Introduction to Finite Element Analysis | Complete FEA Course & Certification

hey guys and welcome to the full course on introduction to finite element analysis your gateway to mastering one

of the most powerful techniques in engineering analysis and problem solving this is a certified course so make sure

to fill out the form in the description after completing the session to claim your certificate you can proudly share

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insightful tutorials and updates on engineering tools and techniques hit the Subscribe button and stay tuned here's a

brief overview of what we will cover in this training video in the first chapter we will introduce you to the

fundamentals of finite element analysis you will learn about its purpose and significance in solving engineering

problems especially when analytical or experimental methods fall short we will discuss the different types of analyses

carried out in FAA including linear nonlinear Dynamic and thermal simulations this chapter will also cover

the stages of solving FBA problems from CAD modeling to results validation along with key Concepts like the equation of

motion and stiffness Matrix in the second chapter we will discuss the inputs needed to perform an FP analysis

you will learn about gometry requirements material properties boundary conditions and loading we will

also guide you through the basic basic process including meshing defining materials and sectional properties

solving equations and interpreting results in the third chapter we will explore the best practices in FAA

modeling and simulation this chapter will focus on how to set up simulations that mimic real world conditions verify

material properties avoid stress singularities and ensure convergence of results these practices will help you

achieve accurate and reliable simulations in the fourth chapter we will introduce

you to the current trends and growth opportunities in FAA we will discuss the increasing demand for FAA skills in

Industries like Aerospace Automotive construction and consumer electronics you will also learn about how

advancements in cloud-based systems and faster solvers are revolutionizing the FAA

landscape in the fifth chapter we will discuss the software tools used in FAA including industry favorites like Abacus

aners and hypermesh you will gain insights into how these tools are utilized in various domains to solve

real world engineering challenges in the sixth chapter we will explore the work opportunities and

industries for FAA Engineers you will discover how FAA is applied across sectors like Automotive Aerospace

biomedical and virtual engineering this chapter also highlights the critical skills you need to excel in this field

such as strong theoretical knowledge modeling expertise and proficiency with an FAA software thank you for joining us

we are thrilled to have you on this Learning Journey make sure to subscribe to our channel for more updates and

detailed tutorials complete the training earn your certificate and share your achievement on LinkedIn let's get

started with introduction to finite element analysis and unlock your potential in this exciting domain

welcome to this webinar and today we are going to have a webinar on uh the topic of basic introduction to FAA so uh in

this basically the uh main objective or a main agenda of this will be to give you some brief idea uh of the FEA like

um brief idea about the FAA and this basically uh this will divide uh this webinar is divided into three sessions

so first session is Introduction to FAA in which I'm going to cover introduction to finite element analysis

type of analysis which are carried out in the FAA stages to perform any FAA problem we what we need what input we

need to perform that FAA problem basic process summary and then basic key Concepts like uh equation of motion or

stiffness Matrix how it get formed and how we can apply the stiffness Matrix while calculating doing the FAA

calculations and then I'm also going to share best practices uh for modeling or simulating your FAA in section two is a

opportunities for fa Engineers so there I'm going to discuss about current trends and growth opportunities for FAA

engineers then what softwares you should learn in the FAA or what are the current uh softwares in the market I'll give you

that information then uh what are the work opportunities and interest days in which we are widely using the Fe

nowadays and then I'll also share some critical skills required to get into this domain so that uh when you come

here or uh when you start exploring this field you will come with some uh background or some um basic

prerequisites and then the last will be the question answer session as uh over there if you have any doubt you can just

uh drop it into the chart box and then at the end of the seminar I'll try to address uh those queries so this is how

our uh big basic webinar is going to look today and Main objective of this webinar is to provide the basic overview

process of the FAA uh so when you complete this webinar you will have some idea about the FAA process what is FAA

and how we carried out that then basic key concepts of the FEA uh so if you start studying the feia this will uh

definitely help you then provide the opportunities uh information about the opportunities for FAA Engineers uh and

then critical skills required to succeed in the as a FAA Engineers so all this my main objective is to provide you all

these insights so uh so that you will have some good learning about the FEA today so let's begin with our section

one that is Introduction to FEA okay in first section first of all I want to uh

basically tell you that why we need FAA FAA why we need FAA so in engineering problem or as a mechanical engineer our

