Complete Guide to Plant Movement and Locomotion in Bengali 2025

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Complete Guide to Plant Movement and Locomotion in Bengali 2025

Introduction to Board Booster Bengali 2025

  • Welcome to the most demanded batch focusing on life sciences.
  • The course is structured into MIC (Most Important Concepts) and MIP (Most Important Practice).
  • Emphasis on concept clarity, daily practice, revision, and mock tests.

Chapter 1: Plant Sensitivity and Movement

Key Concepts

  • Stimulus and response in plants: external (mechanical, environmental) and internal (hormones, ions).
  • Important scientist: Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose, who proved plant sensitivity using Crescograph and Resonant Recorder.

Important Plants and Movements

  • Mimosa pudica (Lajjabotie): exhibits contractility; touch stimulus causes leaf folding due to potassium ion efflux reducing turgor pressure.
  • Desmodium gyrans (Bonchala): shows rhythmic spontaneous movement (rhythmicity) without stimulus, known as telegraph or dancing plant.

Types of Movement

  • Locomotion (Gomon): whole body movement from one place to another.
  • Movement (Cholon): movement of specific parts without whole body displacement.
  • Relationship: Locomotion depends on movement, but movement can occur independently.

Types of Plant Movements

Tactic Movements (Whole body movement)

  • Phototactic: movement towards light (e.g., Chlamydomonas).
  • Thermotactic: movement towards temperature.
  • Chemotactic: movement towards chemicals (e.g., pollen tube growth).

Tropic Movements (Growth-related bending)

  • Phototropism: growth towards light, controlled by auxin hormone.
  • Geotropism: growth in response to gravity; roots show positive geotropism, stems negative.
  • Hydrotropism: growth towards water.

Nastic Movements (Stimulus intensity dependent, non-directional)

  • Photonastic: response to light intensity (e.g., sunflower petals).
  • Thermonastic: response to temperature (e.g., tulip flowers).
  • Chemonastic: response to chemicals (e.g., insectivorous plants).
  • Thigmonastic: response to touch (e.g., Mimosa pudica).
  • Nyctinastic: sleep movements responding to light and temperature (e.g., Babla, Amrul).

Animal Locomotion

Types of Locomotion

  • Amoeboid locomotion: using pseudopodia (e.g., Amoeba, WBC neutrophils).
  • Ciliary locomotion: using cilia (e.g., Paramecium).
  • Flagellar locomotion: using flagella (e.g., Euglena, sperm).
  • Fish swimming: streamlined body, paired and unpaired fins, myotomal muscles, swim bladder for buoyancy.
  • Bird flight: wings with remiges and rectrices feathers, flight muscles (pectoralis major/minor, coracobrachialis).
  • Human bipedal locomotion: synchronized leg and arm movement, muscles involved (gastrocnemius, extensor digitorum, biceps femoris), balance maintained by cerebellum and inner ear structures.

Joints and Muscles

  • Synovial joints: movable joints with synovial fluid reducing friction.
  • Types of joints: hinge (elbow, knee), ball and socket (shoulder, hip), pivot (neck).
  • Tendons connect muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones.
  • Muscle actions: flexors (biceps), extensors (triceps), abductors (deltoid), adductors (latissimus dorsi), rotators (piriformis).

Exam Preparation Tips

  • Focus on key concepts and important terms.
  • Use mind maps and short notes for revision.
  • Practice mock tests and question discussions.
  • Complete homework (booster tasks) and submit answers for evaluation.

This guide ensures a thorough understanding of plant and animal movement concepts essential for 2025 board exams, combining theory with practical exam strategies.

For a deeper understanding of plant structures, you may find our 'Understanding Plant Morphology and Anatomy: A Comprehensive Guide' helpful.

To explore more about the cellular basis of these movements, check out our 'Comprehensive Guide to Cells, Tissues, and Biological Systems for Exams'.

If you're preparing for biology exams, consider our 'Comprehensive Guide to CIE IGCSE Biology: Key Concepts and Study Tips' for additional strategies and insights.

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