A+ Core 2 Study Group: Linux Commands & UPS Battery Disposal

We are 10 minutes away from the top of the hour. Welcome everybody to the pre-show of today's 2202.

That is our A+ core 2 study group. We are in the final minutes of making sure that all of the video is set up

properly, recording is going. I guess we could put our information there on where you can go to

uh to put your digital pin in our virtual pin cushion. I'm not even sure how to describe that, but there it is.

Uh because it is right here. There's There it is. That's what it looks like. Let's close this up right there. We can

pause this right over here. We'll do this right there. Hey, chat room. Hope everybody's doing well. We are We are

ready today. We have all new questions for you. Uh, you can submit questions for the second hour. If you have

questions for me, you can submit those at any time from that same link that you see behind me there, professors.comqa.

We have uh we have a lot of really good questions to go through today and I don't remember them because I did them

over the weekend. So, I just I've now forgotten everything from, you know, five days ago. That's sort of how it

goes for me right now. There's a lot happening. There's a lot of moving parts, but we're good. We have we have

all uh questions today that are from the core two exam. I've got I've got a lot to go through. Um and of course your

questions if there's something you want to ask, something that has been bothering you, something that you really

want to know about the certification or technology or the industry or the weather, you can always ask by using

that same link you see on your screen. Now, also instead of going to that link, you could go to professor

messor.com/live. And on the live page, I also have the video, the chat, and the voting Vox

voting system on there as well. So, everything's on one page now. I don't know if that makes it easier for or

doesn't make it easier. I don't know. Either way though, it's there. You can use it if you'd like it. We've got

something there. There I need to change the format. It needs to be kind of a more streamlined format. I'd love to

make it in something sort of YouTubeish where you got a video and the chat down the side and then you've got this other

thing on the bottom. We're getting there. We We have our best people on it, so to speak. Maybe not our best because

I'm involved, but everything else is our best. We will figure that part of it out.

There is uh I like doing close the end of the week. I like the last live stream of the week because then I can I can

kind of get this get the get the live stream things done and then I go back into sort of content creation mode where

I'm just in here, you know, on the keyboard with nobody else around. Would you recommend studying AI security

engineering? I have no idea what that is. I have no idea how we're using those terms today. You have to be more

specific as to what in the world something like that would look like. I can guess and generally speaking, IT

security probably is the one place where the the the most common definition of how we're using the term AI these days

would fit because you have so much data to go through that humans simply can't sift through it. Now, to be fair, we've

been doing this already for years. We just kind of stuck an AI sticker on it and said it's AI. No, we've been doing

this for a long time. You have all of this information in an enormous database. How do you correlate that

information? and how do you sift through it? How do you find the needle in the haystack? How do you find somebody

trying to get into your network? Do you use heruristics? Do you use a signature? Do you use all of those? And we've been

doing this for a very long time. Um, now we're just sort of calling it AI. So, I suspect when you say AI security

engineering, that's really what we're talking about. How do we take this very large amount of data that is just

overwhelming for a human? There's no way we would be able to look through that and be able to find what we want. We can

pick out specific reports of course. We can say, "Show me everyone. Show me every authentication that has failed in

the last hour and it will show you that." But unless you have something looking through the data constantly for

and being able to correlate across very diverse systems and then be able to present you with, hey, this looks funny.

This is something I found that was interesting. Here's something you should look at. That would be a perfect use of

that. So there you go. I came up with one good thing that we could use. Again, not consumerf facing AI, but certainly

sort of a big data AI, which is, as I've always said, that's where I think that's where we're going to get the biggest

bang for this investment into AI that these companies have made, that these these very intelligent and very directed

CEOs who know absolutely how to handle their money have created this multi- billion dollar, tens of billions of

dollars of investment so that it can look through the data and provide that information. I think we see it more in

the computer science side is probably the best one. I think the one that we would see is more of a uh is is

something that can program for us, something that can develop applications for us, something that can put together

a script for us so we don't have to write the script. I like writing the scripts myself so that I know what

they're doing. Um, I don't like editing someone else's copy, someone else's code, but some people are fine with that

or they just don't have the ability to write the script. Have this write the script for you and I hope it works and

won't delete anything. That's that part is probably working the best because what it's doing is finding all these

vulnerabilities, all of these problems with software, with operating systems, with you've seen the number of

vulnerabilities in the last 6 months is is skyrocketing. We're identifying vulnerabilities we've never identified

before through the use of these types of tools. Another great example, there's all this data. How do we look through

all this data? Humans can't do it. The machines can do it much better than we can. Those types of things are a perfect

use. Um, and fits well into the um the augmented intelligence, uh, the artificial something. I don't you we're

sort of just using the term so generically now it's almost lost any meaning. Um, but maybe that's on

purpose. Maybe that's what they want us to do. They they prefer that. Then it then it can't help but be uh a benefit

because you'll find that one instance. You know, it you go to the Home Depot and oh, look, it's a ladder now with AI.

Oh, it's a box of nails now with AI. I don't know what's going on anymore. I don't know. We're just going to put it

on everything. And eventually they'll fall off. Uh, we'll get the real AI things and that's what we'll stick with.

But the the marketing folks are working overtime right now. And good for them. They we're paying them to do all of

that. So, we'll we'll figure out how it works. The the way I tell is the only the only time I ever see some things pop

up um in my Reddit feed is when I see that big data AI stuff, and that's exciting to me. I like I like the idea

of just taking tons of data, putting it into a big pot, and then finding the secrets that are inside of that. I think

it's a lot of fun. No, we haven't gotten started yet. 3 minutes until we get started. this just me, you know, blah

blah blah blah blah. I look forward to your cards and letters. Whenever I give an opinion about technology, whatever it

is, I don't give a lot of opinions about technology. I try to be very balanced with it. Here's what's good about it.

Here's what's bad about it. Um, but of course, people tend to only hear what they want to hear when you're talking

about those things. And so, I end up getting a lot of interesting emails at the end of the live stream from folks

who are explaining to me just how wrong I am. Well, more power to you. Knock yourself

out. Doesn't bother me. The part that I always find funny is is the ones that are sending it to me, but it was put

through AI and then sent to me as a fully AI created piece of email. Like, okay, that's maybe you really don't

think this. Maybe you told something else to make you think that. It's one of the challenges I have. I'm getting so

many emails these days that are you can tell in their formatting that this is not something you wrote and then I have

to think is this is this real? Is it a real person? And that's the problem I have especially in the internet when

you're dealing with finances you're dealing with funds that are being transferred. It's important to know who

you are are working with. It's important to know who you're who your customers are and who you're dealing with and

people who you're buying things from. And if it's all automated, how are we supposed to know that? It becomes a

little It's making it a little bit more challenging. Maybe I should ask the AI if that's an AI. Problem solved. What

was I thinking? There we go. It was so easy. [laughter] I'm glad we have this technology so we

can ask the technology if it is that technology. You've seen those. You've seen the the

videos of people putting one AI engine communicating with another AI engine and they just go back and forth all day.

Good for us. What a what a what a technology we have created. What a wonderful place we are with this. This

will all sort of work itself out. We're sort of seeing that right now. We're sort of seeing the changes in the

industry as things kind of shake themselves out. And the stuff that's working, we keep. The stuff that's not,

you throw it away and nobody ever remembers it. Anyway, 15 seconds before we get started. That was a quick 10

minutes, everybody. I think it's about time. Let's check one last check. Uh those screens look good. These screens

look good. I think we can do a live stream. I think we're ready for a presentation. What do you think? Look,

turn to 12. It's time to check our keynote. There it is. Uh, green light is good. Go, go, go, go, go, Power Ranger.