Duty or when we are into core mechanical thing our main objective is to design the component to design the equipment so

that it can sustain under given load conditions with without occurring any kind of uh failure or if there is a

failure we should be aware that how much load it will take before it will actually fail so that information we can

get uh when we want to have that information we can get that information by using solution using either strength

of material or theory of elasti are normally accomplished for the regions and loadings with relatively simple

geometry we can get that information from the strength of material but that is very relatively we can use

that for very simple applications because that is a formula bested and we have

uh that is a basically simple uh geometry we can say those formulas are applicable basically so when uh in many

applications involve cases with complex shapes and boundary conditions and material Behavior therefore we can say

that in uh theoretically we can solve simple problem but practically when we come uh in in the Practical component

design world we have the different scenarios different complex uh component is there complex geometries are there

the complex uh boundary conditions and loading conditions are there and we are we want to uh predicted results for all

these different scenarios and at that time it is uh at that time it is kind of difficult or uh let's say not

kind of ult or we can say impossible to com uh do it with the uh when we use the analytical method and therefore we can

say that the Gap exists between uh what is needed in the application and what can be solved by analytical close form

methods so and this this Gap actually uh leads to the development of several numerical methods and uh finite element

element method or finite element analysis is one of the numerical method method so here is a brief introduction

of why we need FEA or what is the need of FEA basically uh to summarize we can say

that to solve any engineering problem there are three types of method so first is analytic analytical method second one

is numerical method and third one is experimental method and each of this method has its own uh positives and

negatives so if you go with the analytical method analy analytical method is a classical approach where we

are using the closed form equation to solve any kind of uh problem and uh where you know the error is zero because

you are 100% accurate you have the um geometry you have the formulas and you're just solving it so that is 100%

accurate but that is only valid for simple geometries because for complex geometries you cannot do those complex

calculations by hand [Music] second method is numerical method so in

this numerical methods what we do is it's a mathematical representation of physical problem then it's a approximate

assumptions mode it is applicable even if physical prototype is not available so when we say it is approximate

assumptions mode it means that we uh there are assumptions which we uh take into the considerations like material or

boundary conditions but those assumptions are very close to the real life problems so in that case though we

have some assumptions but still we can trust those results uh then it applicable if uh physical prototype is

not available we can have the cad model and we can solve that we don't need any physical prototype for that then solve

real life complicated problems and any kind of scenario actually we can uh simulate with the numerical method but

the results cannot blindly uh trusted we must verify with the experimental methods or with the hand calculations

for the uh for the validation so we can say it is it has very wide scope but we also uh cannot

blindly trust it but we uh can get the solutions for a lot of uh problems by using numerical method then the third

method is uh experimental method in experimental me method is a actual measurement method which we do in the

lab then but it is very time consuming and it needs actual setup it needs a lot of uh lot of prototypes we need at least

three to five prototypes we have to test before we actually uh say the results are looking good or results are

trustworthy we have to at least go for three to five prototypes and it involves a lot of cost also as well as time and

uh basically the biggest disadvantage I can say for the experimental method only experimental method if we trust that we

need lot of if we want to go with lot of design iteration then it takes a lot of time to complete that prototype and uh

which involves to cost as well as time so uh experimental method is there but it is very time consuming so if we

compare all these three methods so out of that I numerical method is one of the best method which we are using nowadays

to solve any engineering mechanic engineering problem

then what are the different numerical methods we are having uh nowadays so we are having finite element method

boundary element method finite volume method and finite difference method in finite element method we find the

approximate solutions to the boundary volum problems for partial differential equations we actually here try to solve

the partial differential equations in finite element analysis then uh in boundary element method we uh

analysis is done on the only on the outer surface of the body then in the finite volume method it

