AP European History Exam Preparation with Tom Ritchie

if you're taking ap european history in the right place i'm here with tom ritchie the king of ap

euro tom how are you doing tonight oh i tell you we just had a good session just going through uh you know getting

ready for for some art review in a little bit but uh you know i know

the kids are uh excited to see a little bit of uh you know marco the actual dog um making an appearance uh pretty soon

hopefully now sometimes he's not the best behaved dog that's something that we have to always

he's very tired before exams he gets very tuckered out and he needs his nap time but we will

bring i'll bring his big corporeal giant white fluffy form in um towards the end and again everyone

thank you for joining i posted some links in the description to our study guide pack

to uh tom ritchie's playlist to all the resources that we have available for you guys so definitely check that out

tom i'm going to turn it over to you and we'll be giving you a chance to guide students on some last

minute tips for ap euro all right so ladies and gentlemen y'all go ahead i mean i can do some shout outs

but uh also if anybody's got some questions here we've got only a small group here right

now so go ahead and uh shout out to mr diddy goops please okay so as far as that

annabelle good to see you here and how can i help you all tonight okay those of you who are here

at the some of the first ones here y'all get to guide this thing i'm gonna be here for about the next uh you know 25

minutes or so and then of course uh you know john uh you know from marco has got

a you know very long history of uh helping people with test prep and also y'all want to remember that

marco learning doesn't just do ap euro but they're providing support for several ap

subjects remember if you go to marcolearning.com you can you can download free study

guides and also a free practice test if you want to do a free practice test uh you know before

you take the exam tomorrow afternoon there's a practice test with answer explanations um so as far as

uh as far as that uh that goes um you know what okay so enlightened absolutism

annabelle who came over from my review earlier and uh you know as far as enlightened

absolutism okay so this is kind of a way to sort of merge together absolutism and the enlightenment now

note here that you know on one to what some extent these are kind of

antithetical concepts because when you think about this when you look at emanuel kant who had

the who wrote the essay what is enlightenment he was writing that

you know enlightenment needs freedom in order to grow okay so for in order for enlightenment

to thrive there must be freedom now on the other hand

uh you know on the other hand um that's something here as uh you know we're thinking about that

the enlightenment needs freedom and since the enlightenment needs freedom now frederick the great can say

you've got the freedom of scientific inquiry or you've got the freedom of uh you know religion but montesquiou

says like in order for enlightenment to really thrive

there has to be some sort of separation of powers so that nobody is afraid

of the government you know if the power's all in one place you really can't have true freedom now

that's monastery whereas kant uh you know who is a german fl

or a prussian philosopher you know kant says look i mean frederick the great is awesome because he lets us argue as much

as we like as long as we obey him and so when we think about the enlightenment at the

enlightened absolutist it's being like absolutist okay so uh it's the night before the exam i've been

going all week for three subjects uh y'all bear with me but the enlightened absolutist

i usually think about it like you know admiral ackbar on star wars it's a trap you know and so um toleration of

religious minorities okay so when we think about toleration of religious minorities religious toleration

um you know frederick the great is really the best at that of course joseph ii is given some limited

toleration to the jewish community allowing them to open some of their own schools

um for example and so toleration of religious minorities reform of institutions okay so we think about

reforming institutions that's where frederick the great is coming up with a civil service system so

people have to take a test in order to come into government service

so he's reforming these institutions and so then you look at joseph ii who tried

abolishing serfdom okay um katherine the great not so big on uh you know not so big on reforming

institutions because catherine owed too much to the nobility um and then we see absolutism of course they are

promoting their own absolute rules so toleration of religious minorities reform of institutions absolutism and

patronage of the philosophes okay basically katherine the great is really the best at that she's got a

long correspondence with voltaire and dietero and actually with dieter o she heard

ditero was having financial trouble and so what she did is she

said hey dietero i'm gonna buy your library from you so here is a lump sum of money that i'll

purchase your library and then she said but i want you to hold on to it for me

and i want you to be my librarian okay and so with that she wants him to be the librarian so she's supporting him and

dietero actually went to uh you know saint petersburg and visited uh catherine the great that

was a long trip back then to go all the way across europe before railroads or anything like that

um and i mean it's even a long kind of long trip today and so with that uh you know that's

enlightened absolutism now also the promotion of science this is a book that uh that is just really uh

really funny it's called the potato king and this actually all of the art in the book is uh you know is made with

potatoes and so uh you know i can't think of any better way to kind of read y'all a little bedtime

story on you know a story of the potato king okay and so once there there was once a

king called fritz one day he heard about a new wonder plant from south america

the potato okay and so note here that this is promoting science because one thing we want to think of is the potato

it is a very calorie dense food in fact if somebody's going on a diet they're not supposed to eat white

