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[Greeting Professor Orbi] Greater distance increases perceived authority. [NVIDIA Founder] Why does Jensen Huang have authority? [Orbiting Distance] Because you never get to meet him. He's very far away. Jensen Huang's children [What are you, Dad?] they probably don't listen to their dad. If Jensen Huang says [To. His Kids] "Hey, buy NVIDIA," they'll say "What do you know, Dad?" [Fallen NVIDAD] [Changing Majors] [Jeongwaja] [A day in November when the rain is damp] [A man holding an umbrella] [Here comes JeonKAIja] [Umbrella Confiscated] Hasn't the rain stopped by now? [Protecting the Crown of the Head] No, it hasn't stopped. [Bickering] What are you talking about? No, I think it's stopped enough. No, it hasn't. Reviewing every major in the world it's Jeongwaja [Crisp Voice] and I'm Kai. [Over Mountains and Rivers] Today, we came to Daegu. What famous universities are there in Daegu, everyone? [Random Talk] Did you think of Makchang? No. Today [DGIST Logo] we came to DGIST. [DGIST] The university where students study damn well. As far as I know there's KAIST DGIST GIST. I know these three. UNIST. Ah, UNIST. [What is this ST] Why do they all end with "IST"? Is it a trend? If you look at the end it says Institute of Science and Technology. [-IST: Abbreviation for Institute of Science and Technology] [IST: Carries out R&D and nurtures talent in basic science and engineering] [State-established research university (KAIST, GIST, DGIST, UNIST)] [DGIST] The D.G in front is the abbreviation for Daegu-Gyeongbuk. [Trivial Knowledge +1] Wow, I didn't know that. This place is also famous recently because [Science Communicator] do you know the YouTuber Orbit? Yes, I know him. He joined here as an adjunct professor. [Meeting Naturally Possible?] Ah, then can we see him? [Let's Go Quickly] What major are we visiting today? Today's major is [Coincidence-Brain] Brain Science. Brain Science? Really? [Amazing Brain] The department that studies the brain. That's really awesome. [Intelligence Check] What is your IQ? My IQ is high. It's 138. [Doubt] Was that measured by a credible source? In elementary school. We used to take an IQ test once in elementary school. [Unexpected Brainiac] I got 138. If I hadn't danced and had studied instead I might currently [DGIST Confidence] be an admitted student at DGIST. Ah, if I'm an admitted student now. [Confidence Retracted] how many retakes would I have taken? [Brain science that looks several moves ahead] [Understanding the structure and principles of the brain] [Researching everything from brain diseases to AI] [DGIST, Department of Brain Science] [Brain talk starts] You know that thing these days that Elon Musk is doing putting a chip in the brain [Neuralink] connecting it to a computer like this, you know? [Burning Academic Desire] I'm so curious about things like that whether it's actually feasible. I'll ask the DGIST students and if it's feasible then I'll [All-in Life Savings] invest all my savings in Tesla. [True Colors Revealed] I will give you the department jacket today. Oh. [Looks Good for No Reason] DGIST. Wow, it's different. It's cool, very simple. [Wearing Completed] How is it, DGIST? [Everyone's done for today] What classes are we taking today? [Class 1. Introduction to Brain Engineering Professor Cho Yong-chul E4 Room 113] [Class 2. Brain Science Lab Professor Lee Kwang E4 Room 518] [Wait a minute] We're not doing brain dissection today, right? We really shouldn't do things like that. [If you do, you're done for] Dissection is a no-go. [Going to Class] We talked about IQ, right? So people like Einstein [Genius Brain] are their brains different? Are theirs actually bigger? [Leaving with Curiosity] Ah, ah. [Map Found] Is this the campus? [Clean] It's compact. It only has what it needs. [Spacious] It feels kind of like a new town. I quickly read through it. The names are just completely different. [Advanced Industry] Intelligent Robot Research Department, wow. [Future Industry Full Package] Future Car Research Department, wow. Is this going to fly now? [Way to School, Keep Going] Oh, the university is huge. Let's go. There's not a single person here. [Weather That Explains It] [Rain in a Student Drought] Oh, a DGIST student. Shall we interview him? Oh. [The reason for the DGIST-level surprise?] [Orbit / Adjunct Prof. / Ph.D. in Astronomy and Space Science, Yonsei Graduate School] [Science Talk Vending Machine] [Today's Special Guest] Oh, hello. [Glad] Oh my, what brings you here? [Greeting Orbit, Real Story] Wow, it's raining. It's raining too much. [Immediate Question] Scientifically, why does it rain? [Science Talk on Demand] Scientifically, of course, it rains. Due to the atmospheric activity created by the sun [Perfectly Clear] water vapor rises up and when it gets heavy, it comes down as rain. [The Sky Broke] Suddenly, heavy rain is pouring down again. It's because of the abnormal climate. Is this situation appropriate when we have a guest here? [Rain Pouring Down DGIST-style] [Filming Halted] Let's take shelter