Did I click the green button? Oh, it didn't like that at all. Let's try that. It's a different presentation now. There

we go. That's much better. That's a lot. Okay, I think we can do a live stream then. Are you guys ready? Me, too. Let's

get this thing started. Here we go. Hello everyone. Welcome to the June 2026 Professor Messer Core 2 as our A+ study

group specific to the 220 1202 exam. This is the presented the the live stream the presentation the show where

you will get questions that come directly from the comp exam objectives and then you in real time if you are

indeed here live will be able to vote on those questions and you'll be able to see just how much you might know about

these topics. We have quite a bit to go through today and I want you to join us by heading over to this link right here

professor messor.com/qa. If you are already on our website watching this at professors.comlive,

then you already have this on your screen, you just scroll down a little bit and you'll see it. But if you're

watching somewhere else, or if you are on my site live, you can always do this, too. Pop open a new browser window, head

over to professor messor.com/qa, and you will be able to answer questions from that link. What questions am I

talking about? Do you ask? I am so glad you asked that. We have a set of questions we will be doing today. And

just to test, just to see if you're able to get in and answer these questions, I have a question that we did in a

previous study group just to see how much you might remember or maybe if you've never seen the question before,

how much you know. We refer to this as our rewind question, and it's going to be a good way to test how well we do

this. I would also like to remind you as we are doing our questions and answers today, please no answers in the chat

room. Please no hints in the chat room. Instead, you want to go to the link that you have on your screen, professor

messor.com/qa. Our question, our rewind question of the month is, a system administrator notices a Windows

workstation is randomly encountering a blue screen with the stop code kernel mode heap corruption. Which of the

following resolutions would best apply to this issue? How can we fix this? Would it be roll back a recent roll back

a recently installed hardware driver, disable the spooler service, run a full disc defragmentation,

run startup repair, or remove the paging file. One of these will be the one that would best apply to this particular

issue. Let's see if you know what the answer is. If you do, please no answers in the

chat room. Instead, use the link on your screen. Go to professormemeser.comqa to lock in your answer. So, you have a a

few things to go through. We will come back to this question in just a moment. So, don't don't go anywhere. We will

find out the answer to this one as soon as we get through a couple of extra things here at the beginning. I want to

thank everyone for joining us. This is something that we do every month. And if you've not seen our live streams before,

it's something we really like to do, like to like to have you here and have the interactive Q&A back and forth. So,

thank you so much for joining us. When we're not doing one of these live streams, you can find us on YouTube. Of

course, every one of our courses is available to watch for free online. There's no registration involved, I

guess, other than the YouTube registration that might be there. There's nothing you have to do on our

site. There's nothing hidden behind a payw wall. There's nothing that we're sneaking away that you only get part of

it. Nope, you get everything. You get the entire courses. They are available on our YouTube channel at

professormemeser.comyoutube. We also have a daily A+ pop quiz question. You can find that at professor

messor.comxinstagram and I'll put it in your email inbox. You can find the links to those on the main

page of professor messor.com. And we've got uh we've got a lot of of other places online that you might find us. If

you would like to find us on your favorite social media site, just go to professormemeser.com/

the name of the placef Facebook, for example. We'll take you to our our page over on Facebook. It's another one of

those that try to make it a little bit easier to find us wherever we happen to be. You want to also listen in sometime

during this first hour. I'm going to give you instructions on how you can earn a one-hour webinar category

continuing education unit credit that is referred to as a CEU. This is something you would use to help renew your

certification. Some third parties use it to prove more of an ongoing education type process. So if you are someone who

is working to renew your certification, you might want these CEUs. That might be how you are renewing your Cert. If you

don't have your certification yet, this may not apply to you, but listen in anyway. I can always send you the email,

even if you don't end up using it. We'll give you those instructions sometime during this first hour. Just listen out

for that. Today, we're going to be talking about the A+ Core 2 exam. This is specifically the 220

exam 122. That's the version of it. This is also referred to for some reason as version 15. It probably is version 15,

but you have to know that those two are linked because those numbers don't make any sense. This exam was released on

March the 25th of 2025, which means we estimate the retirement for this be sometime around September of 2028. That

gives you plenty of time to study with the current set of exam objectives. You don't have to worry about the exam

changing. You don't have to worry about the exam going away. you are exactly where you should be. As long as your

study materials are specifically marked as the 2201 and the 2202, you are studying from the right materials. This

exam or this certification itself requires that you pass two exams. One is the core one exam and you need to score

675 on a scale from 100 to 900 to pass that first exam. For the second exam, you have to score a little bit better.

you have to score a 700 on that same scale between 100 and 900. And regardless of what exam versions there

are and regardless of what uh retirement dates there might be for a set of exams, once you pass those two exams, none of

those dates apply to you anymore. Uh the only thing that applies to you is your certification is good for 3 years after

passing your exam. And if you want to extend that another three years, there is a renewal process where you can

extend it another three years and then you can extend it another three years and then you can extend, you get the

idea. You can keep this as long as you would like as long as you renew every 3 years. This is also an exam that has a

number of different topics on it. We're going to be talking about core 2 today. So all of our questions today will be

based on operating systems, security, software troubleshooting, and operational procedures. We will go

through many questions today, and we'll try to mix them up so you get a little bit from all of those as we go through

these. Now, you'll also notice that this live stream is available for replay immediately after we're done. You can go

back and watch our entire archive of live streams. They are available on our YouTube channel in the playlist section,

but we also put these available on social media on streaming websites. So you can watch the video, but I also

create a podcast downloadable version of this, an audio only version that is that is distributed in a podcast format. So

if you have a favorite podcast listening program, you can add it by going to professor messor.com/mpodcast.

You can also find it on a number of very popular podcast uh lists the the where you can choose from those or maybe

you're on a streaming media service like Spotify. You can simply search for Professor Messer on Spotify and you'll

find all of the podcast distributions there as well. Might help you if you're driving in the car, you're working out,

can't look at a screen, but something that can help you study for this as you're doing perhaps something else.

Also want to let you know that we have um on our YouTube video description, we have a number of timestamps that will

appear about a day after we're done. Uh takes about a day because we have our marketing manager, Lori, who's watching

this on the replay. Hi, Lori. She's going through this process and marking down everything we do and when we do it

and creating for you an archive of that. It's on all of our study groups so that you can find the information that you

need that much faster. uh if that's something that you like and that you have used, make sure you give Lori a

heart in the chat. Let her know that you appreciate the hard work that she is doing. I sure do. And it's something I

think has helped all of us as we're going through and trying to find things helps me find things in the archives

when I'm looking through them through them. So, thanks so much, Lori. Next on our list, I want to remind you that when

we are done here, we are also going to be over on our Discord. We have I think we're up to over 70,000 people that have

joined our Discord server. It's ridiculous. Thank you so much for joining. There are a lot of people

there. We got thousands of people every month that are in our Discord studying for their A+ certification, their

network plus certification, their security plus certification, and others. Some people just come to hang out and

talk tech, which is also a great thing to do. And we have a whole channel set up just for general conversation if

that's what you'd like to do. There's a lot of other hidden little features in there. You can create your own uh rooms

for studying. You can invite people in. You can lock the room. You can manage the room. You can make it open. You can

You have complete control. We give you the ability to study how you would like to over on our Discord. Please come and

join us at professor messor.com/isord. Eventually, you will need to take your A+ exam. And unfortunately, they make

you pay for these things. So you have to go in and actually pay to take your certification. That's how most industry

certifications work. But uh if you come to professor messor.com and you happen to live in the US, Canada, or a US

territory, you can get your vouchers to pay for this exam at a a less expensive cost than going directly to the CompTIA

website. Sure, you could go over to CompTIA's website and pay full price. Not sure why you would do that when the

exact same vouchers are right here. go to professors.com/vouchers to get an official CompTIA voucher from

a platinum partner of CompTIA and that would that would be me. Now, not only do we get your voucher for a discount, we

also give you something you can't get anywhere else and that's a copy of my exam hacks ebook where I have documented

all of the tips and tricks that I have used through the years to pass these CompTIA exams. Whether it's something

during the study process or tips and tricks and strategies you can use during the exam itself to be able to perhaps

get a few extra points. That's a something that is just included for free when you purchase a voucher or you

purchase one of our success bundles. We don't sell that separately. That is the only way to get that. So that is

definitely an exclusive. You can have a look at that over on our website professor messor.com/vouchers.

Let's go back to that question we asked earlier, which is a system administrator notice notices a Windows workstation is

randomly encountering a blue screen with the stop code kernel mode heap corruption. Which of the following

resolutions would best apply to this issue? Would it be to roll back a recently installed hardware driver?

