Unveiling the Tragedy of China's Great Leap Forward Famine

[Music] in 1958 9 years after coming to power ma wanted to bring China out of its almost

medieval state of underdevelopment he launched a program of industrialization in towns and in the

country intended to take China into the promised land of the Socialist Paradise in less than 15 years it was the Great

Leap Forward [Music] but the crazy dream became a nightmare

and dragged 650 million Chinese people into hell the country sank into economic chaos which caused an unprecedented

famine the terrible death toll was around 45 million even today Mao is an Untouchable

icon as the founding father father of red China he holds the nation together and gives legitimacy to the current

authorities so as not to damage His Image the Chinese Communist party has maintained a deafening silence on this

tragedy for 50 years for the first time this film is raising the curtain on this bloody episode in Chinese

history getting the few witnesses to talk about the period and trying to reconstruct the memory of the Great

Famine is not without Danger very few have dared to defy the taboo and break the

silence Jun a young historian from the University of Hong Kong felt she had to take on this task over 4 years she

crisscrossed the Chinese Countryside to collect the testimony of survivors of this terrible

tragedy as soon as I think about that time my legs start to shake and I feel a great sadness I prefer not to think

about it because I feel pain when people talk about it you

down among the people she talked to many had never had a chance to tell their story and some survivors are very

elderly so juch chun's task was an urgent one for her it isn't only a duty of

memory it's also a personal story since several members of her family died of starvation during the Great Leap Forward

Yang Jang a journalist and historian published tombstone in 2008 it was the first Chinese book on the Great Famine

published in Hong Kong it has been banned in mainland China his own father died of starvation during that

period even if no one from my family had died of starvation I would still have written the book because it's very

important as a journalist I had to Bear witness I did it so that future Generations can know the

truth to understand how the Great Leap Forward caused the death of tens of millions of people we must go back to

the origins of the Communist Regime The Taking of Beijing by the Red Army in January

[Music] 1949 government of the people is established for Mal who wanted to make a

clean break with the past the task was huge he had to overcome the Traditions the mindsets the archaic ways of life of

an old-fashioned Society he also had to Stamp Out the endemic famines and their processions of

misery the Chinese expected a lot from their new regime they had heard the Communist

promise to build a fairer Society to realize his plans ma went to Moscow to ask Stalin for economic help

and to consolidate the Strategic alliance with the USSR the Chinese leader felt huge

admiration for his Soviet C part who nevertheless treated him with contempt and made him wait 2 days before seeing

him the two countries signed a treaty of friendship the USSR would Supply China with huge quantities of arms factories

industrial and farming equipment and all kinds of [Music]

advisers this treaty sealed China's dependence as the aid didn't come free not only did China commit itself to

remaining within moscow's circle of influence and following its economic model Faithfully but it would also have

to repay the huge debt it had contracted as the first step towards the Soviet model less than a year after

coming to power the Chinese Communists started a massive reform of Agriculture it affected half of all cultivated land

and benefited 300 million poor [Music] [Applause]

[Music] peasants all over China these land redistributions were the opportunity for

the settling of scores encouraged by the party the poor peasants who had been used to suffering and humiliation for

2,000 years raised their heads and gave gave free reign to their feelings of resentment class violence broke out over

a million land owners were [Music] executed the Chinese peasants had their

best two years between 1950 and 1952 just after the land distribution and the agricultural

reform in 1950 they were still poor but life improved from 1952 in my home region we were farming

land which was ours and we had enough to eat we gave part of our Harvest to the state and we kept the rest for ourselves

that was plenty I was young at the time but I could feel that life was

improving The Villages organized all sorts of artistic activities during the new year but later all that was

stopped [Music] [Applause]

[Music] ma The Liberator of China and the peasants was revered as a god of the

harvests and woried as the emperor of the new red [Music]

Dynasty but from 1953 these land redistributions made Mal fear the reappearance of a class of small land

owners so on the model of the Soviet kcos the party persuaded The Peasants to combine their plots into collectives of

up to 50 families this new Step was greeted with mistrust as it meant they had to return

the land they had been given 3 years earlier to the community in spite of everything ma

still judged the stalinist model as the ideal even though the Soviet Tyrant died in this same year 19 19

