Automatic Power Factor Correction Using Arduino: Project Demonstration

Welcome to the project demonstration of automatic power factor correction by using Arduino. So the main application

of this project is we are going to do the power factor correction based on the load. So as of now we are using the 100

Ws resistive load and here we using this 40 W of inductive load and the next capacitive load we are using 2

microfarad is 440 volt AC. So three loads R, L and C. So as we know that whenever the inductive load connected

then the power factor will comes down from unity to around 8 or 7 based on the power factor lagging of the current

waveform. So whenever the resistive load is occurred then the phase difference between the voltage waveform and current

waveform is near to the zero means the two waveforms will overlap with the phase difference of zero angle. Then cos

theta is nothing but the power factor value. So based on this phase difference the power factor value calculated. So

when we use the resistive load then it's going to be the near to zero then cos0 is near to unity power factor. So

whether it is a.99 or.995 based on this resistive load and when we add the inductive load in series

with the resistive load then the voltage will be divided in our project the voltage will be divided so that the bulb

industry will be decreases as we have added the inductive load. Due to that the current waveform will be lags. So

that we can get the phase difference between the voltage waveform and current waveform. That phase difference may be

10° or 20°. Based on that the power factor will be getting that 08 or 7 lakhs and uh due to that the system will

identify the power factor lagging and when it is less than.9 lags then the system will add this electromagnetic

relay to compensate this power factor by adding the capacitor. So nothing but when we add the capacitor the capacitor

will lead the current waveform. So that already the current waveform lagged by the L load this inductive load and there

will be lead by this capacitive load. So that the power factor value will be compensated based on this current

waveform compensation means it lags and it will lead the current waveform so that the phase difference will be comes

down to zero again so that the power factor also will be increased and which will be coming near to the one. So

whenever the power factor value is above 0.9 it's a normal condition and 0.9 lags is a normal condition and whenever the

power factor is less than.9 lagging then the system will on this relay to add this capacitor in parallel to the R and

C LO and whenever we isolate this inductor then only R + L will be R + C will be there so then here the power

factor will be leads so that will be identified again the microcontroller and the Arduino you know and it will be

isolate this relay capacitor to separate this RN plus C and here we are using this current transformer and voltage

voltage transformer. So from this CT and PT continuously the system will get the voltage waveform and current waveform.

And here is this zero crossing detector to get the current waveform directly. Uh it has a inbuilt zero crossing djector.

It will provide us the uh voltage waveform here. And the overall monitoring of this power factor values

will be displayed on the 16x2 LCD screen. And we have interfaced that at pin number B 22 to7 and pin number 9 to

this electromagnetic relay and A1 to this zero cross injector of voltage waveform and current waveform. This is

switch to isolate and connect the inductor load. So let us check with the demonstration. So when we on the power

supply so it is a normal condition. Okay. Just reset this. Wait till the power factor stabilized. So full

brightness nothing but the power factor value lags is 0.95 right whenever the lagging power

factor shows 0.96 continuously then we can on the inductor means R + L so that current may lags and the capacitor

connected in parallel to this R + L loads using this relay and whenever we are isolating this inductor again as you

can see the brightness and here you can see leading power factor so that the relay will switch it off. So in this

manner power factor lagging and less than nine compensation and when we isolate this again leading power factor

and isolate this relay right thank you.