Would it be to disable the spooler service? Would it be to run a full disc defragmentation? Would it be to run

startup repair or should we remove the paging file? What should we do? Well, let's find out what you think we should

do. We're going to close our poll and we have a bit of a mix. We have uh although we did get a majority. 57% of you say

you would roll back a recently installed hardware driver. 35% of you though say you'd run startup repair is what you

would do. 6% said to run a full disc defragmentation. 2% said to disable the spooler service. And then 0% said to

remove the paging file. So this is an interesting one because it's a random problem. It's just popping up at

different times during the day and the error message is not very clear. Kernel mode heap corruption. I think we're

going to have to Google that one to figure out what that actually is. And even then, it may not give you the

information you need to understand where the problem might be and how to solve it. Well, if you're getting a blue

screen, then you should probably just step through the process of trying to troubleshoot blue screen problems. This

is a we call it a BSOD, a blue screen of death. The technical term of this is a Windows stop error. That is how most of

these organizations will refer to it. You if it's an older version of Windows, it might be this weird textbased dark

blue color, which is why we call it the blue screen of death. These days it has more of a pastel tone, more of a more of

a lighter blue, kind of a kind of a nicer error, kind of make you feel better about the fact that your system

just crashed and you get a little frown face. I'm so sorry that your system isn't feeling well. One of the things

you can do if you get a blue screen of death when you're starting your system up is to perhaps use a last known good

option, use a system restore or roll back a driver. Now our problem with this question wasn't about the startup

process. So doing something that would fix the startup is not really where our problem is happening. Our problem is

occurring randomly throughout the day, not during the startup. So perhaps not something we'd worry about. Uh receiving

the hardware might be an option except we're not even sure where to start at this point. Or we could just run a

hardware diagnostics. Maybe the problem is not the software that we're running. Maybe it's the hardware that we're

running. Well, if you look at all of those different options and you think about where do we even begin, one of the

the best places to start with any type of error is to have the smallest amount of change on the system. And h ripping

apart the system and pulling out hardware and putting it back in again is is something that can fix problems,

especially if it is a loose connection. They don't tend to be things that happen on their own. We screw down all of these

pieces in our motherboard. Sometimes it's a single board and there's no moving parts on it. There's in some

cases there isn't even anything to receat. Maybe the RAM, maybe the memory that we have in the system. In this

particular case though, our issue was that we encountered a blue screen on a random basis. It's not happening when we

start up the computer. It's happening randomly throughout the day. And for that reason, I'm going to go with the

57% of you that said, "Roll back a recently installed hardware driver." Of all of the options made available to us,

that is the only one that best applies to this particular issue. 35% of you said run startup repair, but as I

mentioned, our problem isn't happening during startup. There's nothing to repair during the

startup process. In fact, maybe running startup repair would cause it to do something bad to the startup process. If

it's not broke, we don't need to fix it. So, startup repair is not our issue. So, that would not be what we would choose.

Running a full disc defragmentation. If the disc does have a defragmentation, it and it is a traditional spinning hard

drive, then you'll find that maybe it takes a little bit longer to load data or it takes a little bit longer to save

data. In some cases, that delay is not really perceivable. But as a drive becomes more and more and more

fragmented and you have much larger files that you might be dealing with, it might be something that you notice. And

running a defragmentation will make things much more efficient when it comes to retrieving or storing data on the

drive, but it wouldn't cause a blue screen. That's not the issue that we're getting. A kernel mode heat corruption

that's a blue screen and a stop code defragmentation doesn't cause your system to crash. it only causes your

system uh to speed up after you'd run the defrag. So, it's more of an efficiency change than something that

would be causing an issue. So, that would not be the right answer. 2% said to disable the spooler service. That is

the service that keeps all of your print jobs and sends them to the printer as the printer is printing them out. We

don't have any problems with printing. The error message that we got had nothing to do with printing. doing

anything with the print spooler is just throwing out uh things against the wall and hoping that they stick. That's not

what we're looking to do. And 0% said remove the paging file. How do we know the paging file isn't our problem? Well,

we don't necessarily, but the stop code that we got doesn't mention a paging file. This is happening randomly

throughout the day. probably not the number one thing that's on our list. Since this is something that is

happening randomly and it is a blue screen and it hasn't happened before, we can assume based on this question,

rolling back a recently installed hardware driver would be the best answer, especially if you've recently

installed a hardware driver. This is the question you almost always have to ask yourself whenever you get these weird

problems, especially random problems. What recently has changed? Did you install new software? Did you install

new hardware? Where's there a new driver? Where's there a Windows update? What changed? Something on that system

has changed and now we have a blue screen. If nothing had changed, if we had not installed hardware, if we did

not have anything that was installed for new applications, if we did not do a Windows update and we started getting

these blue screens, maybe then we'd look more at the hardware. Maybe we'd think, maybe I'm having a memory problem. Maybe

there's an issue with the hardware itself. Maybe we should run some hardware diagnostics. But since we know

based on the answers that there was a recently installed hardware driver, that's where I'm going to go first. And

that's where we would often find these types of stop codes, especially one that affects the kernel of the operating

system itself. 57% of you chose roll back a recently installed hardware driver, and 57% of you got that one

absolutely right. Well done. Well, that brings us now to a new question of the month. And as many of you know on our

live streams, our first new question of the month is not a multiple choice question. No, not like the one we just

had where there was a question and then multiple answers you could choose from. Even if you didn't know the answer, you

had a 20% chance of getting it right. On your exam, you might get four individual answers, which means your chance goes up

to 25%. Well, CompTI wants to make it a little bit harder on you than that. They want to see if you really know your

stuff. So, they have a section at the beginning of their exam. You will get a handful of questions that are not

multiple choice. CompTIA refers to these as performance-based questions. And a loose definition of those is anything

that's not multiple choice. So, it could be a fill-in- thelank, it could be a matching question, it could be a drag

and drop question, it could be something where we put things in a particular order, or maybe they put you at a

command prompt and ask you to perform a function, which is what I'm going to ask of you today. This is a Linux

performance-based question. And this Linux performance-based question is asking you to perform three different

tasks. Our first task is in this view. You can kind of see I've got a uh it is difficult to see I realize. We'll go a

little little bit closer. We have in our documents folder on our Linux machine a file. This file is called app

message.log. That is the file that is currently there. And I'm asking you to change the

name of that file from app message.log to searching.log. How would you do that? Again, if you

think you know the answer, you want to go to the link on your screen, professors.com/qa.

Please do not put these answers into the chat room. Don't put any hints in the chat room. The second thing I want you

to do at this Linux command prompt is find all instances of the word error. Error in the file. See if you know where

error might be. Error might be inside that that error file. So the last thing I'd like you to do once you've done all

of that in an effort to really prove you know how to work at the command prompt, we're going to nuke it. We're going to

delete the file. Delete the file from the file system. That's exactly what we would like to do. Get rid of it. So, we

start with a file. We change the name of it. We search through it. We delete it. What commands do we type in at a Linux

command prompt to be able to do that? That is what I am asking. And then we're going to try it ourself once we're done.

We'll do some live Linux command line work here in a moment. But in the meantime, you can submit what you think

the right answers would be for those three questions by going to the link on your screen, professor messor.com/qa.

As you're probably aware on the 122 exam, there's a lot of Linux commands on that. We're doing three. I think there

might be 20 on the command on the command line prompt. There's a lot. It seems that way. We'll have to count them

up later on. We'll have to see exactly how many Linux commands are happen to be. That'll give me something to sift

through. We go to looking at the official um exam objectives. That that will tell us exactly what the commands

are and how many of them we need to memorize. Not only are the Linux commands, there's also a ton of

Microsoft commands in there as well for Windows. So, we have Windows commands we need to know. We have Linux commands we

need to know. We also need to load a little bit of Mac OS in there. There's also references to Chrome OS and others.