potatoes you know white potatoes is one of the things that if you're trying to cut calories you don't eat them

now if you're a starving peasant you know those calories are really good for you

and so frederick the great is like how can i get people of course we've figured out how to make potatoes

now you know it's like the french and the dutch have gotten so great with like fruits you know french fries

um and then you know the british with fish and chips you know we make mashed potatoes here

um in america of course i guess they've got mashed potatoes in europe as well but still i mean i just

you know we know how to make potatoes tasty but if you think about like raw potatoes

they don't taste very good and so the thing is frederick is trying to get his people to adopt the

potato you also have to think about potatoes are ugly like it's just it's not a very pretty

kind of thing and so this is one of those things that you know that that he's promoting the

enlightenment because he's promoting science we need to promote this crop here here i will give you the potato it

costs little to grow and is healthy to boot and so the people they didn't like to be

told what to eat it says here king fritz was upset then he had an idea now think about enlightened absolutism

is absolutism from above okay and so as far as that uh you know as far as that goes

that he's like how can i trick the people into eating potatoes and so the way the

legend goes is frederick the great ordered his soldiers to march to the village

and to guard the potato field and so basically the so now who knows if this happened but it's

a great story about enlightened absolutism that the soldiers guard the potato field

and then the villagers are like well if the vegetable has to be so closely guarded there must be something

special about it and so we see here that basically the king ordered the guards to like go to

sleep at night and the villagers stole the croc and so frederick now the thing is this

exact story didn't happen that way not necessarily but frederick was known as the potato king frederick the great

is known as the potato king any of y'all seen charlie the unicorn part two where they're like you're the

banana king oh i'm the banana king you know but frederick great was the potato king

and so with that if you've never seen charlie the unicorn you should watch that it's like vintage

youtube okay piece of westphalia okay so we've got uh men wants to hear about the piece

of westphalia um and so with that uh you know this is something

yeah and what john's saying in the chat is like this would be you know if you were

asking about the promotion of science and that sort of thing uh you know that enlightened absolutist

i mean frederick the great is promoting the growing of the potato which is a scientific advancement and so

with this on you know as we were you know as we were asking uh

asking here what was what was that again that i just uh let's see so uh you know let's see that

oh my goodness i i know what i was about to uh just to start on there uh but now i am

what was what was that i just said that i was gonna do uh um so i don't know what you know i'm

trying to find what i was just uh what i was just doing here um the prague spring

that is when prague you know they had a uh liberalizer like basically prague in

1968 they uh they elected a liberalizing uh you know a liberalizing leader and so with

that uh the soviet union decided to basically arrange a warsaw pact invasion of czechoslovakia and so they

basically removed that government that was in 1968. um now the student protests in france

were the same year i've never been in a situation where i've had to explain that so just knowing

that 1968 whether in eastern europe or western europe it was a pretty tumultuous year it was

also the year that you had these anti-vietnam war protests in the united states

so going from that uh you know we're talking about the piece of westphalia um the piece of westphalia it basically

ends an era of warfare okay because during the reformation

wars are about religion people are fighting about religion religion is central to conflict in

europe and so with that that uh that basically the uh the 30 years war what we're going to

see in the 30 years war is that we are going to uh we're going to see there

that that the war starts off as being local and religious in the holy roman empire

and it grows into being more continental and more political as time goes on so we want to make a special note of uh you

know of what's going on there in terms of the war is getting not only bigger but also more political

so france for example one of the biggest things about the 30 years war is where france comes in

on the side of the protestants and this is something that is going to shift the balance of power you know

france is thinking about you know they've been through the french wars of religion remember politique

somebody that's a politic this is somebody that puts political concerns

and the concerns of the nation over religious concerns okay so basically cardinal richelieu who is

the first minister of louis the 13th on he says like look we're going to bring france in

on the side of the protestants here and we are going to uh you know then you know with france coming in on the side

of the protestants basically it's no longer a religious war anymore you see that it's it's no longer

a religion thing um it is much more of a um of a political conflict and so we're

going to see in 1648 the piece of westphalia is going to be like this uh you know

this political um you know kind of conflict here that then goes into the next phase of warfare

that the next phase of warfare is going to be much more focused on the balance of power

with things like the war of the spanish succession during louis xiv and then the seven years war which is of

course like a global balance of power unkind of war there where we see colonial rivalries

and so that's the biggest thing in 1648 the piece of westphalia closes the book on those uh you know on

that old way of doing warfare where it's much more about religion than anything else

okay so that's something that i think is you know is extremely important here where we're thinking about uh you know

where we're thinking about religion going away now the other thing here is that you know

france is going to become an ascendant power now i don't think like it would be accurate you know to say

that the 30 years war had a winner and a loser and stuff like that but certainly the habsburgs are not in a