53 then an extraordinary event shook the Socialist World in February 1956 in his famous

speech at the 20th party Congress chrisf denounced the crimes of Stalin his personality cult and his disastrous

collectivization [Applause] campaigns as a result in China the

stalinist model preed seed by Mao was withdrawn The Campaign Of Agricultural collectivization was suspended and Mao's

ideas were no longer in favor as always when he had problems within the party Mao turned to the

people to regain the upper hand as a good tactician he invited the whole country to express themselves freely and

to criticize the leadership he called it the hund Flowers Campaign and it took an unexpected

turn delighted at this exercise in democracy the intellectuals criticized the very nature of the Communist

Regime for ma whose aim was to flush out the critics the strategy worked he could then publicly identify all those who had

spoken against the regime as class enemies you're wrong what are your political opinions do you realize what

you're saying are you a teacher of the people or not did you take the point of view of a teacher of the

people ma ordered violent repression the slightest wrong word could be [Music]

fatal between 500,000 and 1 million people people mostly teachers were labeled as rtists and deported to force

labor camps where many died of starvation 3,000 of these dissidents were sent to the jaango labor camp on

the edge of the GOI desert a so-called reeducation Camp oh if only you

knew so many of us died in all 70% of the Camp's population

at the time we slept on the bare ground in holes we were made to dig the dead were put into big trucks

and transported into the desert they were covered with a thin layer of sand and over time their

skeletons gradually came back to the surface these are the remains of this Mass grave just a few years

ago there is is a climate of Terror that reaches all the way to the top levels of leadership entire heads of provinces are

being removed in 5758 and replaced by hard unscrupulous man who are often willing to benefit

from the very radical winds that blow from Beijing the repression of the rsts

removed all opposition and own put up the way for the Great Leap Forward the Communist party was able to

do what it wanted without any resistance because no one dared speak out anymore by silencing his enemies ma

regained total control of the party he returned to Moscow in November 1957 but his long-standing Ally became his main

rival when chrisf declared that the Soviet Union's economic production would exceed that of the USA in 15 years Mao

took up the challenge he said that China's steel production would exceed that of the United Kingdom om in the

same [Music] period 100 million peasants were

recruited from all over the country to work almost with their bare hands on building projects on an epic scale

constructing roads Railways dams and canals for ma there was no doubt the Great Leap Forward to a communist

Society had really begun the slogan dare to think dare to act became the official line of the

party Mao symbolically went out to work sites to lend The Peasants his support to underline the fact that he

had rallied the whole party behind him he was accompanied by Lu shiao Chi the party's second in command and zuu and Li

his closest comrade in arms [Applause]

Lou confirmed his support for ma by saying hard work for a few years happiness for a

[Applause] [Music] thousand all means were used to mobilize

the masses and to stimulate revolutionary Zeal in an extraordinary campaign Mao

identified a new enemy sparrows were accused of eating the crops the Chinese were called out in

their Millions to prevent the bird's Landing as a result The Sparrows died of exhaustion and gave way to a new enemy

insects they perferated and ate part of the Harvest this absurd campaign was

followed by another step towards radical collectivization during a journey ma saw a banner in a

field praising the merits of the first experimental people's commune set up in henan Province he declared with

enthusiasm the people's commune will be the bridge that will carry China towards the Socialist

[Music] Paradise the saying was taken up in all provinces and in just one summer

thousands of communes were formed they consisted of up to 2,000 families there were even plans for enormous communes

combining up to 10 or 20,000 households which would be headed by kadras who were totally dedicated to

[Music] ma the Working Day started at dawn and finished after dark accompanied by music

to the glory of the Great Leap [Music] [Applause]

[Music] [Applause] Forward as the basic unit of the future

Society the commune experimented with a completely new way of life here everything was designed to immerse the

individual in a collective life geared towards production

all private property was abolished houses animals land and production tools became Collective

property nurseries and free compulsory schools liberated women from their maternal duties so they could work in

the [Music] fields at that time I was very young

I was a member of the youth league and in charge of propaganda so that shows that I believed in communism I thought

communism was fantastic from when we were tiny we were taught that the Communist Paradise would

soon come and we only had to endure a little suffering and make a few sacrifices to reach it that was how I

saw [Music] [Applause]

[Music] things the family unit disappeared and children

were made to live by the new rules of collective life the individual was nothing more than a cog in a big