It's a lot of lot of stuff to look through. It's a lot of things to be able to sift through to figure out the

details. So maybe you know what some of these might be. See if you're familiar with these options with these command

lines and see exactly what you think this might be. Submit your answers at any time by going to professor

messor.comqa. Whenever I started getting into the world of operating systems, I worked a

lot with Windows, of course. There's a lot of work that I did in in Unix at the time. This was before Linux was really

incredibly popular or even was a thing. It may not have even been a thing yet, but I did a lot with uh SunOS that does

take me back and Solaris, which eventually what SunOSs turned into. So, I worked a lot at the command prompt.

That sort of takes me even further back. There was quite a bit done with mainframes before that. Then we go to

kind of the the system operating systems for Linux for for Windows and others and work through those. And um and once you

get to that point, you can really start differentiating between what is Windows, what is Linux, what is Mac OS, what are

the differences, and perhaps even more importantly, what are the similarities between all of those. We always have

arguments online about this operating system is better. No, this operating system is better. No, this one really is

better. In reality, all of them are good. We just have different strengths and weaknesses depending on what you

want to be able to do with that operating system. So, it's important to know all of these. And I will tell you,

the more you know about all of these different operating systems, the better technologist you're going to be, the

better troubleshooter you are going to be, and you'll start to see a lot of similarities between these operating

systems that you can kind of take the knowledge you learned in Windows and apply some of that knowledge into the

world of Linux. the Linux people hate it when I say things like that, but that's absolutely true because there's a lot of

similarities between a lot of what we're going to do here has some similarities, also has some differences. So, let's

step through each one of these options on the command line. The first thing is I want to be able to change the name of

the file from app message.log to searching.log. Well, let's see if I have a command

prompt here that we could look through. I guess I do have to put in the correct password.

That's the thing I'll have to put in first. So, I do have this very screen available. There it is. So, here is our

Linux command prompt. We'll move it up a little bit so you can see it a little bit better over my head here at the

bottom. And we're here in my documents folder. I did an ls command which is listing the files in the file system,

the objects in the file system. In Linux, everything is a file system object. And then you have uh some flags

I put in the end of this to show me an extended view of this. So I can see permissions, I can see the owner, I can

see the group name, I can see the size of the file, and I can see the name along with the date and time, the name

of the file. So in this case, we have our app message.log. The question I had was to change the name from app

message.log to searching.log. Well, in Windows, we would use maybe the copy command to be able to do that. We

don't have that available in in Linux. And in fact, what we're trying to do is change the name. We could use, I guess,

in Windows, we could do the rename command to rename the name of the file, but we don't have that in Linux either.

In Linux, we are going to move the file, which may not seem very intuitive if you come from the Windows world, but if you

ever work in Linux, there's very much a a a an object-based perspective to the operating system. As I mentioned

earlier, in Linux, everything is a file system object. So, we're going to move using the MV command, and we're going to

move app message.log. I'm just going to type a and hit tab and it's going to autocomplete for me because I like to be

lazy that way. I want to move from a file name to a file name. So, I'm moving from app message.log. And what did I

want to make that? Searching.log. Had to type that one in. It can't it can't autocomplete what's in my brain

yet. Maybe someday we'll get there. So, let's try that. We'll move app message.log to searching.log. I'll hit

enter. that it doesn't really say anything. It doesn't give us any feedback. It doesn't tell us anything.

But if I perform another ls command, you'll see what previously named apps.log

is now named searching.log. So, we were successful in in changing that changing the name from apps.log

to searching.log using the MV command. It's exactly what we used. All right. Well, if we got that one right, we can

move to the next one. And the next task we would like to perform is find all instances of the word error

error in the file. I want to see in that file name, did we get any errors? How would we know? Well, there's I guess we

could list list everything that's in the file. We could do a more command. We could do a cat command. There's a lot of

different ways to view the file if you're in Linux. And maybe we should do that. We'll come back over to our live

Linux. I'm going to cat this searching and this that's a command to concatenate and it's commonly used to take multiple

files and combine them into a single file. In this case, if you just have a single cat to a single file and you

don't specify an output, it puts it on the screen. So, you'll see a lot of stuff just went by. I sometimes will

prefer using the more command uh to do the same thing. So, it'll go a page at a time, but you can see here, are is there

word error anywhere in here? Is there pages and pages? How are you supposed to know? How am I supposed to know if

there's anything in here that has the word error? I want to find every line that has the word error in it. So, the

way that we're going to do that is to use another command that's also listed in your uh your your exam objectives

called GP. That gp command will search through a text file and it will show you every line of the text file that has

that inside of it. That is going to be incredibly important for hunting down information hidden in a Linux log file

somewhere. So the thing that I am looking for in this command I want to gp and I need to specify what that gp is

going to be. Is it going to be um for a a fi a word? In this case, it is. And I want to find the word error. And I want

to find that word error in the file searching.log. That's it. That is all you have to do to

search through enormously large files and identify that tiny little needle that might be hidden inside of that

haystack. It also is very very fast. So, you can go through gigabytes and gigabytes and gigabytes of data in a

matter of seconds and it will find that information. Let's hit enter. And there's every line inside of that

document that has the word error in it. In fact, I'll make it a little bit wider so we can really see it better. Look at

the ones that we have here. So, in that entire file, it shows us, you know, maybe there's 15 or 20 different lines

that came up that has that word error. And you can see it even highlights it on the screen in a color. So you can see

that was the word we wanted. So this might show you there were no lines with the word error inside of it. Or it might

show a number of them and gives me timestamps. I can go back and do more troubleshooting. It's a lot we can do

with that view. So how quick was that? We were able to search through all of that information and find that. We could

almost call that AI, couldn't we? It's it was it. It's just GP. That's all it is. GP is the new AI. We're we're going

to turn Grep into a brand new thing. So, pretty quick to be able to have that. So, now let's go to the third option

that we or the third task we want to perform, which is to delete the file from the file system. Delete that

searching.log file. There are a number of different ways to do this, of course, but I'm going to show you the one that

you need to know for the exam. Um, in um in the Windows world, you would use the delete command, deel. In Linux, we don't

have a deel command. It's a little bit different, but similar functionality. We're going to remove inside of Linux.

And instead of typing the word remove, the command is an RM command. In this case, I want to remove searching.log,

we'll hit enter again. Like many things in Linux, it just gives you a prompt back. If nothing went wrong, then it

just gives you a prompt and doesn't tell you anything. Did it really delete it though? Let's do another search. We'll

do a list to show everything in there. Nothing is listed now in that particular folder. And our task has been

successfully completed. That is exactly the option that we wanted to have. So changing the name from app message.log

to searching.log log meant that we use the MV command to provide that. The next task was to search through that

particular file searching.log with the GP command. And we're going to GP the word error and then specify the file

name. In this case, searching.log. And it shows us every instance of the word error in that file. And then lastly, we

wanted to delete that searching.log file. And in Linux, the delete command is the remove command. RM, we want to rm

searching.log. And as you can see, it's now gone. We we got rid of it. It is completely missing. And that is what we

were hoping to see working through all of those different options at the Linux command prompt. So hopefully that gives

you a little bit more to think about. I think if you're somebody who is trying to work through the details of Linux and

understand all of these commands, running a very basic overview of each of these commands can really help you

solidify in your brain, stick it in your noggin exactly how that command works and what type of output you would expect

to see. So those are the ones that we use. Those are the ones that are most important. And hopefully you're kind of

familiar now with some of the options available in Linux. And if you aren't, I would highly recommend that you have a

uh a good look at the exam objectives and you study each one of those Linux commands. There are a lot of them there

to know and you're going to need to know them for your exam. So hopefully that gives you an idea for those. I think

that that might help quite a bit as you go through and and work with Linux, Windows, or really anything at a command

prompt can be very useful. Let's now shift gears back from our performance-based question of the month.

