a human hair can transmit over long distances providing higher bandwidth

fis offers fiber optic cable produced by the light connection a subsidiary of fiber instrument sales

for 30 years tlc is a leading manufacturer of american-made standard and custom cable and tubing

for the fiber optic industry every product is cable rated by ul riser plenum and low smoke zero halogen

are some of the jacket choices available and they are all rojas compliant bean partners with

corning optical fiber all of the cable manufactured is with corning's latest fiber offerings

along with corning's bare fiber fis cells simplex duplex distribution

micro distribution dry loose tube indoor outdoor ribbon and breakout cables

including aluminum interlocking armor cable we also offer furcation tubing in all 12

industry standard colors for easy cable termination with fiber instrument sales large

warehouse including other locations in the united states for the customer this means superior

stock to choose from greater custom capabilities and shorter lead times

lower shipping costs will deliver your cable to you cost effectively and quickly

so you are ready for your current or next project a fan out kit or breakout kit has been

selected to close our section on cable when a cable end is to be connectorized all 250 micron coated fibers

must be inserted into furcation tubes before a connector can be installed our two-minute video walks you through

installing the fan out kit provided by fis after the cable is broken out to the

correct length following the instructions of the fan out kit cut and remove the buffer tube of the

osp cable it is important to remove all of the icky pick from the fibers in the

subunits take the fis icky clean and completely remove the icky pick from the fibers

after the icupic is removed use isopropyl alcohol and wipes to thoroughly clean

all the fibers you should hear a distinct squeaking while cleaning lay the fibers out and pat down with a

rosin bag this will help with frecating the fibers into the tubing of the fan out

using duct tape secure the frication block to the side of the table insert the fibers four to five inches as

to not tangle or cross and insert in the correct color code starting with blue

[Music] after the fibers are partially inserted remove the frication block from the

table and pull the block toward the cable slowly to furcate the fibers all at once

once fully fricated simply snap together the plastic clamp to complete the install of the fan out kit

chapter 6 fusion splicing fusion splicing is the act of arc welding two separate fibers into one

continuous path installed outside plant cables splice on connectors or pigtails

all must be fusion spliced the splice has negligible reflection low loss and is strong these splices

with protection sleeves are commonly placed into a tray that is inserted into a protected housing or

closure a one minute video talking about the lower cost of splicers

will first be shown before we delve into splicing particulars in the 1980s the cost to purchase a

fiber optic fusion splicer was approximately five times greater than today's prices

the basic difference is today's splicers provide better performance and are easier to use how has this

impacted the application of fusion splicers in actual applications it is now affordable for the contractor

to inventory multiple units minimizing downtime reduces cost of rentals

when the occasional use doesn't justify a purchase enables higher connector performance and

lower connector installation prices of field installable splice on pigtails or splice on connectors increased

bandwidth performance by ensuring low reflective fusion splices are used as repair procedure throughout

the network fiber optic manufacturers increase production efficiency

with multiple splicers at floor locations it is now on to fusion splicing

particulars which will be shown in the most popular fis video to date this seven minute video has been viewed

over 314 thousand times on youtube we will detail making a single fiber and a ribbon fiber fusion splice

we start with the important arc calibration using an afl70s splicer see our fis website providing videos

using the ca3 ac5 fitel s179 afl70 and sumitomo type q102 fusion

splicers the most current model of afl core alignment splicer

is the 90s it replaces the 7ds [Music] in this video you will see single fiber

fusion splicing and ribbon fusion splicing on the afl70s and 70r splicing machines

[Music] here are the items to perform a single fusion splice

afl-70s splicing machine ct30 cleaver fiber stripper cleaning solution and wipes and fis

splice sleeves when first turning your fusion splicer on to begin a splicing session

you must remember to perform an arc calibration the arc calibration will account for altitude humidity

temperature and barometric pressure dependent upon your location and will set the machine

to the correct power for arcing the machine to the arc calibration through the menus as shown