is mainly suitable for computational fluid dynamics and finite difference method is in that method we solve the

differential equations not the differential equations so if we compare this foral method we can say that uh in

boundary element me we can we are just solving it for the outer domain so what is happening inside the body have the

visibility by using the boundary element method so over there we get the restriction for that method volume

method is mainly used for the computational FL Dynamics so uh if you have the structural problems you cannot

go with that method then finite difference method here you actually solve the differential equations and it

is very difficult to solve the differential equation for complex geometry for simple geometry you can do

that but for complex geometry it is really difficult so uh the finite element method which is basically depend

on the solving the partial differential equation is the best method out of all these four which can give you most

accurate results so and that's why finite limit method is so widely we are using in the industry so for fluid

dynamics problem we use the uh fvm that is finite volume method and for structure related problems for thermal

related problem we go with the finite element method as those are the methods which will give you the best results for

any mechanical problem then uh now let's dig more into what is

finite element analysis so the finite element analysis is a

numerical method for solving a problem of engineering and mathematical physics for given structure the behavior

of the structure can be described by governing partial governing differential equations to approximately predict the

behavior of the structure it is necessary to find a solution of governing part differential equations so

basically finite element method is based on the discretization of the actual domain so

what we we can summarize in a simple term is that that in a uh a problem domain is a collection of subdomains

like uh if we have the big component or big domain we are going to divide that or discretize that

into number of subdomains called elements we're going to solve the problem at each subdomain then assemble

the assemble element to find out the global solution then assemble those equations Elemental level equations to

find the global solution solution is guaranted to converge uh to the correct solution if proper Theory element

formulation and solution procedure are followed so uh this is basically uh FAA that we have for continuous problem we

have um a number of uh particles we have a number of particles like infinite degrees of freedom we can say it is not

possible to solve those infinite number of solutions so what we do with the discretization we are cutting the

geometry into number of pieces we're trying to solve those uh for that subdomain we assemble those subdomain

together to define the entire geometry uh and then uh we solve the unknown basically uh which uh we need

from the [Music] simulation advantages of f analysis is

product performance basically how is for the given load how your product is going to perform how the stresses are looking

how uh the strain is how is the displacement is so uh basically validate Your Design reduce the raw material if

you find the stresses are too stresses are very low for the given material we can definitely play with the thickness

or other parameters so that we can cut down on the material and we can save the cost over there ensure optimal design

best possible design by using the FAA we can we can give the optimal design then uh we can use this method for

verification purpose it reduces manual testing and prototyping type because it is cut down on number of iterations

design iterations which you will actually need to build the Prototype so over there you're saving lot of time and

cost and you are giving the quick Solution by using this method does what if

scenario so you can uh study different type of scenarios by using the final element analysis method and you can

fullprof your design by uh by applying those different scenarios and seeing the results for those scenarios and validate

your component is going to sustain for those particular scenarios also and it shorten the design time absolutely it

shorten the design time no doubt about it so these are the advantages and they are very

uh promising advantages and because of that we can save a lot of time lot of cause and a lot of efforts also so no

definitely and that's why nowadays we are using uh final element analysis method so widely in the industry then uh

type of analysis which we carried out are generally linear analysis nonlinear analysis Dynamic analysis buckling

analysis thermal analysis fatigue analysis crash analysis and NV analysis so I would like to give a brief summary

about each of this so in linear static analysis basically what we consider is that our load whatever we are applying

is constant throughout the time it is not varying with respect to Time Force versus displacement PL if you plot Force

versus displacement it has a linear curve linear graph for Force versus displacement as a linear relation

between them uh what is what does it mean is like if uh for one newton Force if you're getting 2 mm displacement then

for two Newton Force you're are going to get 4 mm displacement that is a linear um linearly related Force versus

displacement ratio then we can assume that all the uh it has all the linear properties like it constant it has

material properties which are constant throughout the simulation it geometry is not changing uh it geometry is not

changing and it is not going under um any nonlinearity uh in this simulation so it