[Music] machine I think the words were socialism is good something like that but I can't

really remember did you sing different songs when you were at

home we only sang in school outside life was very hard there was never any letup why would we want to

sing as in a Barracks men and women were separated and grouped in dormitories sexual relationships were

regulated men and women were separated and couldn't live a married life some couples went to the fields to continue

their sex life but when they were caught they were publicly humiliated some women found it

unbearable and many committed suicide so you pulled everything and all lived

together the household items were pulled in the first year the furniture was seized for firewood and everything that

could be destroyed was destroyed the pigs the Sheep everything was collectivized even the pots and pans

were seized because families weren't allowed to cook no one cooked at home anymore the aim was to force the

peasants to take their meals in the commune's collective cens in some of them they even abolished money a system

of work points was established food was distributed Accord according to Merit I.E each person's

capacity to fulfill the production objectives the notion of wages disappeared it was compulsory to turn up

every day if your name wasn't on the attendance list you were punished and you lost work

points they took points away from you yes but without work points you had nothing to

eat the fewer work points you earned the less food they gave you oh it was miserable I can tell you that life was

brutal for everyone at that time except the kadras those people lived

well kill kill the party cadas became the officers of the people's communes which

were transformed into real barracks every day The Peasants underwent military training because the masses had

to be mobilized for the National [Music] Defense

every morning The Peasants gathered at the entrance to the village and waited for the group leaded to allocate the

tasks at the end of the day the leader shouted works over and The Peasants went to eat they weren't motivated and

productivity was very low that was one reason why productivity didn't increase in the people's communes

peasants had no right to free speech their skills weren't Tak into consideration anymore everything was

decided by the authorities who mostly knew nothing about the subject they decided everything the distance between

each rice seedling the type of seed the amount of fertilizer to be used land suitable for one type of crop was used

for another as a result The Peasants became totally demotivated and poor harvests caused the first food

shortages but ma always wanted more to increase agricultural production he made communes compete against each other the

ones that recorded the biggest harvests were rewarded in ceremonies organized by the party while the inhabitants of the

communes were terribly short of food this was a world where achieving record production called launching a

satellite went hand inand with announcing falsified figures the catras were caught up in an

escalating spiral at the provincial meeting my superiors asked me what I thought about

it all some places have launched plenty of satellites and declared high levels of production what do you

think my back was against the wall and I had to say that I would respect the quotas without fail but in reality I

couldn't keep those commitments was impossible they showed Soviet advisers a field of wheat where the ears were so

extraordinarily close together that they supposedly supported the weight of six people the photo was on the front page

of the people's daily everyone was fooled and those who weren't were too scared to say it was the

con lying became common at all levels of the hierarchy the figures for Agricultural and industrial production

were falsified throughout the country to meet and even exceed the targets set by the

[Music] party in the Autumn of 1958 although there was some wheat there was a

shortage of food the town of dang xang in the region of shangu boasted about Good Harvest and we went to take a

look it was supposed to be a fertile area everyone who went quickly realized that it was all

nonsense they showed us piles of crops where the cereals were on the top but underneath was just straw

stubble everyone understood what they'd done but no one dared talk about it I saw the trick

[Music] too as a consequence of these exaggerations the tax paid in Grain by

the communes was calculated on a false basis in some regions the result was that the state demanded almost all the

amounts really harvested to make matters worse the spring harvest in 1959 was disastrous the wheat had hardly been cut

when all the members of the commune were made to carry the crops on their back to a boat which took them away they did it

at night by torch light as soon as the crops were gathered the wheat was taken away yes they were shipping it out to

pay debts yes do you know which country had to be paid back how would I know so who told you that the debts had to be

paid the kadras said that at every Harvest Zen Za ping said debts had to be repaid even if the country was very poor

did they leave you a little bit or not a few kilograms far too little to feed us till the next

year the famous debt was the one that China had contracted with the USSR for the purchase of hundreds of factories

that were delivered ready for use Beijing undertook to repay Moscow in the form of agricultural produce ma wanted

to accelerate repayment even if it meant people starving in the countryside in some regions people really had nothing

to eat I was sent out of the village on a mission but the members of my family who

stayed behind were reduced to eating the bark of medler trees tree bark yes tree bark they ate the roots of banana trees

too anything they could fine people also ate mud a sort of white mud stems of rice too we were so hungry that we

filled our stomachs with whatever we could find once I saw an adult collapse he

fell to the ground while trying to eat a sort of bean paste he died in front of me and he

still had the food in his mouth so I laid him under a

tree we were so hungry soon afterwards we started eating the leaves of that [Music]

tree in other provinces the shortage of food gave the catas who distributed it the power of life or death over the

inhabitants of the commune in theory peasants were entitled to 250 grams per day but the cadr

allocated themselves much more they were so corrupt that they stuffed themselves shamelessly those who didn't get on with

the leader of the production team or those who disobeyed his orders were starved to

death he who does not work shall not eat that is the principle that was applied from