better position because of the 30 years war um the habsburgs are in a worse position

and france is actually on the way up okay because of the 30 years war and the peace of

westphalia faint frank fance uh france is in a position

to actually uh you know to go to and you know be the you know basically the epicenter of greatness

in europe under louis xiv whereas the habsburgs are going to lose clout and you're going to see less of a

centralization in the holy roman empire now also the independence of the netherlands

and switzerland is recognized as well in addition calvinism becomes a legal religion

in the holy roman empire so calvinism becomes a legal religion of the holy roman empire

and then we see that uh you know also the what do you call it the freedom of private worship okay the freedom of

private worship is going to be something that we're going to see in the holy roman empire

and so really kind of across europe it's going to be less of a concern

what religion you're practicing in private the dutch republic is a great example of this where

you know they're officially calvinist but at the same time you know they're officially calvinist

but they are uh you know they're just like you know if you're jewish or you're catholic or

whatever you are you know just you know do whatever you're going to do that you know

everybody being able to do commerce is more important than everybody having the same religion

so with that let's see uh see what we've uh what we've got here um so uh so with that calvinism is kind

of based that's one way that's one way to think of it isn't it um

so with this evaluate the extent to which marco is a good dog i think that uh

you know marco that would be one of those i don't know if that can really be a

question because well actually it is a debatable question because marco is actually

like he really is uh you know he's really an adorable dog as you all will see but uh you know not

the best behaved okay not the best behaved not the smartest

uh you know but definitely iconic okay so with this yeah so we're thinking about the french wars of religion you

know henry of navarre who was a huguenot now remember

calvinism you know which somebody said is kind of based uh you know that calvinism is uh you

know a religion that kind of it's it's one of those like lutheranism it's always good to know maps like

lutheranism is common in like northern germany and scandinavia

okay like basically for whatever reason like norway sweden denmark iceland uh lutheran

okay like lutheranism just really like you know it did well in scandinavia i don't know if it's uh you know

something about the cold weather i don't know but lutheranism you know remember

gustavus adolphus of sweden was a lutheran and intervened partly to help uh you know german

lutherans uh during the 30 years war and partly um because he wanted to make sure to defend

his uh his influence on in the baltic and so going from there

um we see that uh you know gustavus adolphus um is a lutheran and so from there that

uh you know calvinism goes all the way like the hall and zolans the fredericks on that dynasty that govern that rules

prussia they're calvinist and calvinism was added as a legal religion in the holy

roman empire the piece of augsburg was only only applied to lutheranism

and catholicism and so you know when we're looking at this uh calvinism also goes into scotland you've got

calvinist in england that are responsible partly for the english civil war

and so then in france they're called huguenots okay which is like i don't know i think

about john calvin in a spacesuit and i remember it that way um but huguenot which uh nobody really

is completely sure about where that word came from it is just a strange word

and whatever you know this is what they referred to on to catholic you know are not

catholics but calvinists uh they refer to calvinists this way as huguenots and so with that uh you know henry of

navarre was a you know in southern france a lot of the french

nobles became huguenots including henry of navarre and that's of course what is

starting the french wars of religion because you've got the catholic dynasty you know with catherine de medici and

her sons and then you've got the you know this protestant league

that is fighting and of course henry of navarre one thing i didn't know until recently

um when henry navarre became henry iv of france because he had the you know the best claim to the throne

he initially tried to govern i thought it was like instantaneous but it wasn't like for like three or four years

um he continues to try to fight the wars of religion and to try to rule france as a

protestant but then he finally sees like catholic france is never going to accept

a protestant uh a protestant king you know it's just he has to come to terms with the reality that uh you know that

france is a uh you know france is a catholic country and so that's where

henry iv then uh you know converts to two things really he converts to catholicism and he

converts to the politique philosophy because remember the polity philosophy um looks like politicus uh if

you're just writing it on the politique polity philosophy is about

uh you know a uh you know it's about basically putting politics over religion okay and so as far as that

uh as far as that goes let's see what we've got girl no paris is worth a mass

not a mat okay but paris is worth a mass okay and so with that um the format you know let's see here

can i explain um yeah i'm about to do the art review ladies and gentlemen i'm about to go over and do the uh premium

art review um now the thing is john's gonna be around here and john actually knows a

good bit about art history and it's certainly not gonna offend me if john talks to you all about art those

of y'all who aren't coming to the art review um if john talks to you all about art

you know that's something that's uh that's really his uh his business and i think that's uh

that's great uh imagine if it wasn't a written test oh i would do so so bad there um if it weren't a

written test okay yeah so great maggie you look like you are

ready for this okay bio cup seven i'm glad you brought up the catholic counter reformation okay because this is

something that uh reminds me you know what great resources

are available at marcolearning.com okay so let's go over here and let's do a little shameless plug for romulus euro