for a moment. The campus is actually really beautiful normally. [Taking Shelter under the Eaves] Ah, all the staff stick here and only the cast members will stand here. What is this? But you have an umbrella. [Absurd] Seriously, what kind of treatment is this? [Jeongwaja's Special Treatment] Is this how you do it? It's always like this. There are no normal people here. [Abnormal Summit] Please give us a tour of the school today. [Shouting in the Downpour] I can't hear you well. What did you say? The school tour. [Long-Distance Talk] The school tour. Also, the things you're curious about. Can I ask everything I'm curious about? What I'm curious about right now is whether we'll keep [Huge Question] filming now? [Disaster Scene] Why is the wind suddenly blowing? Wow, this is no joke. [About to Fly Away] Is this right? Is this right when we have a guest here? Why is the wind blowing? Seriously, why is the wind blowing? Professor, what is happening here? [This is not a disaster movie] [Calmly talking science alone] Wind is also normal atmospheric activity and the current situation... [Still not pulling themselves together] [Reorganized] Shall we go for now? Where are we going, though? Brain Science Department. The Brain Science Department is actually very important. [Good Brain] It is also a field that DGIST is doing very well in. [Important Brain] In this AI era, brain science is very important. Well, because what Elon Musk is doing these days is putting a chip in the brain. [Hot Topic] Neuralink. Yes, Neuralink. [Curious Retail Investor] Will that actually be possible to realize? Actually, it was a very hot topic among brain scientists. [Starting with the Principle] Reading the signals from our brain and transmitting those signals to the muscles in our body to move [When is the conclusion..] and interpreting this signal and uploading it to our brain or downloading it, that kind of thing. Is that possible? Honestly, that is a story of the very distant future. [Disappointed Retail Investor] [Going back to the explanation] The languages are completely different. The signals coming from the brain and the hardware storage devices that we have. It's better to watch Orbit on YouTube. Because on YouTube [Cannot Skip] you can turn it off. But truly, at the Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology as far as I know the number of applicants for this IST this year [A big Surge] is the highest ever. Oh, really? It's been crazy this year. [Sci-Tech Students Wish] DGIST probably has the highest competition rate. [Form is Crazy] [Undergraduate Major] Professor, what was your major? My major was Astronomy and Space Science. And currently, I am an adjunct professor in the Division of Convergence and Basic Studies. [Brain Freeze] That convergence, what? [Overthinking] Yoon Bok-hee? No, convergence. [Current Trend] A collection of advanced science and technology. You have to learn everything. Math, Physics Electronic Engineering, Quantum Mechanics. I like Quantum Mechanics [Quick Wit] but I don't want to hear about it today. Oh, you like Quantum Mechanics? I like it. When you say you like something [Warning: Ears may Bleed] you have to be careful. [Oops] The conversation might get long. Then, you know that cramming for studying thing? Does that actually help? [Admiration] Ah, that's such a good question, really. Have you crammed a lot? [Lightning Man] I've done it too much. I only cram. Even the act of cramming [Praise First] is a tremendous talent. [Feeling Good for No Reason] [Cramming Effect] You achieve ultra-high concentration. [MAX Concentration] You enter a great state of arousal so studying goes very well and you remember things very well. [Really?] Ah, it definitely helps? It definitely helps. But the unfortunate thing is that there is one drawback. [Flickering Memory] It's hard for it to convert into long-term memory. Ah, it's hard to remember for a long time. It's hard to last long. So, what is the solution to this? Just cram periodically. [Feeling Tricked] Ah, then that's just studying. [Clear Sky] Oh, the weather suddenly got so nice, wow. [Fickle Weather] The sun is out. Professor, why is this happening? The sun didn't actually rise. [Fact Bomb] It was already up. The clouds just disappeared. Professor ["T" Type] are you a "T"? [Changing Topic to Interests] We're having a group blind date these days where we're setting up a 3-on-3 group date. Is there a scientific way for it to go well? [Intriguing] You had a 3-on-3 group date? A 3-on-3 group date. It is already mathematically [Golden Ratio] an optimized group date. Oh, why? [Explanation ON] In the case of 3-on-3, even if one messes up [Winning by Numbers] the rest can defend. [Science Orbit] Therefore, 3-on-3 is the most rational structure. I'll tell you this much. Professor, did you go on many group dates? Ah, well, I... [Selective Silence] No comment. [Scientifically speaking] Which majors pair best for success? For majors, honestly there are too many variables. Science Major and Liberal Arts Major. Oh, woah. That's it. You already know