1958 to 1962 meaning that entire categories of people deemed to be unfit deemed to be too weak or vulnerable

pregnant women were deliberately cut off from the Cains and starve to death that qualifies as murder with the CES here

very violence yes very

cruel I remember that when they caught some peasants who had stolen some roots from the fields they tied them up from

head to [Music] foot in Village number eight one violent

Cadre beat several people to death the collective cantens became a sort of weapon in the hands of the cardr

who managed them I know of many examples like the case of one man in charge of a collective

canteen in a village in the province of Ching haai who one day summoned a very beautiful woman she was suffering a lot

from the famine and the Cadre asked her how many days it was since she had eaten and he ordered her to undress when

he saw her naked he said why your breast shriveled the woman answered my chest is now as flat as a man's the Cadre

demanded that she bring him her daughter her daughter was very young but she accepted in exchange for two miserable

of bread she killed herself soon afterwards in the spring of 1959 Ma's frenzy took another form the great

Helmsman demanded 100 million tons of steel in the next 3 years since the production of the steel

factories was insufficient The Peasants also had to contribute to the effort they made small blast furnaces out of

whatever they had to make the small blast furnaces we used mud mixed with hair to make it

stronger many female comrades had to cut their hair my youngest daughter also had to cut her hair and she cried poor child

but it was compulsory now nearly all the trees in China were cut

down for fuel forests were raised and people had to melt down pots and kitchen utensils even school bells iron work on

doors everything was melted down and all the press rejoiced the population was used in an

absurd way anyone did anything society as a whole fell into a sort of indescribable

Madness officially China started producing millions and millions of tons of steel

in reality all that came out of these foundaries was an unusable metal these small blast furnaces worked

day and night and mobilized tens of millions of peasants for nothing steel is one of these magic

indicators of progress within the Socialist world the consequence of course is that the farmers are worked

literally to death and the grain is taken literally out of their mouth but that's a price worth paying in M

[Music] view here was the top leadership meeting in

Shanghai dining drinking wine buying cheap cameras being

[Music] entertained the idea that Ma somehow didn't realize that there was mass

famine in the countryside is a myth it's a complete [Music]

myth a top secret document found in the archives reveals that Not only was Mal

completely aware of the peasant's distress but it was part of his strategy to sacrifice the countryside in order to

feed the cities and the industrial and political centers it's a report on the debates in

a pollet bureau session dated 25th of March 1959 ma stated when there is not enough

to eat people starve to death it is better to let half of the people die so that the other half can eat their

fill and at that very same conference in Shanghai he actually orders procurements of grain to be increased to one3 an

unheard of level he says it very clearly says if you take up to oneir of the grain the farmers will not Rebel he

makes available thousands of trucks to go and carry out that

task in July 1959 ma gathered the leaders of the party in Luan far away from

Beijing the original objective of this conference was to correct the increasingly apparent issues with the

Great Leap Forward the famous Marshall Pang deai was the only one who dared Express

himself in an open letter to Mao the son of a peasant he was upset by the destru ction in people's lives caused by Mao's

policy he begged him please think of the people this was an insult to Mao he forced him to resign from his post as

minister of defense this episode marked a tragic reality no one else would dare to defy Mao as he

persisted the years that followed were terrible [Music]

when I went to The Villages oh it was hard not to cry in manghan to the north of Yong Chang as soon as we arrived we

saw the houses were empty totally deserted people were lying on mats with empty stomachs and their bodies swollen

from lack of food we could see they were dying of starvation it was obvious in that county 120,000 people died out of a

total population of 1 million around one inhabitant in 10 died of starvation countless others were

suffering from odema can you imagine what it's like to starve

to death to spend your days with nothing to eat you got very thin and as you got thinner at a certain point you had

swellings you'd be so swollen that it scared people you had bruises all over your body and in those cases you

shouldn't eat salt but many people stole salt to eat in

secret Were You There When your grandparents died yes what did they die of

they died of starvation of constipation after eating mud to ease their hunger he didn't even have a coffin to bury my

grandfather in so we buried him directly in the [Music]

earth did no one bury the people who starved to death who could do it they often died by

the road far from their families who weren't strong enough to [Music]