um you know it's at the app store in google play and uh let's see marco learning dot com

slash ap euro where you're going to find several on you know several study guides

that go you know that are in the first couple units and the catholic reformation or

the counter reformation now it's called either one you know you can call it the catholic reformation the

counter reformation the catholic counter reformation um what you want to note here is when we

say counter reformation you know counter reformation we're focusing on the part of the

reformation that is against protestantism okay so part of the catholic reformation is the part that is

against protestantism and so you know that is part of it but then there's the other

part the reason why we call it also the catholic reformation is there is an internal reform in the

catholic church that you've got the council of trent which is

i would say that the the only church councils that you really need to be familiar with

for this course one of them being uh you know one of them being on the

council of trent the other one being vatican ii in the late 20th century you know these

are both councils that are called together in order to uh you know in order to

reform and try to you know help the catholic church uh you know kind of go

into the next like modern era now on one hand so the council of trent is the council of catholic bishops that met

on in the uh you know during the reformation and so going from there what we want to

note here is that there's continuity and change now the council of trent

i would say here there's continuity because of the affirmation of catholic doctrine

the council of trent did not change anything about catholic doctrine whatsoever so my jingle here

is the affirmation of catholic doctrine okay so the promise they were they reaffirmed

the primacy of the pope traditional catholic beliefs but the reformation of church practices

and they they created new religious orders on new seminaries to train priests

banning the sale of indulgences okay and so with that you know some of these new religious orders you definitely want

to associate the jesuits and ignatius of loyola with the counter reformation and also

teresa of avila um who was a uh you know was a mystic and you know someone who reformed uh her

carmelite uh order of nuns and so we also want to note of the relationship between

baroque art and the catholic reformation the baroque was used it was appropriated by

absolutists and also appropriated by the catholic church and so with this berninis the ecstasy of saint teresa you

are seeing here that the catholic church what what is you know the protestants said

you can't have a good spiritual experience in the catholic church okay and so with

that on the catholic church is responding oh you know does it look like teresa of

avila's missing out on anything nope and so this is now one thing about baroque one thing that you

kind of see about baroque note the diagonal there are a lot of baroque paintings and

sculptures that there is instead of the renaissance art which goes into balance

the baroque is more of a diagonal and because you know basically there are a lot of like counter reformation

religious themes in baroque art and then the absolutist will appropriate baroque because

it is so grand it is such a grand style so that's something that is very important to note but uh you know these

uh for those of you that are you know that are preparing to review for some early material

um these are really great uh you know so of course pov me i helped make them but uh you know that's something i think

that you know also pov me i've been teaching ap euro for quite a long time now

and so from there ladies and gentlemen um i'm going to go ahead and uh you know head over to the art review but

we're going to see uh you know i have snap tom ritchie sc i don't really post there much but y'all

are free to follow it and remember to follow at marco learning on instagram they've got a lot of good

memes and that's going to be something that uh you know that is going to be uh be good

so with that ladies and gentlemen oh there is the guest there he is the meme king of instagram everyone do

we think marco is gonna get a one on tomorrow's exam

or a zero um those are really the only options at the paw prints i know tom you always talk about

positive scoring and the graders are on your side i'm hoping marco puts his um you know a couple of

little dirty hoof prints and some saliva close your mouth hey marco he doesn't see he's he's

really he first of all doesn't like being hoisted up like this but at this hour it's past his bedtime

he knows he needs to go study he wants to go study hard with you so tom um thank you so much best of luck for

everyone who's studying i'm going to spend a few minutes with everyone here i'm going to go through this

um the early units have a great night tom best of luck for everyone who's studying in tom's

session i'm john from marco learning i'm a european historian by training the founder of market learning and some

of you might recognize some of the tick tocks i've posted some of the things i put on our instagram

account if you don't follow us there definitely do that what i'm going to do real quick is i'm going to share my

screen i'm going to walk you through our two page cheat sheets for each of the units

and what we're going to do everyone is i'm going to give you guys a super fast crash course in what you need to

know for this exam is a basic level of themes if you've got questions and comments post them here if you're

enjoying the video press the like button let's get to work unit one is all about the

renaissance and there are two renaissances you need to know for the ap european history exam the first is the

italian renaissance it's more secular it's funded by money from merchants

it creates something called humanism the poster boy for this movement is petrarch there he is beautiful

beautiful robes nice little shoes petrarca he is in florence

reading the classics cree writing in modern italian or early modern italian and

he basically um sets the stage intellectually for the movement that will explode into this kind of art

this is italian renaissance art the school of athens there's plato and aristotle

in in a line in a single point perspective all of the lines converge in one space

this is the kind of art that we see in the 1500s defining the italian renaissance and