Let's now go back to our multiplechoice questions and see how well you do with this one. The next question on our list

is this one that asks, "An office is replacing several old in uninterruptible power supplies and has accumulated a

large number of heavy internal batteries? Which of the following would be the best way to manage this battery

collection? Would it be to add it to the weekly garbage pickup, put it in the building's recycling bin, ship to a

hazardous waste location, incinerate at a waste to energy plant, or store in a well ventilated room? Now, we have a few

things to work on here. Uh, the question again asks, "An office is replacing several old uninterruptible power

supplies and has accumulated a large number of heavy internal batteries. Which of the following would be the best

way to manage this battery collection? Would it be to add it to the weekly garbage pickup, put it in the building's

recycling bin, ship it to a hazardous waste location, incinerate at a waste energy plant, or store in a well

ventilated room? If you think you know the answer, go to the link on your screen, professor messor.com/qa. Please

no answers in the chat room. Please no hints in the chat room. Instead, you want to use the link on your screen,

professor messor.com/qa to lock in that particular answer. Now, obviously, that link won't be available

if you are watching this on a replay, but you can follow along with us and maybe even consider joining us on the

next live stream. You can always check our calendar, professors.com/calar, to know when the next live stream is

going to be. This is a question that I have had to deal with because I've had to go around, as many of you know, after

a number of years, these batteries have to be replaced. And so, you got to go around to all the UPS's. You probably

bought a lot of them at the same time, and now you have to swap the batteries out of every single UPS that you have.

Some of those batteries kind of heavy. And once you start collecting a number of them, now you got a big pile of

batteries that's on your desk. Now, what do you do? What do you do with all of these? Is there something we can use

them for? Are they they now destined to be just sitting on my desk for the next number of months until I decide we

should probably find a better solution than that? Let's see what you think the right answer is. The question again

asks, "An office is replacing several old uninterruptible power supplies and has accumulated a large number of heavy

internal batteries. Which of the following would be the best way to manage this battery collection? Would it

be to add to the weekly garbage pickup, put it in the building's recycling bin, ship it to a hazardous waste location,

incinerate at a waste to energy plant, or store in a well ventilated room? Let's now close the poll and see what

you think the answer is. 87% say ship that out to a hazardous waste location. And then everything else is single

digits. 7% said to store in a well ventilated room. We've got 5% that said you should incinerate it at a waste to

energy plant. Kind of made that one up. Put in a building's recycling bin. Only 2% and nobody said to just put it in the

garbage. Who's going to know? Nobody will know until the garbage truck catches on fire. And then somebody will

probably know. So definitely 0% not a good idea. Not what you should do to be able to have that on there. Well, this

becomes a little bit of a problem. Now, why would it not be one of these others? Why would we need to ship it to a

hazardous waste location? Well, that's that's definitely the answer we were looking for. 87% of you got that right.

And the reason it goes to a hazardous waste location is that it is hazardous waste. In the world of IT, there is most

of the things that we work with, most of the equipment we work with is not really that hazardous. And in fact, most of

these things that we work with are built so that we are kept away from anything hazardous. But you will be working

through other types of components like toner, like batteries, and even other components on motherboards where there

is part of that that could be hazardous in particular situations. I look at these batteries. there's probably a

great opportunity to have uh not only uh chemicals inside of that battery, but could also be a fire hazard. So, get

getting rid of these batteries would be a perfect thing to do. I mentioned earlier toner is also toxic waste. We

don't often think of toner as being toxic, but indeed it is. It's not a very nice thing to have, at least not in its

raw form there and getting it on your hands. Once it goes to the printer and it's it gets fastened to the page, it

gets heated up and and melted onto the page. That's effectively what's happening on a laser printer. And once

we have it melted on the page, it's not hazardous at all. It doesn't come off the page. So, we don't have to worry

about it. But toner itself does have an aspect to it that you don't want to breathe it in. You don't want to have it

on your your hands. You don't want to have it on your skin. So, we definitely want to have that toner go to a

hazardous waste location as well. Well, there might be other things that we need to to use the same way. How do we even

know though? How do we know if that thing that they brought to us can be thrown out in the regular garbage or it

has to go and be processed a special way? Well, you would probably want to look at the documentation associated

with that component referred to as the material safety data sheet or the MSDS. Sometimes you'll hear this referred to

just as the SDS. It's the same thing. It's a document that provides you with detailed explanation of what's inside of

this component. Are any of those pieces of that device something that could be considered toxic or hazardous? And if it

is, how do we handle the disposal of that? And if we get it on us, what do we do? Do we call somebody? Do we wash it

off? Do we use hot water? Do we use cold water? Do we have to use alcohol? What do we use? It tells you all of that

inside of the material safety data sheet. So there's always documentation we can go to. These batteries once they

are used have really no value to you. You can't revamp them. You can't restore them. You can't make them work again.

You can't stick them in an oven and bake them a little longer. There's nothing you can do to make these batteries any

good. So that is exactly the important part of of this particular question is understanding why you would want to ship

them instead of for example store them in a well ventilated room which was our second most answered uh list on here was

the store in a well ventilated room. It's only 7%. And then what do you do? Just keep them there? Why why are you

storing them there? There's no reason to store these at all. get them out of the building as soon as possible. In fact,

the these do have uh chemicals inside of them that do have the potential to incinerate under the right conditions.

We don't want the right conditions. We don't we don't even want the bad conditions, the right conditions, or any

conditions at all. Let's get it out of here. And in most environments, we would want to ship it to the location

specified in the material safety data sheet, which would be to an authorized hazardous waste location that accepts

these types of batteries. That is the answer we wanted. Uh don't put it in the garbage. Don't put it in the recycling

bin. That's not where these go. Uh and they tell you that on the MSDS. And the idea of incinerating a battery is just

that's a bad idea. Don't do that. Do not put flames near one of these batteries. Very bad idea. It unless you really like

a light show and then you're going to get one. Somebody's going to get hurt though. Don't do that. Uh so the idea of

incinerating it is a bad idea. And then are you is there a waste to energy plant somewhere? Maybe on the back of your

time machine you can shove it in the the Mr. Coffee there and that gives you more energy. Maybe. I guess you're going to

have to go to the future before you ever have something like that one. So, not a good idea. Do not incinerate. The only

answer here that makes sense is the one that 87% of you chose. Ship to a hazardous waste location. That is

exactly correct. Let's do another one. Next on our list is this question that asks, "A network administrator needs to

share a folder named confidential and configure it to be hidden from normal network resource browsing. Which of the

following would be the best way to achieve this concealment? Would we change the folder attributes to hidden?

Would we remove all nod administrative permissions? Would we encrypt the folder with EFS? Would we add an administrative

password to the share? Or would we append a dollar sign to the end of the share name? It's got to be one of those.

If you think you know the answer, use this link professor messor.com/qa to submit your answer and be able to see if

you can can pick the right one. We'll see at the end if we really did choose the right answer for this particular

question for all of you trying to properly secure information on your network. Maybe you've done something

like this before. There's a lot of different configuration options for rights and permissions and concealment

and encryption and security and authentication and there's just a lot of places, a lot of buttons, a lot of knobs

you can twist inside of the operating system. This is a very specific scenario. So, let's see if you happen to

know this scenario and how it would work. If you think you know the answer, use the link on your screen. Go to

professormemeser.com/qa to lock in what you think the best way to achieve this concealment might be.

Please don't put any answers in the chat room. Please don't put any hints into the chat room. This will be a good thing

to see if we really know our stuff. And no googling. No goo. Do not Google. Do not Google. I see you googling. Do not

Google. I try to make questions that would be rather complicated to Google. Anyway, I'm not pulling these questions

from somewhere else on the internet either. I'm I make every single one of these questions new every time we do a

live stream, which which also helps me so that I know you're not googling because you and up until this point,

nobody's seen it but me. So, it's all been kept in a in a vault. Uh I have an uh one of the big what are we down to?

Four accounting firms that are watching the vault. I don't. But you don't see it. Uh, and the world doesn't see it

until you see it on these live streams. Exactly where we would go. Let's see how you did with this one. The question

asks, "A network administrator needs to share a folder named confidential." Sounds sounds secret, doesn't it? And

they need to configure it to be hidden from normal network resource browsing. Which of the following would be the best

way to achieve this concealment? Would it be change the folder attributes to hidden? Would it be to remove all

nonadministrative permissions? Would it be to encrypt the folder with EFS? Should we add an

administrative password to the share? Or should we append a dollar sign to the end of the share name? What did you

choose? I want to see I almost went I almost just kept going without seeing what that's the end of that question.