BU I was walking along the river when I accidentally stepped on the belly of a dead body I let go of the cart I was

pulling to run away a bit further on I came across another body child that

time gave me such a [Music] fright the most shocking part of all

this is that the population wasn't starving to death because of a complete lack of

food the state's granaries were full in the time of the dynasties when there were famines the Emperors opened the

reserves and distributed the food to the people in distress conversely the leadership of

the Communist Party a regime that claims to Serve the People refused to help the people who were starving and didn't open

up the granaries that were full that really astounded me whole populations were camped around

the granaries They begged Communist Party give us a little food They begged until the starvation finished them off

it was unimaginable the regions where the famine raged were cordoned off it was

forbidden for people or information to circulate but many sought to escape the few people who could move about saw that

the destitution was widespread when the train stopped in the station I saw crowds of starving people

stretching their hands Through the Windows to ask for food everyone was suffering from Hunger at that time all

those people were fleeing the famine children old people they all ran around the train to beg food from the

passengers from 1958 onwards the cities are quite literally protected from the countryside people are not allowed to

just move about freely a farmer who brings a cow to Market will need to travel with a permit from his local

carada people who try to flee the countryside are sent [Music]

back Ma's radical methods caught the attention of his Soviet counterpart kushev who was informed by his advisers

on the ground during the grandio Ceremonies for the 10th anniversary of the Chinese

Revolution he took ma aside and begged him in vain not to repeat the excesses of stalinist

collectivization CHF would say later ma thought he was an Envoy of God charged with the Divine task of building

socialism before the Soviet Union ma ignored kev's warnings he gave the order not just to carry on but to increase

production figures which he said were necessary to the successes of the Great Leap Forward nine months later chrisv

suspended cooperation agreements with China and repatriated 15,000 advisers it was the beginning of the split between

the two countries Lu shiai elected president of the Republic in April 1959 tried to restrain Mao who was still

chairman of the party but another year would go by before Lu shiai ordered investigations into the reality of the

famine on the ground I went to investigate in Yong Chang which is the biggest County in the

shangu region because I wanted to know what was really going on Yong Chang wasn't under my jurisdiction it was

under changu when the local Leader found out that I was investigating he told me lies

he ordered all the people I saw repeat the same about the death toll from starvation he said that in total 90,000

people had died unnatural deaths in reality the total was 120,000 people as we said at the

time you couldn't say they had died of Salvation he instructed each district to declare a certain number of deaths so

that the total never exceeded 90,000 all that was to hide the truth from

us three high ranking officials started investigations they came to a result of several tens of

millions dead from starvation they wrote a report for Ma and Chu and lie but Chu and lie

immediately told them to destroy it and not to talk about it a few days later Chu even called them

to make sure the report had been burned at the University of Hong Kong Shu Jun is working with Frank Dakota who

has accessed certain testimonies from those investigations these documents show terrible realities which which

confirmed the report of these three high ranking officials there's a very detailed report by a high ranking

military who goes back to his home Village in kunan um and he sees that the

graves in the fields have been tampered with they've been opened there no bodies

inside so he wonders what what is going on a rainy day he sees the house of the local party

secretary the smoke coming out he walks up to the house opens the

door he sees four large pots in which body parts are being

boiled down and it turns out that the local Pary secretary has

decided that you can actually recycle human bodies simmer them and then use it as

fertilizer on the fields during the Great Famine thousands of cases of cannibalism were recorded in

official reports there are plenty in the archives I know of one case in ganzoo

where people ate their own dead relatives the mother before she died said to her

daughter there's nothing left of my body to eat just my heart when I die you can eat my

heart and that's what happened when she died her daughter ate her

heart but she in turn was eaten a few days later

in one case in kunan Province very well documented by a top working team sent into the countryside they found out that

a man was forced to bury his own Child Alive because this child had also stolen some food the father who was forced to

bury that child died of grief 3 weeks later in the spring of 1961 president Lu shaoqi went to investigate

for over a month in his home province of Hunan he found out that friends and members of his family had died of

starvation without him knowing about it because the local catras had hidden the truth from him he was

upset for Lou the Great Leap Forward had to be stopped but it was only only in 1962

that the party brought together 7,000 cadas from all across the country to put an end to the crazy undertaking of the