again these guides are all here for you this whole study guide pack is right here at the bottom of this page everyone

so um i'm gonna post that there so the thing you want to know about italian renaissance is humanism

petrarch it's funded by rich people like the medici and it gives us single point perspective and much prettier art

than the evil art i'm a medieval historian and um this is what i know um so the

um let's take a look at the northern renaissance which is different from the italian renaissance

the northern renaissance creates something called christian humanism which is more religious in

nature your poster boy for this is erasmus of rotterdam he's in the north

he has nice fur dirty dirty hands from all the writing he's doing he is translating the bible he is

criticizing the catholic church but from within so this first page of our study guide

pack on ap european history unit 1 defines the italian renaissance

as more backed by banking and more secular and the northern renaissance as more

uh religious in nature there's a section in unit one of the new monarchies the poster boys for this are henry viii and

elizabeth the first in england and ferdinand and isabella in spain here's what you need to know everyone

in the 1500s monarchs were getting more powerful henry was consolidating power ferdinand

and isabella were consolidating power more powerful monarchs in the 1500s in the middle ages

kings and queens were kind of weak in the age of exploration at the end of unit 1

europeans begin to expand all around the world this is another thing that marks the end of the middle ages

and we see the rise of the colombian exchange all these yummy things if earlier tom

was talking about frederick uh the great as the potato king um this is where potatoes are coming

from europeans are sending diseases in all of these products into the new world

you need to know about the slave trade and the colombian exchange everyone that's unit one in a nutshell

the italian renaissance happens first is more secular and better funded the northern renaissance is religious in

the north happens later monarchies get more powerful europeans begin to explore

okay unit 2 reformation the protestant reformation explodes when this guy

look at him gorgeous martin luther 1517 wispy bangs very interesting hat pins his 95

theses to the door at wittenberg cathedral i've been there it's a lot of fun

you actually have like it engraved in bronze or whatever the 95 theses these are ideas criticizing the catholic

church he launches the protestant reformation another thing that marks the end

of the middle ages we see in it wasn't just protestants criticizing the catholic

church the catholic church responds in the catholic counter-reformation the counter reformation is an

extraordinary moment where the catholic church especially in the council of trent

reforms itself from within so there's two reformations the outside one or the one that becomes

outside luther starts out catholic and does his own thing and the one that happens inside

along the way in unit two you've got to know about the wars of religion protestants versus catholics explodes

into violence so the um unit unit one is all about the renaissance

unit two is all about the reformation um and let's see i'm just gonna close off that's my discord server in fact

let me real quick if you all wanna if any of you wanna join our discord server i'm going to post that link in the chat

just once um you can jump into the conversation there unit one

renaissance unit two reformation another thing that happens and tom was just pointing this out

this is the ecstasy of teresa of avila excuse me the ecstasy at teresa of avila showing drama and tension and complexity

that's much more dynamic than what we saw in that earlier art there are two art movements that we've

covered so far in these study guides and again i'll just put this here this is the one at the bottom the european

history study guide pack two pages on each unit um and anyway so the first bit of art that

we covered was this kind of art italian renaissance art single point perspective

more beautiful more realistic classical themes by the time we get to the baroque period

a little bit later we're we have these words like um grandeur contrasts drama and tension

that create this much more emotional and dynamic response that's the second art movement

uh movement that's there um so wars of religion um and in fact you know what i'm gonna

do real quick um yeah the wars of religion as tom was saying earlier

the wars of religion um are about catholics versus protestants this you can see is the bartholomew's

day massacre people slaughtering each other in the streets of france this is what the edict of not and the

peace of westphalia seek to do to take religion away from being a source of war and make it something

that's much more about a tolerant and pluralistic future within europe

okay and i'm just going to check the chat um great it's great to see you all let me know how you're doing and if you

like this video press that like button subscribe to our channel we've got lots of exciting things going on here at

marco learning um what the movement of john calvin that tom was addressing earlier

um is is part of the conflict in france the final thing you want to know about is reformation society we cover this at

the bottom of unit 2 ap euro and the thing that you want to know

is that the protestant reformation does begin to change society people begin reading the bible

in the vernacular language in english in german in french women's education becomes very important

in the renaissance we see an idea of the family and marriage it's interesting because in

catholic theology marriage is a sacrament of the church in protestant theology it's not but it

takes on a new role protestants have a high vision of the family we also see the rise of new civic

government so all of this is happening it's fueled by the printing press the printing press

enables the text of the protestant reformation to spread it enables renaissance ideas to spread

and new images to move around okay so real quick um i'm just gonna check all this and let me know if

there's anyone i need to ban in the chat um i can't even tell there's there's so much going on so

unit 1 and unit 2 are here in our study guide pack you can just go download that now

let's talk about unit 3. there are two key terms in unit three which are absolutism and