is kind of very simple analysis uh which we assume it is very easy to solve basically for the software and uh over

here we can also apply the um superposition method and um the results can be scalable actually uh so the

results can be scalable and superposition method we can apply over here so uh this is basically linear

static analysis but it is only valid for uh where you have the constant material properties and where you have the um not

complex contacts are there no nonlinear it is present over basically over there for that kind of scenario linear

analysis or linear static analysis we can say is very helpful then for nonlinear analysis uh

nonlinear analysis is the analysis in which basically the we can say that uh load is

constant but load what we are applying is incremental in the software then we can

say that Force versus displacement ratio is not linear in this case it is nonlinear we are going under geometry is

going under large deformation so because it is going under large deformation we have to consider the geometrical

nonlinearities the changing shape shape of the geometry we have to consider that when we are doing the FAA then we also

here we also consider the nonlinear material properties uh so we can say that we have to specify the material

Behavior after uh once it crosses the yeld Point what is the behavior that behavior we have to Define when we are

saying nonlinear material properties in the material like we have to specify the um I will come to that but uh it like

plastic strain and uh yield strength we have to specify for nonlinear material proper nonl analysis and then over here

we also consider the boundary nonlinear means uh if the components are changing their contacts we are considering all

those effects into this analysis so in this analysis you can find out lot of conversion issues um and a lot of skill

required to perform nonlinear simulation then Dynamic simulation is basically um where load is going to vary with respect

to time and here the type of simulations We performed is model simulation frequency response simulation uh and

basically we also study in different type of vibrations in Dynamic analysis then buckling analysis is one thermal

analysis where we want to find out the stresses occurred in the component when the temperature is changing so what are

the effect of the temperature changes on the uh stresses that study we do using the thermal analysis then uh basically

thermal analysis is useful uh useful for uh core engine components it is very very useful in alysis then uh for large

data centers uh enclosures I must say thermal analysis is a very very important analysis

[Music] then ftig analysis ftig analysis is generally for uh to find out the life

cycle um for rotating components ftic analysis is very useful then uh crash analysis for car collision generally we

go for crash analysis then enas analysis so and there are many more but these are the most popular and most uh used

analysis which we do uh in the f then uh now as we have little bit idea about why we do FAA or what is FAA I

going to go more details that stages of FEA so uh there are basically I say four stages of FEA like

we need a cad model to build the FAA we have to do the pre-processing we're going to solve the solution and then the

post processing these are the four main stages to perform any F simulation so CAD data we have to take from the uh

CAD Department then uh pre-processing is the one uh cat data is like geometry we are

having our geometry to perform the FEI then we in pre-processing first step is that discretization that is a mission we

have to divide that domain into number of subdomain so that we can defi Define our problem more properly so that's why

our uh and we can solve our partial differential equations and that's why discretization is very important step in

the pre-process uh in the FAA if you reprocessing then apply the boundary conditions before applying the boundary

condition you have to specify the properties like um so what are the sectional properties

for this component what are the material properties you have to define the them then you will go for the boundary

conditions and loading and then solution what type of solution you want uh that is there you have to specify the uh load

step and you have to uh you have to specify the step basically where you will Define what type of analysis I want

to do and uh what will be the output I'm interested in all that data you will provide over there then after that we

will go for the solution where software will actually run the program at the back end and try to solve all those

partial differential equations and give you the result for entire domain in the form of displacement

stresses and strength then in the postprocessing we are going to review the results validate the

results and if we have if we are finding the stresses are too high or we are not uh the results are not satisfactory and

we have to do some design changes then again again you will go back uh to the CAD cycle and again you have to go for

the C modification again pre-processing so this cycle keeps repeating unless and until you find

the you find the correct [Music]

solution then in input needed to perform input needed to perform fa so here I'm going going to tell you more in

detail about uh geometry that is what we need is a 3D CAD model in the sectional

properties I I will need for the 1D beam element I'm going to for 1D element like beam Element Bar element Tres element

spring element what I will need is their sectional properties to define the component or to Define that in a