Great Leap Forward Lu shiai said that the party was largely responsible for the famine he contradicted Mao on that

issue because from the start Mao had estimated the harmful aspects of the party's policy to be only 10% of the

reason for the [Music] famine although the famine continued to

claim victims until the end of 1962 the situation slowly improveed with the reestablishment of farming on privately

owned plots of land and free markets radical collectivization in the countryside and senseless quotas for

farming production as well as steel production in small blast furnaces were all stopped the Great Leap for forward

was over but I uh have called the foreign Ministry or Mr Kish has and has got permission to photograph freely in P

King and I think that if this information were communicated to the people whose permission you were asking

on the world knew nothing about these four years of tragedy the regime at the time put everything in place to hide the

truth at all costs there were Western journalists working at the new China

agency they translated articles into English in the 1960s these foreigners regularly took their holidays in the

province of ani everything was arranged for their arrival the shops around where they were

staying were filled up with food stylishly dressed girls were conscripted to canoe on the lake close by the

staging was magnificent and the foreigners wrote articles when they returned swearing that there was no

famine in China everything was staged to make the

Western journalists believe that China was a paradise of virtue and plenty in the same way foreign political

leaders were taken in returning from China in 1961 franois mitan described Mao as a humanitarian and certainly not

a dictator he said Mao had assured him the Chinese people are not on the verge of famine I repeat in order to be

clearly understood there is no famine in China it was an enormous lie the Chinese leadership knew perfectly well that

their policy was killing tens of millions of people the question of who should answer for these acts before

history was an issue of power more than ever before Yosi was

called to see M saton by his swimming pool and leoi made a mistake when he said you and I are responsible for for

the famine and all of it including cannibalism will go into the history books history will judge us at that

point in time I think Ma already sealed the fate of leachi and thought this man is my worst

[Music] enemy ma didn't want to be placed in difficulty by this subject or by others

so to regain power once more he led the Chinese youth into the movement of the cult Revolution against the party

[Music] bureaucrats he took advantage of the radicalization of the situation to have

Lu xiaoi criticized and then arrested by Young Red guards imprisoned and without medical

care Lou died in a Cell in 1969 from then on no one would dare speak of the Great famine again and of

Ma's responsibility in this tragedy who is responsible for what happened but there can only be a very

simple answer to that or a very complicated one the very simple answer is that Ma chairman wow

was responsible he initiated it he started it it was his vision he stopped it he was responsible from beginning to

end ma ranks as one of the great m murderers of the 20th century the more complicated version is how did one man

get away with all of this so it seems to me that it is both a man and a system who are both responsible for this

it's a it's a collective responsibility of the Communist Party of China at that time why 50 years after the Great Famine

do the authorities still refuse to recognize the reality of it to discuss it and to draw lessons from it I think

their attitude is stupid the authorities are convinced that it would damage the legitimacy of the Communist Regime and

threaten its leadership in my opinion their fears are unfounded do you know why I wrote my

book Tombstone I'm a member of the Communist Party myself I wrote this book primarily

to lighten the shoulders of the Communist party which continues to Bear the huge burden of this history

certainly one day it will have to rid itself of this weight and the sooner the better I'm convinced that a nation that

can't really face up to its history has no future when Ma died in September 1976 he

left behind a country in ruins the nation paid tribute to the great Helmsman in a grand funeral but in

the gathered crowd many must have been thinking about their loved ones who died in the Great

Famine today the figure for the death toll still divides historians Yang jesang estimates that the four years of

the Great Famine killed at least 36 million people Frank Dakota estimates the death

toll to be at least 45 million other Chinese historians put forward the figure of 55 million almost the same as

the total number of victims in the Second World War

[Music] there is no monument in China to commemorate them apart from this modest

edifice in the middle of the henan countryside it was put up a few years ago by a peasant who defied the silence

that the Communist leadership has always imposed on this unspeakable [Music]

Holocaust