constitutionalism let's start with absolutism and these beautiful tights and shoes of

louis coutures louis xiv to france he is your poster boy for absolutism and the name

is what it sounds like absolute monarchs have absolute power medieval kings weak early modern kings

starting to become more powerful powerful concentration of wealth pulling in all this information um and

that's a very important um thing that the consolidation of power the title the creation of the titles and

nobility the creation of versailles is absolutism constitutionalism is almost like it's opposite it's saying

royal power should be contained let's compress it down and so the constitutionalists begin to restrict

the power of monarchs to create um a parliament that

checks the power of the monarchy this by the way is an image i'll read it for you a lively

representation of the manner how his late majesty was beheaded upon the scaffold

january 30 1648 this is charles the first getting his head chopped off because

during the english civil war people begin to really undermine and unquestion an absolute monarch

so absolutism is the result of a consolidation of royal power they need money so they start taxing

they're expanding and building colonies so they want to concentrate power in it's a result of war it's a result of

colonization it's a result of new ideologies they claim something called the divine right

of kings god put me in power you can't take me out

so beheading your own king or as the founders of the united states did in attacking king george iii were

actually committing an act of treason against the god who put him in power constitutionalism was influenced by

enlightenment ideals we're going to get to people like john locke people who begin

to think rational written control of government is a good idea so

unit 3 is all about absolutism and constitutionalism that's its title another theme that's covered here is the

dutch golden age there's the dutch flag that's a dutch ship here's what you need to know about the dutch everyone

the dutch invented joint stock companies these companies were incredibly useful for con spreading risk around so like if

you put all your stuff on one boat and that boat sinks you lose all your stuff

but if 150 people invest in that ship together and the ship sinks you lost 100 1 150th that's the creation

of stocks or as they say on tick tock stunks so the dutch invent this

this fuels this tiny little country's economic growth and they're out in the indies west

indies and east indies doing all of this stuff so by the way it's great to see all

these wonderful beautiful people here in the chat i'm not ignoring you i'm just trying to

stay focused and cover this let me know if this is useful and what topics you guys want me to cover

we're in unit three i'm going to be going through the entire course here's a great little chart we have on

this ap euro study guide pack again it's at the bottom of this page um and you'll see in the study guide

pack the comparison between absolutist states and constitutional estates you know what

i'll do too for my screen i'll just zoom in a little bit more for y'all um make it a little bit clearer um

in in absolutist states the sovereignty the power you can see the word rain inside of it resides with the

monarch um in constitutional states the sovereignty

resides with the parliament so the this is basically the power of a sovereign is all in the

body of the king or queen just the one person that person gets sick

your country's in trouble in a constitutional state it's with parliament

one person gets sick in parliament who cares just replace them vote in somebody else

right this is a key thing to keep in mind another word you must know from unit 3 is mercantilism sometimes

pronounced mercantilism we should know it from american history it's basically the idea

that you'll have a successful country if you have a favorable balance of trade get yourself some colonies put some

tariffs on their goods export more than you import it's a great system it doesn't last forever

and it begins to get questions by people like adam smith who's saying don't expand out

focus on free markets mercantilism is about a an economic system built on colonies

and a favorable trade balance um let's see and great these are great questions

and topics i'm getting um and definitely check out i've got a playlist of tom's videos

on this channel there's actually on our channel we have all nine units tom spends about 10 minutes going through

them he's also got like 100 videos on his channel so if you're taking digital

and by the way if you're taking digital i'm just going to show you this article here i wrote an article for you all

about everything you need to do for the digital exam we've got a video we have all the basic details what you

need to do and then i wrote out strategies based on my years of experience guiding students through this

so this is in the description as well this is here for you let's move on to unit four um let's go to unit four

unit 4 is all about the scientific revolution and the enlightenment what you need to know about the

scientific revolution is that it invents the scientific method a way of knowing that uses experiments

and observation to tell us about the world we got people like galileo in that picture getting

yelled at getting attacked because he's challenging the geocentric theory the

idea that the world is uh the earth is the center of the universe rather than the sun

so those attacks on aristotelian thought on traditional biblical interpretation this transformation

by people like copernicus and galileo and newton is transformative in the scientific

revolution you'll see these words you need to know heliocentrism you need to know copernicus you need to know

galileo you need to know the scientific method william harvey also invents modern

anatomy the enlightenment is when you take that scientific rationalism

and you apply it to society you get people like adam smith john locke um jean-jacques

rousseau montesquieu you get the hobbs you get the characters of the enlightenment who

begin to say wait a second government shouldn't be about divine right of kings it should be

about a contract between the governor and the governed the

um the the idea that people have innate innate rights not arbitrarily selected by a king not

from some book of the bible but you have rights from nature itself the enlightenment is more