complete uh in a complete manner so that I can do the calculations on that if I'm having the beam 1 beam element so for

that I will need the area as a sectional property sometime moment of enertia I I will need to Define that element for

spring I will need the spring stiffness then for 2D element I will need the thickness because I'm having the 2D

element I'm having the surface but I will need the thickness to Define that geometry completely into the fa domain

so that it will do the calculations which I need for 3D element you don't need to do any sectional properties

because 3D element it's is a uh it's completely defining the geometry so for that you don't need any kind of

sectional properties but after the geometry you will need the sectional properties and these sectional

properties you can take from the cad and it is always good to verify that with the um your CAD department and

understand what your considerations are correct or not then the third one is material in the material material for

linear analysis I'm going we have to use the young modulus and poison ratio these are the two main material properties

basically when we give this two material properties other properties it will calculate automatically based on

the based on the equations other equations and relations we can find out uh other properties but uh basic need is

Young modelist and poison ratio then nonlinear uh analysis we have to uh y modulus poison ratio yield stress and

plastic stren we have to Define for the dynamic analysis you will need along with the dung models and poisons ratio

you will also need the density because in Dynamic analysis you are also going to uh consider the effect of inertia and

for that density is important uh so we have to specify the density when we are going for dynamic analysis and then the

thermal analysis basic is coefficient of thermal expansion and for the boundary conditions you will specify the

temperatures now when we say we will need the load also once you do uh the first three steps after that you have to

Define what load is going to apply on the on the structure then uh for that load can say that structural loads are

forces applied to the part or assembly during the operation such loads cause stresses deformation and displacement in

the component so we have to basically study with that applied load what are the stresses deformation and uh Strain

coming in the component in the given component basically uh and the type of loads can be inertial inertial load

structural load structural supports and thermal load these are the loads which we have to specify then boundary

conditions are also very important and the test data the boundary conditions are the most important uh actually uh

the thing in this uh because if we miss to give the boundary conditions we can uh end it with a lot of numerical errors

uh while solving the simulation basically uh when we Sol the linear and nonlinear static simulation at that time

you will end up with lot of Errors if you miss to give the bounding conditions in the boundary conditions we are

basically defining the type of supports uh Which object will have it can be a fixed support it can be a support

constraint it can be a pin support or r or roller support but we have to Define whatever is the support we have to

Define that support um and apply the load so that in that way we are actually simulating that uh actual behavior of

the case then we will need the test data it is always good to have test data for validation purpose because when you will

get your fa results it's always good to cross check with the test data so that uh you will be assured that whatever

calculations you are doing are correct correct or whatever assumptions you have considered are correct and here also we

say that with the test data or with the hand calculation there can be plusus 10% error is acceptable uh

but but it is always good to have less error uh than that so these are the uh basic input

requirement for the FAA then I'll go with the basic process summary for the FAA

so in that uh now this is kind of technical so in that what first step is that domain discretization that is what

we are doing as a Ming then select the element type here we are defining the shape function and we are defining how

that element is going to behave or what type of behavior that element is going to capture uh by selecting the type of

element then we are defining the geometry as well as the behavior actually by selecting the element then

we are uh deriving the element equations uh the third step is deriving the element equation first step is

assemble those element equation in the form of global system so in this we are after that we are going to f uh solve

the stiffness Matrix like uh this equation we can say this is the equation for static analysis like KU is equal to

F is the uh static analysis equation which we uh SOL at the back end so K is nothing but the stiffness property of

the Matrix U is the nodal displacement Vector f is the noal force Vector the fifth step will be incorporate boundary

condition boundary and initial condition that will be our fifth step then solve the assembled equations

uh solve the system of equation for unknown noal and then the displacement uh first of all we will solve it for the

uh noal displacement and then we are go from the noal displacement we will go with the strain and from the St strain

relationship we will find out for the stress so that will be our sequence actually in the back end so uh the logic

behind fa is this why uh how the actually software will solve this equation is uh this is the summary form