the answer. [Orbit's Tip] Science and Liberal Arts has a high success rate. Oh, why? [Physics Approach] They follow a complementarity principle. That means a common joke among science students is received very freshly by the other person. [Like N and S Poles] Those things create curiosity. And while seeing slightly different aspects there is a slight [Opposite Charm] sense of sexiness you feel. [Psychological Distance] Greater distance increases perceived authority. For example, you don't listen well to your parents, right? [Too Intimate] Because the distance is close. [NVIDIA Founder] Why does Jensen Huang have authority? [Gye-t Distance] Because you never get to meet him. He's very far away. Jensen Huang's children [What are you, Dad?] they probably don't listen to their dad. If Jensen Huang says [To. His Kids] "Hey, buy NVIDIA," they'd say "What do you know, Dad?" [Fallen NVIDAD] [Bust Found] Oh, what is this? Isn't that Einstein? [Ultimate Brainy Guy] Is Einstein's brain actually bigger? [Huge Brain] Just looking at him now his face is certainly big. [Prey Spotted] This is a great question right now, too. He's the genius of the century. [Curious Brain] Everyone is so interested in Einstein's brain. But actually, the doctor who performed the autopsy on Einstein took his brain stole it. [Crazy Brain] After stealing it, he researched it himself but also he sliced it up and sent it to countless people as a way to research it together. But actually, there was no difference. [Same as Average Person] It's the same? Because it's like this. [If compared to a computer] Viewing the hardware with bare eyes is pointless. You have to actually turn on the power and test the speed and things like that to know how good the performance is. [Irrelevant Brain] So, it has little to do with size? Right, the size... [Orca / Human] If so, whales or elephants would be far smarter. [X-Large] Their brains are much bigger than humans'. Ah, but [Small Head] even though your face is small, you're smart. [Immediate Boast] My IQ is 138. Excellent. Oh, is this considered high? - It's very high. - I took the test in elementary school. Ah, excellent. Professor, what is your IQ? Mine was 147. [Rapid Degeneration] Now I think it's about 47. [Cruel Time] No matter how plastic the brain is it gradually degenerates due to aging. Does IQ actually decrease due to aging? [To be precise] There is a decline in cognitive ability. [Brain Prime Time] The brain's peak is at age 19? Maybe [Statistically] I think around twenty years old is the peak. It would be different for everyone. [Alcohol Issue?] Ah, so by drinking alcohol does it keep declining steadily from your twenties? You don't drink alcohol until you're 19. When you drink alcohol, it's ethanol. When you consume ethanol, inside the body [Science Terminology Fired] it breaks down into Acetaldehyde. [Fatal Blow to the Brain] This now affects certain major parts of the brain. It's a kind of toxic substance. [Orbit's Babble Continues] So, ultimately it gets broken down in the liver [Forced Attendance at 0th Period] and then it is resolved. Until then, it continuously attacks the brain. [Blackout] That's why we black out. [Speaking of which] Why do we actually black out? [The Principle of Blackout] The residual ethanol and acetaldehyde go to the brain and attack it. Then, the process is clearly running fine but it's not being saved. [Summary Complete] Memories aren't erased but they aren't saved at all. People whose saving function is attacked are the ones who usually black out. [Various Fatal Blows] But some people have their thinking attacked. Then they do strange things. [Different Drunk Behaviors] So each person gets attacked in a different area? Everyone has slightly different characteristics. What about those who sleep? Those who sleep? [A Blessing Instead] That's fortunate. Let's go to the next statue. - It's already over. - Ah, we barely talked about Einstein. [Orbit-Babble Still Lacking] Einstein kept quantum mechanics... [Skip 5 Seconds] [Self-Skipping] When do we go to class? This is class right now. [Science Talk Too Rich] I can't turn off YouTube. [Next Bust] Ah, ah, Ramón y Cajal. What? He is a Spanish neuroscientist. I've never met him. I just briefly looked at it. Statues 1, 2, 3, 4... [Others] Filming [Never Ending Story] will never end. [Forced End of Bust Introduction] Have you ever talked to students? Ah, of course, many times. There aren't many people on this campus, right? Yes. That is what makes it cool. Why is that cool? Because [Cool People] they are all doing research. Ah! They don't enjoy this beautiful campus. Because I find the research right in front of me [Science Freak] more interesting than this beautiful campus. [DGIST School Spirit] This is DGIST. [Respect] That is impressive, though. Yes, truly. [Student Spotted] Hello. Can we interview you? I'm a graduate student. Wow, you can tell just by looking. [Minimum PhD Aura] This person is an excellent researcher. Wow, I get a strong feeling. What is your major? I'm majoring in chemistry. Last Monday [PhD Thesis] I