Comprehensive Overview of Land Titles in the Philippines: Key Concepts and Updates
Introduction
- Attorney Al Jumrani welcomes viewers to an updated lecture on land titles, emphasizing the importance of understanding recent changes in property law.
- The video is aimed at law students and bar exam reviewers, providing a comprehensive overview of property concepts.
Key Topics Covered
-
Concept and Kinds of Property
- Definition of property as per Article 414 of the Civil Code.
- Characteristics of property: utility, substantive independence, and appropriation.
- Classification of immovable properties and their characteristics.
-
Ownership and Its Limitations
- Definition of ownership and incidental rights.
- Limitations imposed by law, state powers, and the granter.
- Modes of acquiring ownership: occupation, donation, succession, and prescription.
-
Co-Ownership
- Definition and characteristics of co-ownership.
- Rights and obligations of co-owners, including the process of partition.
- Legal controversies surrounding the sale of co-owned properties.
- For a deeper understanding of co-ownership, refer to the Comprehensive Summary of Appointment and Qualification of Directors which discusses similar concepts of shared responsibilities.
-
Remedies to Recover Property
- Overview of legal actions available for property recovery: action interdictal, action publiciana, and action reivindicatoria.
- Quieting of title as a remedy for property disputes.
- Understanding these remedies can be enhanced by reviewing the Comprehensive Guide to Company Law: Key Concepts and Exam Preparation, which outlines legal actions in corporate contexts.
-
Ownership of Lands in the Philippines
- Explanation of the Regalian Doctrine and its implications for land ownership.
- Types of public domain lands and their classification.
- Foreign ownership restrictions and exceptions.
- For those preparing for exams, the Delhi University Company Law Exam Preparation: A Comprehensive One-Shot Revision Guide can provide additional insights into property law as it relates to corporate ownership.
-
Major Legislations on Land Registration
- Overview of significant laws: Commonwealth Act 141, Act 496, PD 1529, and Republic Act 1173.
- Explanation of the Torrens system and its importance in land registration.
- Procedures for acquiring public agricultural land and residential free patents.
- To further explore the legal framework, consider reviewing the Understanding Contracts: Definitions, Types, and Essential Elements in Indian Law, which discusses the contractual aspects of property transactions.
Conclusion
- Attorney Al Jumrani encourages viewers to engage with the content and prepare for the next part of the lecture, which will cover subsequent dealings with property and annotations on titles.
- Viewers are invited to like, subscribe, and click the notification bell for updates on future videos.
FAQs
-
What is the Regalian Doctrine?
- The Regalian Doctrine states that all lands belong to the state, and private ownership is derived from the state.
-
What are the characteristics of property?
- Property must have utility, substantive independence, and be capable of appropriation.
-
How can ownership of land be acquired in the Philippines?
- Ownership can be acquired through occupation, donation, succession, tradition, and prescription.
-
What is co-ownership?
- Co-ownership occurs when multiple persons share ownership of an undivided property.
-
What remedies are available for recovering property?
- Legal actions include action interdictal, action publiciana, action reivindicatoria, and quieting of title.
-
What is the Torrens system?
- The Torrens system is a method of land registration that provides a certificate of title as proof of ownership.
-
Are foreigners allowed to own land in the Philippines?
- Generally, foreigners cannot own land, but there are exceptions for certain types of properties and under specific conditions.