[Music] so uh I also want to tell you in brief that when I

say I want to tell you the steps like uh again in another words like first step will be the discretization second step

will be the defining the global displacement Vector U that Define the element properties and material

properties fourth will be compute the element stiffness Matrix fifth will be compute the singular global stiffness

Matrix six sixth point will be Define the boundary conditions to remove all free body motions because when we will

have the stiffness Matrix it will be without boundary condition so what does it mean that it will have the rigid body

motion that you don't have any constraint so when we are applying the load the body will move as a rigid body

motion with the rigid body without any deformation or without any strain so and in that case software cannot solve that

equation then compute the non- singular Global stiffness Matrix then Define the external load and compute it solve the

static equilibrium equations compute the displacement uh compute the compute the displacement vector and after that

compute the other V uh other outputs like stress and strain and uh contact pressure and all other things you can

definitely go ahead and uh use that then here I want to uh explain you that basically what is stiffness Matrix when

we go for stiffness Matrix what is stiffness Matrix or how that stiffness Matrix is going to solve your equation

so let's consider this is a spring the stiffness matric constraint the geometry and material Behavior information that

indicate the resistance of the element to deformation when subjected to the Loading so if I how we form the sience

Matrix here I want to explain you that so consider this is a spring it has the point one and two we can consider that

as a node one and node two these two nodes we are going to attach with the spring this is our element basically

which has the two nodes then we are applying the force F1 at node one we are applying the force FS2 at node 2 because

of force one we are getting the U1 displacement and because the force 2 we are getting the U2 displacement so if we

solve the equilibrium at node one the equation what we will get is fub1 is equal to ku1 minus ku2 and at note two

the equation we will get is FS2 is equal to minus ku1 plus ku2 if we go ahead and form the Matrix with this equilibrium

equations we can also write in The Matrix form for easy solution so we are going to write in The Matrix form so in

that case we will have the K as a stiffness Matrix we will have the displacement Matrix we will have the

force vectors nodal Force Vector so that is the Matrix will look like K minus KU minus k k then U1 U2 is equal to fub1

and FS2 this will and this will form KU is equal to F is the equation basically or is the Matrix which we are going to

solve solve uh for the linear analysis basically this equation is only valid for static analysis not uh linear but uh

static analysis like linear as well as nonlinear static analysis this is the equation but the difference here is that

for linear analysis the stiffness is going to be constant throughout the simulation and for nonlinear analysis

the stiffness is going to change continuously and for that you have to um with every increment you have to solve

the stiff Matrix for nonlinear simulation then for stiffness Matrix I want to give you more information like

how we arrive with our sness Matrix or what is the sness Matrix means for so dis we know that deflection or

displacement is equal to PL upon AE that is force uh into length divided by area into y modulus then if we we also know

that uh K is nothing but Force required to produce unit displacement so if we write P ided by D what we will get is

that AE by L so this a by L we are going to put in this uh stiffness Matrix basically

instead of K we are going to write AE into L because when we are having the FEA we know the material properties and

we know the geometry and through which we are going to define the stiffness Matrix over there and displacement is

unknown forces we know f F1 and F2 and and we know the stiffness Matrix so we have we will invert the stiffness Matrix

over here to find uh the U1 and U2 we will invert the stiffness Matrix we will create the equation we will solve for

unknown U1 and U so unknown U2 so what are the properties of the stiffness Matrix stiffness Matrix is symmetric

what does it mean this is consequence of the symmetry of the forces like equal and opposite

to ensure the equilibrium and that's why we can say that stiffness Matrix is symmetric uh if you say the stiffness

Matrix is symmetric 1 minus one minus one and one the stiffness Matrix is symmetric diagonally

then Matrix is singular it means that when you find the determinant of that Matrix you will get

as a zero and you cannot solve that and therefore uh not invertible you cannot Sol it that is because the problem as

defined is incomplete and does not have the solution no constraint are applied to prevent a rigid body motion to the

system hence boundary conditions are required so that is why we need the boundary condition to avoid any kind of

non- Singularity uh so to have the non- singular Matrix it is important to apply

the boundary conditions then system Matrix is simply a superposition of individual element stiffness Matrix with

proper assignment of element nodal dis Ms and Associated stiffness coefficient to system nodal