passed the defense. What is a defense? [Dialogue Breakdown] It's a conversation just between the two of them. He's a PhD now. - Ah, PhD. - He just got his PhD. [Know-it-all] Ah, no wonder, his aura is already the aura of an expert. Were you good at studying? I went to a general high school, but still [Top Tier] I think I was in the top few. [Undergrad = DGIST] I graduated from the same university. [DGIST Science Talent] DGIST bachelor's, master's, and PhD. Ah, that is incredible. It's truly the elite course. What was your major? Surprisingly, the bachelor didn't have majors. [What does that mean?] It's non-departmental. There were no fixed majors. [DGIST Track System] [Students freely choose and take major courses] [And are awarded a diploma based on completed credits] I can choose when I graduate. Depending on which ones I took many of I can decide whether to get a Bachelor of Science or a Bachelor of Engineering. [Wide Range of Choices] The freedom is very high. Ah, then DGIST [Always Thinking of Group Dates] won't have department group dates? I haven't been on a department group date but I did 3-on-3 group date [Group Date Experienced] with Daegu National University of Education. Ah, 3-on-3, as expected. Then what do you talk about? Truly surprisingly [Bad Feeling] I think we talked a lot about science. [Love for Science] Wow, that's the world I dream of, truly. [Strategy Meeting] I strongly advised my friends before going "Please, let's not talk about science." Why? It's such a good thing, though. It's embarrassing. [Wrong Advice] You have to talk about science and make it fun. [Series of Surprises] Surprisingly, we did. Good job. But if it's a group date during undergraduate years [One-Upping] I think Newtonian mechanics is just right. [S... S... Stop...] [Failed to Get a Date] So you remained friends. Right, right. Of course we haven't contacted each other since then. Shall we send a video message? Recently [Immediate Update] they got married. [Ending with Good News] [Lunch Time] Have you eaten? I haven't eaten. But I don't have to eat. [Energy Source] Just talk. [Just Amazing] [Mouth of Terror] Because the mouth cannot do two things at once. [Eating with the Professor] Starting with lunch today. Good. [Entering Building] Professor, please go in. [SOS] Can we eat somewhere else, perhaps? [Obsessive Orbit] [Escape Failed] Ha, let's go eat. Good. [Arrived at Student Lounge] Hello. I brought the professor along, too. [Folding Bow] Ah, hello Professor. [Rational Doubt] Isn't he the professor? [I am a student] What major are you? In the Division of Basic Studies, [Brain Trust] I am enrolled in the Brain Science Track. Division of Convergence and Basic Studies? Oh yes, that's right. [Honey Dripping from Eyes] I am an adjunct professor in the division. You are exactly my students. How is it seeing the professor? It feels like [Dazed] a dream I have when I'm tired. [Man Like a Nightmare] [Throwing Bait] Usually, when you eat with professors isn't it a bit difficult? [Top-Tier Socializing] But our Orb-fessor is special. Orb-fessor, haha. My students call me Orb-fessor. [Nickname] Not Professor, but Orb-fessor. Let's eat first, kids. What are you eating here? We prepared lunch. Wow. [Thick Envelope] Looks like you ordered something delicious. Oh, oh. Hahahahahahaha. Baedal Minjok. Free delivery even for one serving. [Yes, an ad] [Unbelievable] Free delivery even if you order just one serving? [This is a Baedal Minjok ad] One serving with no minimum order amount! Real 1-person delivery service! When you're worried about solo meal menus Baemin One Serving. This is a Baedal Minjok ad. [National App] Wow, Baedal Minjok ad is so good. [Here it comes!] Baemin One Serving with no minimum order amount. [Very Useful] I knew that too. I use it too. [Perfect for Solo Eaters] Because I eat a lot of single servings. So you can order just one serving. [Perfect for Students] Delivery is possible even if you order just one. Yes, so today, since there is no burden of a minimum order amount [One Menu Per Person] I think you can each order what you want to eat. Oh, really? [Menu Check] What do you guys want to eat? [Perfect Lunch Menu] I feel like having a hamburger. Oh, a hamburger is good. I want Jajangmyeon. Jajangmyeon, okay. [One Serving Order Complete] [Getting specific...] I want Kimchi Jjigae and Donkatsu. [Can that also be delivered?] Professor, what will you have? [Getting Worse] Samgyeopsal. Samgyeopsal. [Seriously?] Samgyeopsal? Samgyeopsal. [This is possible] Okay. I'll have Issac Toast. [Wait] But Issac Toast's one serving does that cover the cost? Isn't it like 4,000 won? [Baemin Makes it Happen] Wow, that's possible? [Ordered the Desired Menu for Each Person] [Under 12,000 KRW Collection] Ah, everything you mentioned is available. They actually sell them as single servings and even with discounts. [Targeting Solo Eaters] It would be great for eating alone in the dorms. It's really so good. I usually [Planning to Order Two Servings] eat two servings anyway. Jaeseo doesn't lose either. [Forming Consensus] You