Comprehensive Overview of Terpene Diversity and Biosynthesis in Plants

[Music] [Music] hello welcome to uh nptl online

certification course on pharmacognosy and metabolic engineering this is lecture number

39 where I'll cover the diversity of sarpin D Tarpin TR Tarpin and polypin I have mentioned about these uh

terminologies in one of the previous classes so what I'm going to cover we'll cover briefly the biosynthesis of c

cpin and then we'll see the product diversity of C tpin then we'll see the product

diversity of D Tarpin and tri ppins and finally I will give you a brief outline about

polypin so let's go to the board that is squins biosynthesis

and product diversity

of SQ Tarpin so CES Tarpin are C15 compounds which I have already mentioned in one of

the previous classes and it also there is an enzyme called sarpin

synthes uh and the substrate is file pyrophosphate so fares pyrophosphate is formed

from D map p dimethy alile pyrophosphate and the enzyme will be file pyrophosphate

synthes a PS and which requires

two molecules of Ip 2 into IP so that means DM p p is C5 and 2 IPP means 2

into C5 so total 15 carbons leading to the formation of this fpps skeleton which will act as the

substrate for cesarin synthes

I just use the is should go down up to this

much it come here go down go down so this is basically the

structure of file pyrophosphate uh

fpp I'll write the full name here or file D

foser if are in okay n is missing sorry

okay this will be converted into different uh C typin molecules so here

I'm not discussing the reaction mechanism so I will first put the sepal products which form from

file uh phosphate so one main example is your faresin so

fessing structure I'll draw it here it is pretty similar to fpp

this is alpha alpha fing

so apart from this another major structure which is of common occurrence is beta kop

filing so this is the

problem this is the structure of beta

kopil beta c a r y o p h y l l e n e so and

another representative structure I will draw here which I will draw as Bab

bolon this is Alpha

Visa B okay any more interesting one is another

interesting one is Humulin I can also put it J and jarma I also need to put it so

this five structures only I will show one is one is jarma

cream okay let us draw the Humulin

h u m u l e n e and finally I will draw the structure of jarmak so the jarmak

yeah this is the structure of

yac so these are all volatile compounds and you will find it in different plants

Alpha harnessing you will find in uh so many plants particularly you will find in the routesy plants in the orange

family kopin also you will find there you'll find in the docas karota uh and isab bolon you will find

in several species including the santalum jarmac also is a common say sarpin which is also found in different

floral scent and Humulin is specific for the Hops so in the Hops flower you'll find Humulin and the product diversity

is much more in cins than that of monins although formation is a bit more

complex okay uh now uh of course there are uh these are

all uh the volatile cins but apart from that there are several nonvolatile C cpin also exists

and that act as defense compounds and it accumulates in different plants in different

tissues uh so that also I will list it up but before for that uh okay let us go to the next

slide so here what I'm going to show that from

uh gpp uh from AP that is parile pyro phosphate uh there are

different cation generated for example one is jarmac cation which contributes to jine and

related compounds so that I'm going to show you so from jmac cations uh

different uh product formation of occurs for example

uh from jarmac Kon apart from jine a which is g e r m

a c r e n a jine a jine b and jarine c are also produced

jine D are also produced see I'm not showing so apart from jine a both jine B and

jarine uh D are produced by uh uh different rearrangements of the uh skeleton which originated from gerac

C so from jarine a the pathway contributes towards the formation

of apep aristol loin and that finally lead to the formation of

capc DL whereas from jarine

a uh two more root originates in this way one in this way

the short root contributes towards the formation of paranoide

whereas the other root from here guile cion is produced g u a i y l y

i cat is produced and from there

it produces Marti Martis

Martis and from Martis shulin is

produced now Martis and chulin basically are the component of marara

chamoma so the scientific name of the plant is the the English name is German chamomile so the scientific name

is MTI Kia

cha which is called German chamomile or German chamomile so the English name

is c h a m o m i l

e okay and from AP

another C is form which is jarmac C okay J okay J okay jarmac Caton I have

said jarm Kon also contributes to uh

pul so jarmak K also contributes to pul so I'll put another arrow here which

will make p a t c h o u l o l so this is basically

a right cyclic SQ

Tarpin and this is very important because it is used as perfumy raw

material and it is also the major component of P

Oil is poon cin is the scientific

name okay now from fpp

another cation form which is called baboli cation

Bab cation and from babile cation uh two different Roots

originate one contributes to bisabolol [Music]

so I put it Alpha bisabolol b i s a b o l o l and

that eventually formed babal oxide a bisabolol oxide B

Alpha [Music] Bol oxide

a and Alpha bisa

B oxide B whereas the other root

contributes towards the formation of arine

so I put the arrow in this way so this makes first

amorpha amha 41 Dian

that subsequently converted to aric

acid meic sorry problem with the

p a it and arisc acid arine is produced a r

t a r t e m i s i n i n AR Miss in so put the

arrow now AR Miss is basically a Chinese uh medicine from obtained from the plant

which is called timia anua sorry I have to use the different color

this is the English name is called sweet word mode the ch Chinese name of arimin is