[Music] displacement these are the properties of the stiffness Matrix then we are going

ahead and I want to share the most important terms of in the fa that is nodes and elements so what are the nodes

so here we can say this is a node node is a coordinate location in a space where the degree of freedom and physical

properties like stress temperature velocity Etc are defined what does this mean is that node is a location

basically where we are applying the where it will have the degrees of freedom what is me degrees of freedom it

means that if you have the any point you need some coordinates or XY system to Define that c point in a space so for

the for the point for the point you will have the two degrees of freom that is X and Y if you consider a line you will

have x and y coordinate along with that you have to also specify what is the angle for the for that line so that is

what the degree of Freedom means how many uh parameters you will need to define

the body completely into space is nothing but the degrees of freedom and our calculations we can do at those noal

points and basically displacement we find at the nodal points and sequentially stresses and Str also we

found always at the node location and then what is the element an element is a mathematical entity that defines how the

shape and physical property of an internal point is interpolated from the node positions and physical

properties what does this mean is that basically numerical method is a discretization

method of a continuous domain okay so that your computer will understand understand uh that language then the

result of this discretization mesh is composed of node located in the space connected with the entities called

elements so results of the discretization is nothing but a mesh what we get is a mesh which is composed

of nodes located in a space and those nodes we are nodes we are connecting with the entity called elements so uh

basically we are connecting two nodes two points with the entity that entity is nothing but the element then the

calculations are basically done at the node and interpolated through the element so we are going to do all the

calculation mostly at the node location and then the results will get interpolated for that particular element

but whenever you are addressing any displacement or stress we always review the nodal results therefore accuracy of

the results is depending on the number of of nodes used to discretize the system because more number of nodes more

accurately you are going to capture the geometry and more accurate results you are going to

have then these are the different type of elements like line element 2D element and 3D

elements uh so line elements are nothing but the 1D elements like beam element string element 2D elements are the

planer elements and the 3D elements are the uh planer elements that are triangular or quadrat in with a specific

thickness and the brick element 3D plate element are like that 3D Shell element and 3D uh brick element like includ 3D

Volume with four five six or eight Corner nodes so these are uh we can say

different type of elements uh this is line element 1D element and uh this is 2D Tria element this is 2D quad element

this is 3D Tetra element then we have the uh this is a linear and this is we can say uh quadratic or parabolic so

here we have the uh again only the it's like we will have extra nodes on this like extra computation points uh where

we are going to do the calculations so accuracy of these elements like um will be higher as compared to the uh linear

element quad uh quadrilateral elements will always have higher accuracy so so and uh this is the example of that and

here we can say this is a pentti element 3D pentti element this is uh this is 3D quad

element basically or hex element then this is the example of uh this is the example of the mesh

component so let's see this is a part and what we are doing we are Ming the uh component it means you are dividing the

geometry with these whatever you're saying in the gray uh line these are the elements basically and the point which

is connecting those elements are nothing but the node over here so this is how our 3D mesh model will look then what

best practices we do is like uh setup simulation to match real world uh problem basically best practices uh is

that set up the simulation in such a way that you will capture the real life scenario as much as possible then verify

the material properties it is important because uh your accuracy of the results is depend on material properties your

geometry your sectional properties whatever you considering on that only your accuracy of the FAA is depend so it

is important to verify the material properties use engineering knowledge and judgment then avoid putting load on

nodes or small ages because if we put the load on the small Edge you will end up with the stress Singularity error

then uh and that will be unrealistic uh stress which we are getting because you are applying the no uh load at only one

location and you will end up not capturing the actual Behavior then choose uh formulation type like linear

on or nonlinear that that is linear element or [Music]

um linear element or quad queral element that is the meaning of that quadrilateral elements

will give the good results but that is also it's also depend on analysis to analysis then identify the stress

singularities ensure your results converge properly 100% your results is going to converge that you have to uh

understand so these are the best practices which uh you generally do while you're doing the FEA