Next question. No, let's see how you did. Little bit of a rainbow. We got a little bit of options here. We did not

get a majority on this one. 43% said you stick a dollar sign on the end. 29% said you change the folder attributes to

hidden. Ah, you've got 14% that said add administrative password to the share. We have 11% that said remove all

non-administrative permissions and only one single digit in this case. 4% of you said you encrypt the folder with EFS.

That makes it makes it hidden when you do when you do that. It does not. As you could probably tell at this point, 43%

was the plurality of answers that we got. Indeed, that is the correct answer. Append a dollar sign to the end of the

share name. What in the world are you talking about? We just stick a dollar sign at the end and somehow that hides

it. Yes, that's exactly the way it works. Uh shared resources and windows are a very common thing you will be

working with because there are tons of window shares that people make all the time. There's window shares that

everybody uses. There's some that are specific to different projects. You might have a group of documents you'd

like to share with people within your department. So you might create a window share and provide the access for people

inside of your department. This also allows you to associate a a the the letter of a of what we would call a

drive even though it's not technically a physical drive. Sort of a virtual reference. Uh as many of you know the C

drive in your system is traditionally has been the the boot the main boot drive of your computer. It can be a

different drive letter but most systems have a C drive as the main boot drive. Everything else can be assigned to

something else. So we could assign one window share to drive H, another share to drive G, another share to drive M. So

that you can just type in if you want to go to that share, you type in M colon and hit enter. And now you're on the M

drive. Or you go to your Windows uh file manager and you click the M drive and now you see that particular share. You

don't even have to remember the server name and the share name and any of those other pieces. You just go to driveM and

everything you need is there. makes it very easy to find what you're looking for. But what if you didn't want people

to be able to stumble across your share? What if you wanted to make it so that when people said, "Show me every share

that's on my network," your share was not listed. You wanted to conceal or hide that share from somebody normally

browsing around on the network. And the way that you would do that, you stick a dollar sign on the end. Now, this only

uh provides the ability to sort of hide it. You're kind of moving a plant right in front of it. Yeah, you don't see it

there. All I see is a plant there. You're sticking uh a camouflage right over the top of it. Oh, I don't I don't

see it. It must not be here. So, although you don't see it on a normal search through the network, it's still

there. And if you knew it was there, you can still access it. If you know the server name and you know the name of the

share, you can go right to it. You don't have to have it visible to you on the network. So this functionality of adding

a dollar sign, if you're thinking that doesn't sound very secure, because it isn't. It's not designed to be a

security technique, it's just designed to help you manage the enormous list of shares that might pop up on your

computer. That dollar sign, although it seems simple, becomes a very important thing. If you want to see all of the

shares on your system, you can find them in your administrative tools under the computer management option. It will list

out all the shares on your computer. And you can see everything that's there. I have a few here that are listed. They

even have a dollar sign. I shared my entire C drive and I stuck a dollar sign in front of it so that you could not see

it when you browse the network. Oh, but it's there and they can access it and log in if you have the right permissions

associated with it. So that is the answer we wanted. Append a dollar sign to the end of the share name. This is

from my video under the 2201 or 122 exam section 1.7 and the name of the video is the Windows network

technologies. Now we also have in this other list 29% said change the folder attributes to hidden. This will change

the attributes in the operating system, but it doesn't change the attributes on the share. Only changes it in the OS.

And since you're accessing it from a share, you're already there anyway. Hiding it inside of your operating

system doesn't hide it on the network side. So that's the big difference between changing an NTFS permission

versus sh changing a share permission. Changing folder attributes would be an NTFS permission which has no effect on

the visibility of that share across the rest of the network. 14% said add an administrative password to the share.

All shares have a a set of authentications and authorizations you can put on them. So one of the things

that you would focus on at least from an administrative password perspective is you only provide access for

administrators. You don't have to add additional passwords. You don't have to put secret codes in. You don't have to

hide it in any other way. You would simply just say here's a share and only administrators have access. There is no

reason to add an administrative share. But even if you did add an administrative password to a share

doesn't change how that share is viewed when you are browsing the network. It would still be visible which means it

would not be the right answer for this question. 11% of you said remove all non-administrative permissions. Kind of

the same thing, isn't it? Uh, and again, we aren't talking about permissions of accessing the files. We're talking about

just seeing the share in a big list of all the shares on your network. That would not provide that functionality

either. And lastly, encrypting the folder with EFS, not a bad idea. Would certainly ensure that someone not logged

into the network or into that system would be able to view the information inside of those documents because

everything is encrypted. But the problem with the encrypting file system EFS is that in this particular scenario is it

doesn't change how people are able to view a share across the network. All it does is protect the data that's on the

system where it is stored. So even if you encrypted the folder with EFS, you would still be able to see it from a

normal network browsing perspective. Which means only one of these answers could even possibly be correct. And that

would be the one that 43% of you chose. append a dollar sign to the end of the share name. It sounds silly and it works

perfectly. It's one of those things where it's such a simple solution. Why don't we just put a dollar sign on the

end and it disappears? Well, that's that's way too simple. Thank you. Thank you, Microsoft, for doing that one so

easily for us. I love that. That that is just a simple thing you can do and it works across any share you would put on

there. Whenever you start looking at the objectives that are in this A+ exam, you see they are many and varied. There are

hundreds and hundreds and hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of objectives you have to know for both the 2201 and 122

exam which means you have to go through a lot of content just to memorize all of it. Our course ourselves for the core

one and core 237 videos 19 hours of content. That's a lot of information to get a a a single A+

certification. And maybe by the time you finish watching the first video and you finally make it to video 137, do you

even remember what you were doing on video number one, what was that video even about? It would be nice to have

something that could help remind you or give you a little more insight into the things that you you saw in that first

video or in every video that you watched or maybe even the videos you didn't watch because you just didn't have time.

That is the reason I created my course notes. Here's a copy of the PDF version of my 2202 course notes. We of course

have this available in a physical edition as well. It is identical in content, identical in in style and

scope, but it is simply in a different physical dead tree type format there. It's real. It's physical thing. It's why

we call it the physical edition. The digital edition, as I mentioned, is identical. It has the table of contents

inside of it. There's links that can take you exactly there. And of course, we step through every video. All of the

text from every video is in here. All the important graphics, all the important charts, they are in this

document. And that's because I wanted to have a single place to go. Once you've watched all the videos, maybe you've

read a book or two, you've done some labs, you want a place where everything can be referenced quickly and easily.

And that is exactly what we've done with these course notes. If you want to know more about the course notes, you can see

them on our website. We have a little demonstration there you can go through. We also have both our core one and core

2 course notes out there. You can buy them together and you get a little bit of a discount. Maybe something to

consider as well when you try to purchase one of them. It'll ask you, hey, do you want the other one? Because

you get a little bit of a break on the cost. So that might be something to consider as well. It's also a great way

to support the things that we do here. Whenever we are creating new courses, it takes time and it takes effort and it

takes money to be able to make those courses. And thanks to you and your support, we are able to continue this. I

got a message from YouTube this week that said, you know, you hit 19 years since the very first video was put on

YouTube. That was an inmap video we added there 19 years ago and we have been going strong ever since thanks to

your support. So, thank you so much for this. Hopefully, this is a win-win. Not only you're supporting what we're doing,

we are hopefully supporting what you are doing well, which is to get a job in IT or even get a better job in it. And

maybe these course notes can help you as well. Find out more at professormemeser.com/202

notes. Uh let's do another question, shall we? Next on this list right here, this list is this question on this list

asks, "A network technician is setting up a new wireless network for a corporate headquarters.

Why would the technician choose enterprise mode instead of personal mode for this setup? Would that be because it

increases the wireless encryption strength? It allows for the use of more than one access point. It enables WPA3

single sign on. It enables 802.1Q trunking from the access point or it provides individual user account

management. Wow, there's a lot to work through there, but only one of these is going to

be the best answer in this scenario. If you think what you know what the answer is, go to the link on your screen,

professor messor.com/qa to lock in your answer. So a lot of us have wireless networks at home, but most

of our wireless networks at home are a personal mode wireless network. There's an enterprise mode as well and you

really have to understand some some access points don't call it enterprise mode. They call it other terms. So it's

important to know those other terms as well. But perhaps more importantly, why would you choose one over the other?