usually eat two servings, right? Ah, I usually [Meal Routine Briefing] eat three Whoppers and a large french fries and a large Coke. Ah, but the coke is also [Self-Control] Zero Coke. [I Know, I Know] Zero Coke, slightly flat Zero Coke. ZERO delivery fee worries! Freedom to choose solo meal menus! [Without Burden] [Ordering] [Amazing Meal] Baemin One Serving. [Waiting for Delivery] My brain is less awake in the morning. When I open my eyes, I can't speak well [Aging Started?] and my memory is hazy and my body doesn't move well. This is a famous story. You should sleep in 90-minute increments. Have you heard that? [Only 90 Minutes?] Are you talking about a nap? You should sleep in multiples of 90 minutes. [90-Minute Sleep Rule] [According to the sleep cycle that repeats in approximately 90-minute increments] [It is recommended to wake up during the light sleep stage] Do you sleep like that? So purposely if you go to bed late instead of sleeping more, you just [90 Minutes X 2] sleep for three hours, for example. [Initial Distrust] That's a lie. Seriously. The kids are all ganging up and tricking me. [Victim Mentality] Just because they know some science. [Baemin One Serving Delivery Arrived] [Generous] This all came separately as single servings. [Baemin One Serving delivered what everyone wanted to eat] [Issac Toast delivered to the mouth] [Hamburger delivered to the mouth too] [With Orb-fessor] [Diverse Lunch] [Abruptly] Ah, didn't you apply to KAIST? I did. I even had the interview. But during the interview [Suddenly?] I cried. [Why on earth?] So the interviewer said things like "Everyone is nervous and struggling." [Turns out it was a warm conversation] You were comforted. [Suddenly Curious] But when you receive comfort why do tears come out, scientifically? You cry when you're angry too. [Excited about Science Talk] Ah, that's such a good question. [Moved] Tears come out even when you're extremely happy. Tears come out even when you're extremely happy. This is so interesting. [Homeostasis] Our brain is always trying to maintain a balance. If you're too happy [Emotion Control] tears come out to shift it toward the negative. Ah, so it controls the emotion with tears. If you're too shocked, you laugh. I laughed even when I was hit on the palm like this. That is now [Quick Cut-off] a tendency. [Hamburger Fountain Show] [Q. Field of research you are interested in?] It's called optogenetics. [Neuroscience Trend] Ah, it's a hot field. When light is applied nerve cells are activated [Brain Manipulation] and certain specific behaviors are induced. Like in Men in Black when you see the light, memory instantly... Is that possible? By using light [Memory-related Cells] something related to memory can be activated and deactivated and that kind of thing. [Men in Black Soon Possible] It's currently possible at the laboratory level. [Inception Possible Too?] Does that mean dreams can be manipulated? [Actual Research Underway] These days, displaying dreams the resolution has increased significantly and now, AI is doing very well. What? They show dreams? [Restoring "Dreams" with Brainwaves] By looking at which part of the brain is activated [Japanese Researchers, AI Dream Visualization] they display it and what I am currently seeing is displayed on the screen. I can't show my dreams. [Suspicious Dream] Because you laughed even after being hit earlier. I can't show my dreams. [Kids Go Away] [By the way] What time is it now? It's 45 minutes. Has it been that long already? [Scheduled Farewell] See, I thought we would run out of time. Originally [Candid Remark] it's enough time for filming. [24 Hours is Not Enough] [Class Issue] I have to leave first because of class. [See you again, Orb-fessor] [Orb-fessor Character Deletion Complete] [Brainy Man Wannabe] Is there a way to study well? [Study Tip 1. Yellow Lighting Space] [Subtle Atmosphere] If you go to a study cafe it's slightly dim with a yellow light. [Insomnia Cured] So you can sleep well, right? Right. [Curveball is Crazy] [Attention Snackies] And right, when studying [Study Tip 2. Taking Notes with a Blue Pen] [Proven Effect] Even considering light or illuminance [If you study with a blue pen] when it goes back to the brain [Efficiency increases] it's a color that remains a little longer. [Extra Review Tip] But writing is just writing exactly what I already did again so it doesn't activate the brain that much. That's why I do a blank sheet test. [Study Tip 3. Blank Sheet Test Review] [Major Student Secret] Then the brain is activated again concerning new information and then memory retention improves. [Engraving it into the Brain] This seems good. - It's good, right? - I think it's good. Is there anything else like that? [Information Accumulation] Short-term memory has to transfer to long-term for what I studied to remain with me, right? I'm not good at long-term memory. The hippocampus is what makes short-term memory transfer to long-term memory. How is long-term memory created? The hippocampus creates it while you sleep. [Study Tip 4. Adequate Sleep] [Secret