What Is a Group?
A group consists of one or more individuals coming together with the purpose of achieving a common goal. Interestingly, even a single individual can be considered a group in certain contexts.
Key Characteristics of Groups
- Size: Groups vary from small to large; size influences group dynamics.
- Awareness: Members recognize that they belong to a group.
- Interaction: Active communication occurs among members to achieve objectives.
- Common Goal: A shared purpose or objective unites the group.
- Perceived Common Identity: Members identify themselves distinctly as part of the group (e.g., Group A, Group 1).
Types of Groups
Small vs. Large Groups
Group size affects interaction and outcomes, with small groups often facilitating closer interaction.
Formal Groups
- Established to meet organizational objectives.
- Examples include university academic and non-academic staff unions, student affairs committees.
- Subtypes:
- Command Groups: Assigned specific execution tasks within the organization.
- Task Groups/Task Forces: Formed temporarily for emergencies or specific investigations; may dissolve or evolve into permanent functional groups.
Informal Groups
- Members share interests or social connections rather than organizational goals.
- Examples include interest groups, friendship groups, and reference groups used for social comparison.
Theories of Group Formation
Balance Theory
Based on similarities among members, such as academic standing or other common traits, creating harmony.
Exchange Theory
Centers on reciprocal relationships where members give and take responsibilities to maintain the group.
Proximity (Proximity) Theory
Groups form due to physical closeness, such as neighbors or office mates becoming friends due to their spatial proximity.
Interactionist Theory
Formation occurs through shared topics of interest, discussions, and social interactions.
Social Identity Theory
Group membership is influenced by individuals' identification with shared characteristics like gender, age, or social roles. Learn more about Understanding Social Science: The Study of Society and Human Behavior.
Conclusion
Understanding the nature of groups, their types, and formation theories enhances our ability to engage effectively in various social and organizational settings. Stay tuned for the next installment in this course to delve deeper into Understanding Group Dynamics: Key Elements and Organizational Impact.
Hello guys, this is our uh third class. We talking about what is group. We have talked about group dynamics and it's
important we try to also understand what group is all about and some things about group. We make it a very short video. So
group simply is referring to um two things. There is coming together of one or two persons or more. Right? And
thirdly, there is a reason for a common goal to achieve a common goal. It is group. Two persons, one person is
already a group. So that is that we have characteristics of group. Then the size of the group is one of the
characteristics. The size can be small, large, all of those things. The awareness the group the members of the
group know that they are in a group and they have a common goal to achieve they aware of their group okay or being in a
group use that word then they interact there is interaction they interacting together to achieve that goal yeah then
they have a common goal like I said before then they have a perceived knowledge of common identity group A
group one group two come here Group three perceive knowledge of common they are aware of it. So we have types of
group right the types of group starting from small and large which I've emphasized before the effect of small
and large group right. Yes. Then we have formal and informal groups. We understand that in formal groups when
we're talking about formal groups we're talking about group the the group that is built to achieve the major aims of
that organization that is formal group the academic union of University of Nigerian soccer the nonacademic
uh staff union the academic staff union the transport system the the medical center the medical services.
All of these or the student affairs, the host, whatever services, all of these are not for their personal or group
reasons but for the business of the organization called Investor Nigerian soccer. You see that is formal groups.
Now, examples of formal groups includes command groups. Yes. Yeah. Then we have Task task group or the one we call a
task force command groups have their executions to take on and they are put in place for a
reason and but task groups come for emergency reasons. Yes. And they are built to come and like a committee to
investigate about a crime or anything in the school. For example, they task group or task force and when they are done
they will be dissolved. But often time if they did well and the school field or the field their essence is should be
kept and should continue they turn to functional group. They they don't necessarily need to dissolve them. Yes.
The informal group are members of the same organization. They are also as uh in the organization but uh their aim of
organization or group is not for the major aims of the association. I mean the organization but for their own
interest the protection of their own rights and interest that is informal groups. Examples are the interest
groups, friendship group. We have the reference group the one that you know mostly for
uh what is it called comparisons. Now the theories of group formations the theories of group formation you be
looking at we have the balance theory you know when we talk about similarities similarities yeah then
you know we are balanced now we are first years we are second years or third years or final years right all balance
that kind of thing right now we look at exchange theory exchange theory is about the give and take thing you are
responsible for me I'm responsible for you in that respect and the group has been formed in that regard. Then
promptity or proximity theory of group formation is talking about the closeness. That's why you you wouldn't
have to neglect your neighbor, right? That's why the next door room mate should be a friend, right? and from just
proximity or next office mate or next seatmate all of these things can be as a reason why groups form. Then the other
internationalist theory like the topics and interests and from discussions and interactions a theory I mean a group can
be formed right. Then we have social identity theory. This is a respect to people you identify with and everything.
social identity theory, your gender, your age grade and everything and as you identify and so you relate and enter um
as a member of that group. So this is the characteristics of group and the theories of group formation as we have
it and we'll be glad to um have you in our next video in respect to this course. Thank you very much.
A group is defined as one or more individuals coming together with the purpose of achieving a common goal. In certain contexts, even a single individual can be considered a group if they fulfill the criteria, such as having a distinct identity and purpose, highlighting the flexibility in the group's definition.
Group size can range from small to large, with smaller groups often facilitating closer and more effective interaction among members. Awareness means members recognize their belonging to the group, which fosters a sense of identity and cohesion, essential for achieving common goals.
There are formal and informal groups. Formal groups are established to achieve organizational objectives, such as employee unions or committees, and include subtypes like command groups and temporary task forces. Informal groups form based on social connections or shared interests, like friendship or reference groups, without formal organizational goals.
Group formation theories include Balance Theory, which relies on member similarity; Exchange Theory, focusing on reciprocal responsibilities; Proximity Theory, based on physical closeness; Interactionist Theory, which emphasizes shared interests and discussions; and Social Identity Theory, where group membership is tied to shared social characteristics like gender or age.
Social Identity Theory posits that individuals join groups based on their identification with shared characteristics such as gender, age, or social roles. This identification enhances group cohesion and personal belonging, influencing group dynamics and member behavior within the group.
Task groups or task forces are temporary formal groups formed to address specific emergencies or investigations and may dissolve or become permanent. Command groups are formal groups assigned specific ongoing execution tasks within organizations, usually with a defined authority structure.
Understanding group characteristics and formation helps individuals engage effectively within social and organizational environments by promoting better communication, cooperation, and goal achievement. It enables leaders and members to foster positive group dynamics and improve productivity and satisfaction.
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