That's what we're asking this question. If you think you know the answer, you can submit your answer at that link we

have on the screen, professors.com/qa. These these answers here also I really have to parse these answers out as I'm

as I'm reading the answers out to you. I obviously wrote these questions and wrote these answers. Sometimes I read

through a question thinking, "Wow, which which one is it? I really have to think about this as I am going through each

one of these because all of these things might be things that I would like, but is that what the enterprise versus

personal mode does or does it not?" I have to kind of think about that as we're going through the pieces of this.

So hopefully you are familiar with those different security modes inside of wireless networks. If you're not, you're

about to be. We will go through them right now and figure out the details. In fact, now's a good time to do it. The

question again asks, "A network technician is setting up a new wireless network for corporate headquarters. Why

would the technician choose enterprise mode instead of personal mode for the setup?" Well, it's it's on a starship,

obviously. It increases the wireless encryption strength. It allows for the use of more than one access point. It

enables WPA WPA3 single sign on. It enables 802.1Q trunking from the access point or it provides individual user

account management. What did you choose? I can't wait to see this one. Here we go. Oh, another rainbow. And another one

where we did not get a majority. Although the plurality of you said provides individual user account

management. We have 27% that said enables WPA3 single sign on or SSO. 15% said it increases the wireless

encryption strength. 10% of you said that it allows for the use of more than one access point and then 8% said it

enables 802.1Q trunking from the access point. Well, which one is it? Well, let's look at enterprise mode, personal

mode, and any other mode options associated with this. Whenever you see this, if you go to your wireless access

point, this is a very basic wireless access point. And even this basic access point had a lot of different options.

Let me zoom up. Zoom in. Hold on. It's very difficult to do sometime on this particular access point. This is one

that was sort of uh one that allowed me to have no type of security. This is the security level that we are setting.

Currently on this access point, it's set to WPA2 personal. This might be at somebody's house, for example. Uh you

could of course turn off any security on your wireless access point by choosing none. Don't do that. That's not what we

want. That is not the right answer. Don't use that one. We have other options that are listed here, even on

this older access point that I have listed here. Web is one of the options. You don't really find that one anymore

and certainly not one you should choose. Notice when we get to others and I'm going to scroll down here to the WPA3

options. There is a WPA2, WPA3 personal. We could do just a WPA3 personal, but there's also a WPA3 enterprise. And

that's what we were choosing in this case. We had to choose between the personal version and the enterprise

version. And this becomes a little bit of a challenge. If it's open, anybody can access this particular uh device,

this particular um access point. You don't need any type of authentication. If you're doing a personal, you might

also see this listed as a PSK. It stands for pre-shared key. That means that everybody on the network has to know the

key to be able to use that particular wireless network. If this is in your house, for example, you probably have it

set up this way. So, it's a personal setting. Uh, and people come over to visit, they go, "Oh, what's your

wireless password?" Oh, it's Ninja One. It's stay off my wireless network. It's whatever your password happens to be.

And that's that's a good one to use because it's just your local family and friends. You don't have to worry so much

about somebody coming in from outside for a day using your network and then you never see them again. So personal

networks give you a little bit more flexibility and and it's a little more simpler. You just give everybody the

same password and they've got it. If you need to change the password, it changes for everybody. Well, if you start

thinking about an enterprise, that is not a great way to do it. You mean I'd have to share my password with everybody

in the company for the wireless network and then they could give that password to someone else and they would also have

access to that? That's a bad idea, too. And then what if one person leaves the company? Well, then I'd have to change

the password and then tell everybody what the new password is. That doesn't sound very effective either. So, we need

some other way to authenticate and provide a functionality that would allow us to

get people onto the network, but allow them to use their personal credentials, allow them to use their personal

username and their personal password. And maybe even it's the same username and password they use for everything

else in the company. That's how most pe most organizations will do it. Here's your login name. Here's your login

password. go. You can use that username and password for anything you run into. Use it for your VPN access. Use it to

log into your computer at the beginning of the day. Use it for the wireless network. Use it for everything. And the

reason we're able to have that level of access, that very detailed individual access, is we're using the enterprise

mode, which integrates it with some type of authentication service like Radius, LDAP, uh, TACax, or some other type of

method to be able to authenticate individuals onto the network. You might also see this mode listed as 802.1x.

That refers to network access control which is effectively what we're doing with this is providing network access

control. That's what enterprise really turns on is that that aspect of Knack functionality. Knack is a bigger term

that has a lot of other things associated with it. But from an authentication perspective, it means

that you can use your personal authentication to be able to access the the wireless access point. This makes it

very easy when somebody leaves the organization, we disable their account and then because we disabled their

account, they can't log into a computer. They can't access files that are on a share and they can't log into and access

the wireless network because their account has been turned off. And we have set up individual user account

management through the use of that enterprise mode. So the 39% of you that chose individual user account management

got that one spot on. That is the answer that we were looking for. That's what enterprise turns on is network address

network the network assignments that would allow you to manage it at an individual level. That's exactly. So if

you're using Microsoft's active directory, you're probably using LDAP as that management functionality. The

access point checks that account login and would allow or disallow access to all of that. Almost all companies

configure an enterprise mode on their access points or configure it for 802.1x.

The terms will be different depending on the access point you are using. And when you have that, now you're using

everybody's individual login to access the network. 27% of you said it would enable a WPA3 single sign on. Single

signon is a very specific function. You would need to have protocols and systems set up that understand that single

signon capability. For example, in Microsoft Windows, Heraros is what is used to provide that single sign on

function. But there's nothing about enterprise mode or personal mode that has anything to do with single sign on.

that that 802.1x functionality doesn't by itself provide any type of single sign on. So that would not be the answer

that we were looking for. Uh the enterprise versus personal mode really changes nothing with the encryption

strength. You get it you get exactly the same encryption on a personal network that you get on an enterprise network.

There is no difference between those. And why wouldn't you? There's nothing at home that you're doing. In fact, I would

argue the things you're doing at home might even be more important to keep safe than the things you are doing at

work because it's your personal information. It's your personal files. It's your personal finances. It's your

personal documents and pictures and videos from your last vacation that you want to keep private that only you have

access to those things or you have the control over the access of those things. So, encry encryption strength does not

change whether you go personal or enterprise. uh allowing uh 10% set allows for the use of more than one

access point. Nope, that has nothing. The enterprise and personal has nothing to do with the number of access points.

I'm using a personal mode on my network. And on my network, I have one, two, three, four access points and one access

point repeater that's in the garage. So, I've got a I've got a a very spread out area. So, I really need to

distribute the access points across different floors, across different sides of the house. These access points, they

they just don't put out a lot of signal. So, you really got to have I had to have multiples just to cover everything I

needed to cover. Uh, and one of those is in the studio. So, unlike a normal house, I have a separate studio wireless

network set up here as well. I can do that all on a personal network. So, you don't need uh any type of changes to

enterprise mode or personal mode to have more than one access point. And then lastly, 8% of you said enables 802.1Q

trunking from the access point. Most access points don't trunk. Usually that's a switch functionality. I guess

it could, but moving between personal and enterprise mode has nothing to do with trunking functionality, assuming

that an access point could even provide that to you. Now, the access points I have actually do have a a trunking or a

tagging functionality I can add. So that one SSID, one network, wireless network name might be on one VLAN, a different

wireless network name might be on a different VLAN. So there might be a little bit of what some might consider

tagging, but it's not trunking. Trunking would be to take uh multiples and and uh multiple VLANs and separate them out

across and span them and transmit them across multiple switches. That's not exactly what an access point is doing,

but we can kind of stretch the terms a bit. We know what they're talking about when someone says trunking. Tagging

would have probably been a more specific and perhaps a better term to use there to help fool you a little bit better.