[Music] you must use single mode fiber for arc calibration even if you are splicing

multi-mode fiber [Music] strip

clean and cleave your fiber [Music]

and load into the machine [Music] the first are calibration failed and

must be reset [Music] repeat the process for fiber preparation

[Music] once you have an acceptable calibration you can begin splicing

[Music] after the arc calibration is accepted set the fusion splicer to the correct

splice mode for the fiber type you are splicing the afl 70s and 70r machines has several

built-in splice recipes for many fiber types in this video the machine is set to the

auto single mode multi-mode setting and we will be splicing single mode fiber

[Music] next set the fusion splicer's heater to the correct heater mode

for the type of heat shrink you are using the afl70s and 7dr machines have different heater settings for the

different size shrink tubes in this video we will set the machine to the 60 millimeter sleeve

for the size we are using first take the splice sleeve and slide over one of the ends of fiber you are

splicing to [Music] prepare both ends of the fiber by

stripping cleaning cleaving and placing into the machine once the second fiber is loaded the

machine doors will close and the splicing action will begin once the splice is complete

the machine will perform a pull test to ensure splice integrity lift the fiber from the machine by

keeping slight tension on the splice as you are lifting slide the splice sleeve over the splice

and place inside the machine's oven [Music] the heating cycle will take about 30 to

40 seconds depending on the size sleeve you are using remove the splice and allow for it to

cool before handling you have now completed a single fiber fusion splice

[Music] here are the separate items to perform a ribbon fusion splice

70r fusion splicer jacket stripper and 12 fiber ribbon holders ribbon splice sleeves

begin by sliding the ribbon fusion splice sleeve on one end of the ribbon fiber you are splicing together

take the 12 fiber ribbon holder and place the ribbon fiber in the holder with about an inch and a half extending

past as shown take the hot jacket stripper and place the ribbon holder

as shown and once the light turns green the unit is hot enough for stripping close the unit pull back on the slide

and the ribbon matrix will be stripped off remove the access ribbon matrix from the hot jacket stripper

clean the fibers with cleaning wipe and solution and set the fiber holder into the cleaver

and cleave the fibers place the holder into the splicer and repeat the process for the second

twelve fiber ribbon [Music] when the second fiber is loaded in the

machine the doors will automatically shut and the splicing action will begin

[Music] when the splice is complete lift the ribbon fiber from the machine

by keeping slight tension on the splice as you are lifting slide the splice sleeve over the splice

and place inside the machine's oven the heating cycle will take about 30 to 40 seconds depending on the size of the

sleeve you are using remove the splice and allow for it to cool before handling

you have now completed a ribbon fiber fusion splice back to arc calibration our second most

viewed one and a half minute video is used to refresh the technician on this critical splicing step

this function should always be performed in the field before any actual fusion splicing is done

when first turning your fusion splicer on to begin a splicing session you must remember to perform an arc

calibration the arc calibration will account for altitude humidity temperature and barometric

pressure and will set the machine to the correct power for arcing depending upon your

location you must use single mode fiber for arc calibration even if you are splicing

multi-mode fiber set the machine to the arc calibration through the menus as shown

[Music] strip clean and cleave your fiber and load into the machine

[Music] [Music] so

you have an acceptable calibration you can begin splicing [Music]

there are three different kinds of single fiber splicers core alignment which uses cameras to

align the fiber's cores using two axis movement this method yields the lowest average losses per

fusion splice active v-groove alignment this splicer uses the same axial movement as the core

alignment splicer but aligns the claddings of the fibers the least expensive option is the

v-groove splicer that aligns the fibers as they passively sit in a v-shaped groove

the fis-ac-5 is an active cladding v-groove splicer as the splicer is used the v-grooves can

become filled with contaminants and must be cleaned to avoid fiber misalignment and splicing errors

john bruno asked for a minute and a half to demonstrate hi again john bruno fiber instrument

sales and fis university hey i want to give you guys a quick little tech tip real easy to do

but this could save you plenty of time in the field you're going to notice that a lot of our splicer manufacturers

will include a small little brush and a lot of you have probably ignored this anytime we use a splicer whether it be

core alignment cladding or active clad sometimes we get issues of alignments of the fibers and i've seen people get very

frustrated at this one of the easiest things we can do when we're getting that core alignment error