secular it uses scientific modes to help explain how the world is um so this is

covered in unit four you must know the scientific revolution and you must know the enlightenment two key words

and if you attach things to that it's gonna help you on the test tomorrow in terms of art this by the way is in

paris um i think this is the matalan this is neoclassicism

the re like 19th time that people look back to ancient greece and rome and straight up copy buildings all of

washington dc is neoclassical all the main buildings um the supreme court

the congress they're drawing from the classics in the 1700s george washington and all those people

were enlightenment children of the enlightenment who believed in this revival in art so

so far we've covered three movements and i actually skipped one real quick i'll just mention in the

dutch golden age ew whatever this is they painted naturalistic scenes

of real people and real little marcos in the corner um this is a this party this is

debauched um so but anyway the golden age paintings cover not just

royal fripperies like louis xiv the absolutist monarch of france but ordinary

scraggly looking people with food all over the floor and that's actually relevant for you to

know because the dutch develop a different style earlier we had seen and i know moving

quickly here bernini's baroque art which had much more drama and tension and the first thing that we had looked

at was this school of athens in the vatican by michelangelo um which is uh an

incredible um i mean raphael uh uh incredible painting that

um shows the creation of single point perspective um the sistine chapel by the way is just

a few door rooms down from this in the vatican so

another thing that happened and tom ritchie was mentioning this earlier when he was on

um the broadcast is the way that this works with enlightened absolutist monarchs monarchs who

maintain this power but then begin to take the principles of enlightenment um

okay let me just deal with that um let me see real quick um bestie john how do i not pass away

during the exam trust your training bro you're gonna do great um so definitely make sure that you um you

trust your your your own instincts with this you not you're not gonna need to know

everything and be perfect on test day one thing i want to tell you guys about real quick i took ap art history in high

school this is a flex in three i didn't take the class

study for three weeks got a four i binged on how to unlike the my textbook and

videos we used to watch like vhs videos and then i trusted myself and i did my best and i got 60 of the

multiple choice correct and that was enough for a four so back to unit four of ap euro

this is the enlightened absolutist monarchs people like frederick the greater prussia people

like catherine the great begin to implement reform programs we see that this is a word that sometimes

throws people secularization this cycle is the world around you so

secular is more worldly and less religious this ultimately leads to the french

revolution if you think about it weak medieval kings absolutist monarchs their overthrow in the french revolution

okay so um and let's see i'm just taking a look a lot of people

here by the way thank you all and i see one person doesn't like the video and 100 something you do

so thanks for liking the video um and and by the way i'm john from marco learning we've had

tom ritchie here earlier in the broadcast definitely check out the playlist i posted there

he's done a bunch of different uh reviews for us on our channel okay so uh a final point i just want to

say is this in the 1700s cities begin to grow we're about to get to industrialization

it's causing cities to grow we see the rise of new needs to um new ways of reforming this

um sorry the people you know the problem is people are calling me bestie are getting

my attention and i'm going to i'm just going to ignore the besties the on tick tock the descending order

hierarchy of names is bruh bro bestie um and then the last set would be like

you work for the college board which i don't um you work for the college board and i hate you

that was where where i was a couple months ago and by the way if you don't follow us on

instagram and tick tock we're gonna be posting updates doing after parties um and uh all sorts of things through this

summer and other ap exams as well okay so we are in this ap euro study guide pack

this this document right here that's on the market learning website the description

the link is in the description um and we've got um a the at the end of unit 4 this issue of

cities creating as a result of industrialization as a result of everything else

all of these different um problems like crowded cities and the need for public sanitation we also see the rise

of a new culture of salons and coffee houses where people are gathering together and spreading

these ideas one notable person you should definitely know is jean-jacques rousseau

who helps develop ideas of the social contract but who also believed that women

shouldn't be included in this story so this is this is an enlightenment that doesn't

quite catch up to full representation for women in public life okay

we're halfway through guys we're flying this is a this is a cram review unit 5 is all about the explosion of

violence at the end of the 18th century the american revolution

overthrows king george the third the french revolution overthrows louis the 16th and marie antoinette they get their

heads chopped off versailles gets stormed and it's an incredible

you know way that um if this whole thing kind of falls apart absolutism mercantilism and these systems um a key

word that you should definitely know um is capitalism which is a system in which you believe that by letting

business owners create their businesses build factories do all of these things

you create economic growth left unchecked and no one would dispute this left totally unchecked and unregulated

abuses can exist and that's where you get people working 14 hours a day you get business owners

exploiting their workers so capitalism is about to explode into its own problem into the 18 and 1900s

but this is where we are at the beginning of this this

issue we're about halfway through the course in the late 1700s we've got a french and american

revolution the french revolution um is an astonishing moment and compared to

the american revolution which a lot of us are familiar with it's a lot more violent and a lot more secular