[Music] now we're going with the section two uh here I'm going to share the current

trends and opportunities for the FAA so I want to tell you that uh for the here we can say that what was market

share for 2019 how it was looking so for finite element analysis segment uh is dominated in uh in 2019 and this is

because of the cloud-based system because now we have the the large storage system we have the faster uh

solvers to solve and uh that's why our efficiency is increasing and we can do more and more fa work the automotive

segments held the do held the dominant share in 2019

uh and then the Aerospace sector is expected to witness the high growth rate over the

forecast period uh the Aerospace sector yeah because that is one of the booming sector in which we are using the F out

is a lot then Asia Pacific and South Asia America are poised to emerge as a lucrative region markets for CA

softwares over the forecast period so I must say that these are the regions where uh Asia or South America these are

the regions where fa is going to use very widely in near future then key players in the market which includes uh

cens EXA Corporation MSC software corporation and uh ESI Group which is from France so these are the key players

but there are so many players in the industry present so these are the current trends so from here we can uh

conclude that IFA in near future fa is having a lot of bright future if if anybody want to pursue the career uh in

the field of FAA it is a right time then current trend and opportunities for FAA in this we are now next we are going to

see what are the softwares which we are uh which are in the market so these are the softwares like we are mostly using

nowadays aaka standard and explicit anwers hyperm solid work nran Ana LSD matlb NX ideas

fluent Opti stru patran Pro mechanica radios unigraphics so these are the softwares which are B basically most

widely getting used in the field of FAA nowadays to uh to solve any problem then work opportunities and industries so FAA

is basically everywhere in all Industries nowadays we are uh using FAA to get more trustworthy

results so we can say Aerospace industry Automotive off Highway construction medical devices consumer electronics

civil engineering electrical engineering by biom medical and virtual engineering for virtual engineering nowadays

Facebook is a very uh emerging partner for the um they have they are doing a lot of virtual engineering work

nowadays uh and then electronic consumer electronics like companies like uh Microsoft Amazon they are there

Aerospace Boeing is there and many other Airbus and many other components are there many other companies are there for

automotive we can say um Chrysler caterpillar Chrysler come they are all there for automotive and engines

basically then off Highway construction equipments caterpillar is there and like that it has lot of scope lot of scope

and uh as people are getting more and more aware about it this technology is getting very famous uh

then if you want to like Lear the FEA what skills or what stages you should take so Fe learning process is like

stage one stage two stage three stage one will be learning FAA Theory so this is like a very basic introduction which

I am giving right now but FAA is a very very vast subject so learning FAA theory is very important so in that case you

have to understand exactly what are the nodes what are the elements what are the partial differential equations what are

the integration points what are the shape functions how we are calculating different theories and what is the logic

behind it how we formulate the stiffness Matrix for complex uh complex problems so all those thing you have to study uh

so it is good to go with the basic theoretical knowledge about the FAA then second point you have to be uh you have

to be good with the modeling practice learning proper modeling practice like based on the shape of the geometry you

should able to decide what type of elements you are going to use how your geometry will be then uh what type of

behavior you want to capture for that what type of elements you are going to use and all that what how how different

type of connections you are going to Define uh how you are going to simulate your entire complex model or complex

assemblies that you should be very very have good knowledge about or if you want to do the meshing how you can control

the number of nodes or number of elements by uh but you also give the high quality so all that judgment have

to have good knowledge about then learning how to use the fa software is the part but how to use the fa software

you can learn eventually once you get into the FAA but having the good theoretical knowledge about the FAA and

good modeling pra uh techniques knowledge of good modeling techniques is like a very important skills which you

should have and then apart from that you you should be good or have basic fundamental knowledge about Statics

mechanics of material Dynamics machine design and Engineering Graphics U to succeed in this field so I must say that

if you can learn on all this or get some basic idea you can definitely get into FEA and be successful in this field

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