Sleep] During class time? [Seriously?] We are having department group dates these days. Do you have any group dating tips? Yesterday during class I got neuroscience-based [Here comes the big one] blind date tips. Tell me. First, it's called imitation. If KAIja is doing this, then [Mirror Match] I do this too. [Decalcomania] Exactly the same. - You copy. - If you copy the same action like this [Mirror Neuron] [When imitating others' actions the mirror neuron area is activated] [Helps increase likability] [One More Tip] When a person gives dopamine beyond expectations [Thrilling] that becomes motivation. So show something beyond expectation. Like Jaeseo [Exceeding Expectations] eating 3 hamburgers and stuff like that. [Dopamine Rush] Choose a menu that brings a dopamine rush! Even if many people gather, I choose what I want! I want to eat again. Baemin One Serving. [Class 1 (Introduction to Brain Engineering)] [Start of Real Class] It's the Introduction to Brain Engineering class. We're going to learn how to manipulate the brain and stuff like that. [Jeongwaja has entered the classroom] Hello kids, hello. [Aftermath of Orb-fessor] But we talked too much earlier I feel like my brain is going to shut down. [0% Empathy] The brain never shuts down. ["T" style Fact Assault] If you take an fMRI, the brain is always working. What we call a brain shutdown [Extreme "T"] is brain death. [Do I not know that?] [Background Check] What is your MBTI? [ESTP] [INFP] [ENFJ] Are you sure you're an "F"? [Don't play "F"] Ah, I don't think so. [Full Survey] No, hey, raise your hand if your MBTI is an "F"? [Two people here] [Two people here too] So the rest are all "T"s? ["F" with no trace of "T" visible] What I'm curious about is [Which came first, "T" or Engineering?] do people who are "T" come to engineering school or do they become a "T" because they study engineering? Investigating that antecedent relationship [Tiring "F" Style] is also the role of a scientist. [Lonely True "F"] You are really an "F"? I will definitely research that. Definitely research this. Someone research this and submit a paper on it. [Exhausted "F"] [Professor Appears] Oh, the professor is here. Hello. [Cho Yong-chul / Professor PhD in Bioengineering, Seoul National University] [DGIST Brainy Man] Oh, Professor [Cute] you have a small head. [Brain God?] Who? I am the transfer student. KAIja, the Jeongwaja. [Greeting with Brain Bow] Nice to meet you. [Bright Brain Welcome] Welcome today and I hope you find the class interesting. [JeonKAIja's hand up] Have you seen "Inside Out"? Ah, yes, I love it. Which character do you like? [Why that suddenly?] Uhh, all of them. What about you, Jeongwaja? I like Fear. Why? I think you look a bit like him. Ah, me? Me, Fear? [Chuckling] [Introduction to Brain Engineering Major (3 credits)] [Understanding the Engineering Approach to Core Principles of Brain Science] [What is Brain Engineering?] Our class is now learning very detailed brain engineering. We call it engineering, right? [Starting with Basic Concepts] It's the definition of engineering from Wikipedia. We are taking a Brain Engineering class and it might be good to know this beforehand. [What is Engineering] Engineering is completely different from science. [Scientist] Scientists try to understand nature [Engineer] Engineers try to create what does not exist. How can we [The Engineer's Mission] create something that doesn't exist right now? [Grand] We make a thing. We make something. [Engineering Hype Injection] [Question Here] What brain diseases commonly come to mind for you? Anyone, speak up loudly. Schizophrenia. Alzheimer's. Parkinson's. But the various things you have listed right now [Currently Incurable] still don't have a specific, definitive cure. [Unknown World] The brain is the field where we know the least. [Brain Agrees] Before we fully understand all the principles [Solution First] let's try engineering. Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Schizophrenia there are various diseases we haven't conquered. [Endless Waiting] Before exploring all the principles [make a thing] let's find a method, let's find a solution. That is the essence of brain engineering. [What solution?] Shouldn't that be done at the hospital? [Because that is engineering] Our job is to create what is used in the hospital. Now [Basic explanation is over] it's time to move on to Behavior Phenotype. [Immediate Crisis] Huh? If I exhibit some very unique behavior [Cause of Behavior = Brain] and that behavior is controlled by neuroscience what we need to correct that behavior [Need for Brain Engineering Intervention] is a neuroengineering intervention. So we need to know which behaviors are controlled by the brain. [I don't get it] What does that mean? [Example Explanation Incoming] A representative example to help you understand is gait. One of the episodes of "Unanswered Questions" that I find interesting is when [Gait Analysis] the culprit was caught by their walking pattern. [Something I know for once] I know that episode. [Here's a compliment] A very excellent