at least in the american revolution they were pretending to or pointing in the direction of religion there were times

where in the french revolution at one point they were smashing the the statues on the facade of notre dame and

they turned notre dame cathedral in paris the great catholic cathedral

into a temple of reason and took the virgin mary notre dame our lady virgin mary down

and put like the goddess of reason or whatever there was a really incredible enlightenment moment it was

very short-lived as the french revolution progressed it basically cannibalized into itself

and it left us with this guy now we've been looking at people's clothing here he is the man of the hour nepali

bonaparte with his hand on his belly and his little tidy

whitey pant pants he becomes emperor of france um for about 15 years he rules over

france and begins to invade other countries and he invades spain which causes a backlash

he's in poland he's in all of these places and by the time 1815 rolls around it's

all exploded in failure and europe is being divided up at the congress of vienna

where uh prince medernick of austria is ushering in the age of matter make an attempt to build a map

that would keep the peace to keep it obey the forces of nationalism but nationalism which means love of

country had really developed as a response to the napoleonic moment the british

become more nationalistic the spanish become more nationalistic so this is unit 5. big picture of unit 5

french and american revolutions begin to undermine absolute monarchy mercantilism and the systems that that

ruled the world the bloody nasty french revolution ends up with napoleon which is more blood

a little more nastiness which ends with the 1815 congress of vienna you'll note in these

guides everyone that we put little timelines in here with quicky reviews of what you need to

know the one thing i would want to point out about art is romanticism romantic art look at this

guy look at this uh wander above the sea of fog

let's zoom on in here's a piece of art where the subject is facing away from you that's not how you

do art all the lines are blurry blurry that's not real art why is it important that the subject is turned away

slap in the middle of the canvas the fog rolling out in a very misty kind of way because the romantic era rejects the

enlightenment rationalism of straight lines and rules and classicism

and embraces sentiment and feeling and emotion romanticism in the 1800s is about your

soul and your heart being your guide not logic and reason and protractors so i'm just going to take a second there's

a lot of besties happening here in the chat which is extremely distracting um

uh let's see good um great thank you thank you and by the way there's people like putting

money donating money that's a very kind of you um definitely if you have not yet followed us

on our other platforms on instagram and tick tock do that um okay and we will by the way we're

going to post this review i'm also going to point out everyone the best if you are up if it is

only 725 in california right now you should go to our playlist and go to the description of this video

i'm gonna actually show you this right here okay this is our channel definitely

subscribe but look at this playlist there's there's my man tom richie doing these 10 minute 15 minute reviews

of every single unit in depth and there's me looking dorky we're going through all these different

parts this entire playlist is here for you check this out we go through each of the points of the

dbq and the leq which i can end with if i feel like staying up late with you all okay we

also have this in lang lit there's a dbq walkthrough where i take tom's rubric

and walk through it point by point i recommend this one i also for ap world uh actually this is an ap euro dbq

as well emily glankler from antisocial studies writes a full essay

and then i grade it that's a lot i think the dbq walk through and some of these unit reviews are a

better use of your time okay back to unit five the french revolution um

we see the rise of romantic art now we're in unit six this is a pretty straightforward unit

industrialization and its effects right the first industrial revolution begins um

thank you um it's the worst y'all are the worst with the besties thank you

cheers at least it's better than the bras that i get on from the tick tock bras

first industrial revolution begins around 1750 you should note that it begins in

england and it spreads outward radiates through the continent new technologies enable better farming

the rise of cities look at this lady she's working at a loom this is a very different situation women

would work agricultural jobs or they would work at home not in factories for long hours the

first industrial revolution is remaking england bigger cities better agriculture in the countryside

unsafe long working hours inside of cities a new class of people a new middle class

begins to emerge and and then era to an attempt to reform let's take a look at the second

industrial revolution this really the traditional dates you know that's not like perfect is 1870 to 1914 this is a

head later in the 1800s the ap euro curriculum

lumps the two together the first wave is about cotton gins and spinning jennies and looms

the second wave is about steel and railroads and really making those skyscrapers we get

telegraphs that move information around telephones that allow you to talk to people

hello um you know you can see this in the old movies where they they have like very primitive telephones in the 1930s

um those are invented in the late 1800s so the when you really look at the 1800s you're seeing

two phases at the beginning um is 1750 to 1830s that first uh revolution and then 1870 to 1914. in art you're

seeing also the rise of uh in the late 1900s of realism i mean look at this

here it is that's the face of all these people cram that's actually we should make a meme

out of this like ap euro kids at 10 28 p.m eastern standard time on the marco learning channel

um looking realistic studying for for ap euro um so the thing about about the industrial revolution and the rise of

capitalism is it does create backlashes the most significant one