King Hau so we will not write that it's such a difficult to pronounce so this is from AP

different cat formed as a result of this parine synthes reaction one major is this gerac C another one is Bab babile

cion from the jarmac C we will see the formation of jine parano capsidiol

Martis and chulin so chulin and Marine are the component of this marara essential oil whereas capsidiol

is basically a uh uh phyto alexin compounds which accumulated in the

plants to protect against a fungal attack so okay so it is uh I'll talk about that

now in the next slide that means other C pins which plays important

role in defense so

all the compounds that basically plays important role in defense so one is because uh I will not draw all the

structure one is okay if we start with uh AP p fory

pyrophosphate so start from this side fpp from fpp one

root uh contributes to the formation of AP Addis toen e p i AP a r i s t o l o c h e

n if AP Addis to loen so from AP Addis to loen capsid is formed C

capsy capsid dool is formed so capsid dool and AP Arisen synthes enzyme contributes to the formation

of this product AP are

loin synthes that is nothing but a part of cpin synthes and so what I have mentioned you

can also not it down here this is basically a major

phytoalexin and it is found in paper and tobacco phyto alexin are those comp

compounds when plants are healthy you will find very TR amounts but when plants are under attack then the

Machinery becomes active and leading to enormous amount of synthesis of this compounds uh I have mentioned this in

one of the very early classes that the three ways these defensive specialized metabolites are

formed okay uh other root from here which contributes towards the formation of

Delta cadinin c a d i n e n e so this is found in

Cotton this is found in cotton and this finally makes the structure

which is called gosip Bol so gosip Bol structure I will draw so the gosip

PA g s s y p o l what is gosip gosip is a cbin d s c s q u i t e

r p e n sarpin dier so let me draw the structure okay okay the gosip all

here so gosip fall structure is very interesting it's four benine ring one

2 G o

h c o so this is the structure of

gosip so now

another defensive uh sarpin which is

called lubimin luim Min l u b i m i

n which you will find in in in potato so and LU

is basically formed from

V V is

spadin vtis pyin and vtis pyin is basically produced from

fpp by this vtis py

dine synthes so this subsequently converted into

lubimin so this is uh so that means lamine is also a defense compound which

accumulated in the potato so I have said the different uh defensive cin that

accumulate in different plant similarly in doas there is a doin doin is a cpin which accumulated in

doas so I can write it here uh

doin doin accumulates in tocas that means

carrot in ginger also there is another cpin which accumulates which is

called ging p p e

r e n e so this is found in

ginger okay so with this information now I will go to the very

briefly about uh dpin

so diar pins are basically C20 compounds so that means dipin are formed

from uh d m a p with addition of three molecules

of IPP and the enzyme is ggpp synthes g g

PPS is stand trans for synthes okay ggpp synthes leading to the formation of ggpp

so ggpp only structure I can draw because of shortage of time I'll not draw the other structure but gpp

structure is pretty complex let me try so this is the structure of ggpp ggpp

stands for Jan Nile

janile pyro phosphate this acts as the substrate for the subsequent

enzymes and this leads to the formation of different dipine compounds for example I just

write the name of the compounds one is called abadin

AB i e t a d i e n e abadin so from abadin the atic acid is formed a b i e t i c atic acid is

formed and the enzyme is Abed in synthes AB synthes

similarly one root contributes towards the formation of flow

Ball P H O floor ball b o l floor ball so this

is uh an ester found in the latex bearding plant

particularly U for BSC okay another one is basically the

casbin c a s b e n e let me make it clear spelling otherwise you will

not c a s b e n e casban what is casban casban is again a phto

alexin it's a defense compound and it is found in castor bean which is called recus

communist scientifically ggpp also contributes towards the formation

of tadan t a x a d i e n e so it is basically

contribute to the skeletal of the taxol so the taxan synthes is responsible for

that t a x a d i e n e synthes and ggpp also contributes to the formation

of janile geraniol which is a common volatile metabolite found in

different flowers okay so this is in brief about the

different dipin compounds now if I go to briefly on the TR tarpine

compounds Tarpin so Trin are basically C3 compounds that also originate from two

molecules of AP that timately formed squal

squin is considered as a precursor of trines so the enzyme is sine

synthes which requires two molecule of AP so sine is again the C30 compounds and from

squalen different compounds of originate like

Q E okay from squin oxidos qualin is

formed s q u a oxidos qualin is

formed and from oxidos qualin different compounds originate for example cyclo tinol Cy

tinol from their brassing is synthesized and from oxidos

qualin another root contributes towards the formation of uh beta

amrin and from biter Amrine oleanolic acid is formed so just to tell you the product

diversity squallin also contributes towards formation of other sterols for

example uh cholesterols and also contributes towards the

formation of stigma sterile and

cytal sigo stero and Cyro stero structures are pretty similar only this contains

a double bond which is absent in this

structure okay uh and

uh steroid molecules with with an alcohol with an alcohol group is sterols and these sterols also one such stero is

phyto so this accumulates in the plant and the and the insect's legs The larva or form then

larva to Pupa conversion then when Pupa basically the uh when the larva consume the phyto Egon the pupa

formation get hindered because of its toxicity so this has the steroid

structure apart from this there are uh two important compounds which comes under trines which is Ammon

uh y a m o n i

n which is a type of saponin and another is well known

digoxygenin d i g i d g toxy genine which is

a cardino that is at low concentration it has a role

in uh protecting the heart from other diseases okay so this is about the different trar pins which accumulate

in different plants and they play important role um for example the protection of the plants protection of

the membrane structure and and different aspects so this is

about the trins C30 C40 will be this carotin which I will cover in a separate class

now okay maybe uh I should stop here and in the next class when we'll talk about kerotin before that I will briefly talk

about the polypin and oio resins before I move into the uh carotin structure so with this I'll end this

class thank you very much