student has transferred. [Praise makes KAIja dance] It's called in-toeing gait. [Pigeon Toe] There are some people whose feet turn inward. [Related to Brain Disease] That is a typical behavioral phenotype. [Concentrating Brain] Look at the gait of the mouse on the left and the gait of the mouse on the right. [No Footprints] [Footprints in all four places] In fact, when they looked at people [Connection between Brain and Gait Pattern] before Alzheimer's dementia were later diagnosed they found that those people's gait had become strange. But why this happens if we simplify it further from an engineering perspective [Information Input: Walking] the structure and function of the nervous system [Brain: Information Processing] is like the control center where it determines behavior from certain information, right? [Gait Disorder] That process is different for this person. To correct that [Engineering Deployment] brain engineering intervention is needed. Professor, but the brain is [KAIja's Interpretation] like a computer. [Not bad] Oh, that's a good, very good question. If you want to approach brain engineering easily [Brain] substituting it with a computer makes it easy. Is it input or output? Or is it a memory device? Or a control device? [Understanding Brain Structure and Function] Knowing exactly where I am engineering right now is necessary so that [Engineering Intervention] the method can be easily implemented. [My IQ is 138] [One method of engineering intervention] So I gave you a piece of information about an input device. [Innate Human Ability] Sight, touch, feeling senses all of these can be input devices [Engineering Input Device] but there are other ways to put information into my brain in a different manner. [=Ultrasound] There are several things, including acoustics a paper on this also came out recently. It's a recently published paper. [Gathering into one] You can focus ultrasound. [Olfactory Input via Ultrasound] By doing that and disrupting the olfactory center this person felt the smell even though there were no chemical substances. [Rich Imagination] Oh, this would be great to put in a TV. Exactly, that's it. Japan has been earnestly conducting that research since long ago, a Scented TV. [KAIja's imagination becomes reality] The interesting thing is that these important news items are [Hot off the press] posted 20 hours ago. This is why I [Looking at papers] never get any sleep. [The professor's secret hobby] The professor is talking [Guys, isn't this fun] while smiling. He looks very happy. He is extremely happy. Early yesterday morning [Favorite Item Added] this paper came out. [It's a gift] I thought, "Oh, this is perfect," and decided to bring it to class today. Look at the title. [Suddenly Excited State] Pigeon! [Open wide, the next paper is coming in] [Bleeding out of my ears...] It's a 1978 paper, right? This paper was revealed a very long time ago. It's a paper published in Science. [Progress flying away like migratory birds] [Professor, I can't keep up...] [So what] ["T"eacher who can't empathize] [Flash] [Suddenly Curious] Professor, what is your MBTI, if I may ask? It was ENFP. Professor, you should [Confirmed "T"-eacher] try taking it again. Why? I just think you should try taking it again. ["T" Brain Path Life / I LOVE Brain Engineering] [DGIST "T"-eacher Professor Cho Yong-chul For full lectures, please contact the admissions] [Class 2 (Brain Science Experiment)] Right, Brain Science Experiment. We are going to do an experiment now. [1st Period Class] Then are we doing that mouse thing from earlier? We can do something similar. [Mousetastic] We can definitely see mice. Live mice? Right. KAIja, have you seen a mouse? [Clinical Pathology Major Background] I've seen dead mice. [Enormous Size] Wow, it's really big. This place is called an open lab. [Open Lab] [So anyone can freely participate, learn and conduct research activities] [Open laboratory] [Change of Clothes Time] Now you just put on a gown here. I should change? Wow, I wear a gown a lot this season. [Gown Hierarchy] Have you ever sliced a mouse kidney? [Brain? Of course] I've sliced brains. [Mouse Mouse] I lost. I have something I sliced right now should I show you? Oh, show me. [Here's the brain] This is a brain sample. [Clinical Pathology Experience] It's the same as what I did. [Pretending to know] Was this done with cryosectioning? Oh, right, cryo... It's called Cryosectioning. [Shrug] Oh, I've done it. You need to step up your game this is a bit disappointing. [Advice] You should have sliced it thinner. [Sliced in half] [Entering the lab] [DGIST Equipment Class] How does a university have something like this? [Amazing] What is this? Oh, there's a mouse here. [Here's the mouse] [Overacting] Woah! Yuck! Eugh! They implanted a chip in the brain. [Everything is dark] [Reason for Mouse Experiment] We measure the signals coming out of here. [Playing with my mental state] Wow, I can't talk right now. Wow, seriously, this, really. [Desperate for a mouse hole] I actually do get brain freeze. [Brain Science Experiment