But indeed, this has nothing to do with personal versus enterprise anyway. So whether you're trunking or tagging or

doing anything with 802.1Q doesn't apply here. Only 80% of you thought you did anyway. In this case,

the only answer is the one that 39% of you chose. It provides individual user account management because we have

network access control or what many people will call 802.1x that provides the ability to use your

own username and password when accessing the network. If you're watching this video for continuing education unit

credit, I would love to send you an email that provides a uh an attachment, a digital signature attachment that

certifies that you were here for a 1h hour webinar category CEU. The way that you would earn that CEU is you would

follow these instructions. If you do not follow these instructions, you do not get a CEU. I get a couple of those every

time we do one of these. So, I try to make that very clear. You must follow these instructions. The instructions are

go to the top or the bottom of the Professor Messor website, click contact us. On a form that pops up when you

click contact us, put in your name, your email address. In the subject line, please put June 2026 core 2 or June 2026

220 uh maybe 2026 Core2 A+ something similar to that in the subject line. And then in

the body of the message on a line by itself, put the super secret code words of the month, user account management.

Those are the three words that are your super secret code words of the month. You can put other things in that message

if you'd like to. If you'd like to send me a note, I'm reading through every single one of these. I like to read

them. So, I appreciate you putting them in there, but you don't have to. If all you want to do is get the email from me

and let's not mess around and let's I'm not sending you a message. That's fine, too. I get you. So, just put in user

account management. Let's go through the instructions again. Go to the top or the bottom of the Professor Messor website.

Click contact us. Put in your name, your email address. In the subject line, please put June 2026 core 2 A+. In the

body of that message, please put the super secret code words of the month, user account management. I turn these

things around probably in about a week or so. So, don't be alarmed if the return email doesn't appear in a matter

of moments. That's because I'm here right now doing this. But, I try to get to these things. I'll probably get these

done this weekend, in fact, because I want to be sure I get those out to you. Have a look and and get them to me as

soon as you can, and I'll make sure I get those turned around by the weekend. Uh hopefully that gives you some place

to go with thinking about what you would do if you needed some CEUs. I realize not everybody uses CEUs to renew their

certification anymore, and that's okay. I don't I don't mind sending these out even if you don't use them. So, it's a

very simple thing for me to do. I just need to go through all of them to confirm that you followed the

instructions, to confirm that you got the super secret code words correct, and if those two things match, I send them

right out to you. I have >> [clears throat] >> I have AI that does this for me. I

don't. It's just a script. I just wrote a script. I'm just calling everything AI now. I'd put gas in my car using AI.

Everything's AI, so why not do it that way? Speaking of not using AI and needing something that would be 100%

accurate towards the very specific exam objectives for this exam. Let's talk about my practice exams book. I wrote

this book because there's so many bad questions on the internet. They are just everywhere. What I started to find when

I started looking around the internet is that the questions that are out there, many of them completely outdated, asking

you about topics that have nothing to do with the most current A+ exam. It's asking you a question about token ring.

You know that that hasn't been on the exam for 15 years. So, those types of things are common and it's a waste of

your time and doesn't help you at all with studying for the most current exam or helping you earn that certification.

I also find a lot of questions that really do not ask you accurate information. They'll have a question and

an answer, but the question and answer really don't have anything to do with each other. So that's that's kind of a

weird one, but I find it a lot I find a lot of questions that are just nonsequittors, have nothing to do with

the set of answers that are there. And most of them don't even give you an explanation on why that would be the

wrong answer. And the the other thing I tend to find is questions that really don't prepare you for the style or the

tone of the actual exam. That's because the exam has a very specific way of asking questions that many people aren't

ready for. Many people think it's going to be a simple Q&A like what do the letters HTTP stand for? You don't you

will not get a question like that on your exam. That's just a gimme. Um and it doesn't really help the exam know

that you really understand the content. This exam is very specific. So let let me give you an example. I have a

practice exams book that I wrote because of this. This practice exams book contains 380 pages. This is a thick

book. Has three separate 90 question practice exams inside of it. The practice exams inside of it have both uh

multiple choice questions and performance-based questions inside of the book. You'll find performance-based

questions that I have inside of that. So, each exam has five performance-based questions and 85 multiple choice

questions. But I wanted to show you one. Let's go through a question from the practice exams book so that you can kind

of get a feel for what these questions are like on an actual exam. So here we go. This this is one that is question

A11 in my practice exams book. It's on page six. So we know exactly where this is if you want to look in your practice

exams book. And again, please no answers in the chat room. I realize we don't have this in our Q&A but just follow

along with me. The question asks, after a user authenticates to a website, the browser performs very slowly and some of

the items on the page will not display properly. Which of the following would be the best way to resolve this issue?

Should we disable browser notifications, update the web server certificate, update the system BIOS, or clear the

browser cache? Now, this is a PDF, so I can even annotate. Uh there's certain things that I want to bring out on here,

certain words that are important to me. I can I can do that either with my mouse or if I have a stylus, I can actually

write on the page. And of course, you can save these. So, next time you bring up the document, everything that you

saved is in there. We don't restrict or prevent you from doing any of that inside of this PDF. Now that we've

looked through the question and the answers, we might choose one. We might think we know what the answer might be.

If you just want to know whether it's ABC, B, C, or D, I have a big page on page 33 that I call my quick answers,

which will just tell you every question and whether it's ABC, B, C, D, or E, or whatever it happens to be. But I want

more detail. I want to really understand what the right answer is and what the wrong answers are. And so I have another

section called the details. It's on page 49. As I mentioned, we're currently on page six. Well, I don't want to have to

scroll, scroll, scroll, scroll, scroll through a PDF file. Nobody enjoys doing that. So in my document, I've created

quick links on each one of these. When I mouse over where it says the details, notice the arrow changes to a little

hand, which means I can click on it and it takes me to that page just like that. And it shows me A11. Here's the question

again. After user authenticates, browser performs poorly. Here's the answers. And it tells me the answer is D. Clear the

browser cache. And like many practice exams you might find, we explain to you why the right answer really is the one

that is right. My problem though, when I'm taking a practice exam, it's practice. So, I'm going to get a lot of

these wrong. And the place that frustrates me greatly when I do this online is that's a great opportunity to

explain to me why the answer is wrong and teach me why I got the answer wrong so that next time I get the answer

right. So inside inside of my book, every incorrect answer is completely documented so you can understand why the

answer was not disable browser notifications, why the answer was not update the web server certificate, and

why the answer was not to update the system BIOS. We go through each one of these and we kind of close that loop so

that if you got it wrong, now you know why you got it wrong. You know why the right answer is right. And if any of

these topics ever show up again on any other question anywhere else, even on your actual exam, you will understand

the implications of each individual topic. It's almost like you're getting four different questions in one question

because of the way that we document these in the book. And if you went through this question and none of this

makes any sense to you and you're thinking, I don't know what you're talking about. I don't know these terms.

I don't know these abbreviations. I don't know this context that you have this in. We can go right here at the

bottom. This is the video that I used to make this question is from our 122 course objective 3.4. The name of the

video is troubleshooting security issues. And you can use the QR code to go directly to that video or you can go

to the link on your screen professor messor.link2023041. Well, there you go. You've now got good

understanding of this particular question. Now, we want to go back to where we started. And if you didn't even

realize it, your PDF reader probably has a back button on it just like your browser has. So when I click the back

button, click, I'm back to where we started and I can go to the next question that is in the book. We can

work through all of the ones that are there. We can just go question by question by question. That's certainly a

good way to go through and understand what the different options might be. Just like with my practice exams books

or just like my course notes books, my practice exams books, you can get the core one and core two at the same time

at a little bit of a discount. So that's something that might save you a little bit of money. Something to consider or

you can buy them separately. Either way works for me. Doesn't matter. It's a great way again to support the things

that we do here and hopefully gives you something that can really help you study for this exam. I would argue better than

any other practice exam that you're going to find. Find out more about this. Go to professormemes.com/core2PE

for more information. This whole time I've really been talking about the exam itself and the exam

objectives. And you may be wondering what are these exam objectives that you're thinking about. The exam

objectives are available on the CompTIA website and tell you everything you need to know to pass this exam. Everything.

Well, what do I mean by that? Well, I happen to have a copy of the exam objectives right here for the 220 122

exam or what they are also calling the V15 for these. I don't know either, but there it is. And it goes through every

section like section one operating system. Section 1.1 says explain common operating system OS types and their