II Major (2 credits)] [A class that observes and studies the brain signals of mice] [Lee Kwang / Professor PhD in Bioengineering, Yonsei University] [DGIST Serious and Earnest] There is an electrophysiological technique that connects the brain and a computer. [Elon Musk] Neuralink. It's similar. [Interest piqued] [Today's Class Objective] We research the brain. So let's take a look at how we are proceeding. Understood. First, I think you should look at the neural chip. [Brain-Connection Link-Computer] To connect the brain and a computer we must insert specific electrodes into the brain. So, take a look. This is what gets implanted. [Nano Neural Chip] It is actually thinner than a strand of hair. [64 electrodes contained in 1 neural chip] [Is this possible?] Electrodes like this are located within 1mm of the tip,. [Tech Class] Wow, there are so many. There are 64 of them. Here, 128 and next to it, 256 electrodes are contained. [1 hit 128 kills] I think oriental doctors would like this. Today, 128 electrodes [Neural Chip Insertion in Mouse Brain Complete] are inserted into the brain of a live animal. Which part of the brain is this inserted into? Currently, it is in a structure called the striatum [Learning Brain Signal Discrimination] where brain signals related to learning come out. [Tracking Dopamine Signals] My dopamine has completely erupted right now. [Mouse Brain Signal Observation Reward Conditioning Experiment] If you look above [Mouse brain signals transmitted from 128 neural chips] With this, we see how brain signals are acquired and interpreted from a behaving mouse. [Let's go for the experiment] [Experiment Explanation ON] The animal has already been conditioned for about seven days. [Trained Mouse] We start giving a specific scent and a few seconds later [Sugar Provided] we give a sweet reward. Then they lick their tongues to eat the reward. [After repeated learning] They recognize the scent as a reward so in between [Just by smelling the scent] they already show the behavior. They are anticipating it that the timing and the reward will come out. [Roger that] It's practically the same as Pavlov's dog. [Experiment Start] The TA will let you operate it once. Go ahead and try it. How do I do it? [Reward Button] You need to press this. Would you like to try? Yes. Should I press this? It's staying still now. [Experiment Start] I will press it. [Still calm brain signal] Now we are giving the animal a banana scent. [Licking tongue just by smelling the scent] [Brain signal explosion simultaneously with tongue licking] [Whoa] Oh. [128 brain signals, all with different wave sizes] [Recording Brain Signal Pattern] We record it along with the behavior. [Scent given to the mouse] But why did you set it to banana scent? More people like sweet things. Oh, individual differentiation, of course. Is it your personal preference? [The more, the merrier] I like everything, though. The banana scent [Do you fall for me?] is my personal preference. [Curiosity resolved complete] [Result Analysis] So, practically, this is what happens. On the first day, some neurons [Different timing] show a reaction slightly before the action while some neurons react exactly when the action occurs and after the action. [Similar timing] As it gets closer to the fourth day the signals gather closer to the action. And the fact that those neural circuits have changed means [Brain Plasticity] [The brain's nervous system changing its own neural circuits] [The property of changing in a specific direction according to specific environmental factors] [Into the brain] We are looking for brain signals related to dopamine. [High-pamine] Professor, when does yours come out highest? For me [Professor Specialty] when I research and new results appear. [Stepping away] Don't lie, seriously. [Flustered Ping] [Brain experiment where dopamine bursts] [DGIST Serious and Earnest Professor Lee Kwang For full lectures, please contact the admissions] [Leaving School] [Conceptually Faithful Interior] I visited the Department of Brain Science, DGIST. I came all the way to Daegu, and at DGIST [Fun Brain] I took a lot of really interesting classes so I felt really good. [Various Orbit Talks] Today, along with Orb-fessor we talked about various science topics while walking around DGIST. I actually thought that science has become very familiar to me. [Shoutout] I think it's partly thanks to Orb-fessor. So I had another thought about that. Today, a one-line poem with "Brain". [GMG] Brain. Brr? Brain. Brr? I said, Brain. Yeah, understood. [Sneak peek] Today's group blind date theme is [Science X Liberal Arts] the Liberal Arts and Science edition. [The extremes] "F"s and "T"s. Are we having a group blind date right now to conduct a social experiment? [The Love Experiment Has Begun] [Watch carefully engineering oppa's special talent] But perhaps... Why are you pretending you don't know me? [From old connections suddenly appearing] [To even stronger missions] [More daring students] [Excitement explosion] [Please look forward to next week's dopamine experiment too]