Hey what's up what's up Hello I'm atorney Al jumrani And this is the house of law so Welcome to another video this
is an update of my 2year old land titles in video kailangan na siang i-update dahil may mga Changes no
napakaimportanteng Changes na dapat ninyong malaman so If You're watching this video and if you're reviewing for
the bar exam then welcome I hope makatulong itong lecture video na to meanwhile If You're watching this video
and you're a student of property and ltd then you're in the right place at the right time and speaking of which I'd
like to give a Shout to my students in property and ltd from the Manila law college na kinabilangan Mark Anthony C
Annalyn makalad at Raffy among others so Hello sa inyo at sana ay nanon kayo ngayon so with that Let's get on with
this video [Musika] Okay So Here it is Land titles indeed
part 1 so nilagyan ko talaga ng 2024 lecture para sa susunod pag nag edit or nag-review nung taon ko nilabas yung
video All right So what can we expect from this video Al right so first let's Uh start with concept and kinds of
property followed by concept of ownership limitations modes of acquiring ownership and co-ownership also
pag-uusapan natin ang remedies to recover property and then we move on to ownership of lands in the Philippines
major legislations on Land Registration at dito excited tayo dahil pag-uusap natin yung bagong batas and then the
torrent system procedures to titling of land free patents and judicial confirmation of imperfect titles All
right so let's Begin so pag-usapan natin ang property Ano nga ba ang property property is defined under article 414 of
The Civil Code as a thing which is or may be the object of appropriation so based on this
definition the characteristics of property are una utility that the property must have the
ability to serve as a means to satisfy human wants meron siyang pakinabang sa atin That's why it's may may value siya
sa atin so to speak now Next is [Musika] substantively Independence but Once a
former independent property is merged with another property Well unfortunately hindi na siya property kasi yung kanyang
ah earlier value is na- merge na doon sa itong bagong value na nabuo as a result of the merging okay last characteristic
is appropriation and I think this is the reason why we own or acquire
place may mga nag-aaway Sorry may mga nagkakamayan nga paraan sa property because That's How
important ownership is to a lot of people now of course not all things are Actually owned kasi merong ibang
nagmamayari but if it is capable of ownership then it is property Ayan Okay so These are the three characteristics
of property now based on this character natin k things on the left colum can be considered as property so first you have
house so the house Is a property because it has utility it has subst and of course it's appro me to say capable of
appropriation meanwhile How about a car it has utility it has subst and it has appro ability it is property How about a
public Road a public Road has utility it serves a purpose It's also independent therefore It's substantive however it's
not capable of appropriation because it belongs to the state because it serves a public purpose
so therefore it is not property next paint on a painting So it has utility it serves a purpose but it
does not have substantively of the painting and also it cannot be the subject of appropriation Because its
value belongs to or that paint belongs to the owner of the painting now lastly lugaw so lugaw has a Utility
[Musika] substantively 15 of The Civil Code classifies and groups Okay certain
immovable properties into the way or the manner by which they are immobilized meaning to say made immovable properties
so we have Uh properties that are immovable by nature such as land buildings roads and constructions of all
kinds adhere to the soil We also have mines queries and Slug dumps while the matter there of forms part of the bed
and waters either running or stagnant also we have im movables by destination Uh such as statues reliefs paintings or
other objects for use or ornamentation placed in buildings or on lands owned by the owner of the immovable in such a
manner that it reveals the intention to attach them permanently to the tenent also
machinery receptacles inst or implements intended by the owner of the tenament for an
industry or works which may be carried on in a building or on a piece of land and which tend directly to meet the
needs of the set industry or works animal houses pigeon houses bees fish Ponds or breeding places of similar
nature in case their owner has placed them permanently attached to the land and forming a permanent part of it The
animals in these places are included Liz er Actually used on a piece of land ducks and structures which though
floating Are intended by their nature and object to remain at a fixed place on a river lake or coast now note ang
pinakaimportanteng feature nitong immovable B destination which By the way is also called immovable by purpose is
that ang mga nagattatan movable kung saan sila naka-install naka-attach at nakadikit
ibig sabihin pag idinikit lamang yan or Ininstall lamang yan na isang lessy or isang borrower ng land hindi siya ang
may-ari nung land or nung building then hindi siya nagigiging immovable by destination or by purpose instead these
fixtures will remain to be movables kasi separate or independent of the immovable this things or these pictures are
movables kasi nga nalilipat mo from place to place so nagiging immovable by destination lamang siya ag ang nagdikit
ng mga ito ay yun ding may-ari ng building ng lupa etc All right the next classification is immovable by
incorporation at ito ay ang mga land buildings roads and constructions of all kinds at here to the soil We also have
trees plants and growing fruits while they are attached to the land or form an integral part of an immovable everything
attached to an immovable in a fixed manner in such a way that it cannot be separated there from without breaking
the material or deterioration of the object now dito hindi kailangan na ang nag incorporate o nag-install o nag
nitong mga fixtures mga bagay na ito ay may-ari din nung immovable so anybody can can plant trees Uh growing fruits on
that land and those plants and trees will still be considered as immovable no Okay so next would be immovable by
analogy and these are contracts for Public Works and servites and other real rights over immovable property so for
example if merong real estate mortgage a real estate mortgage is a servitude know over immovable property so that real
estate mortgage is considered as an immovable by analogy but it's not a physical property it's not tangible
rather It's intangible Okay also an easement of right of way if it is um annotated on a person's certificate of
title then that in itself is also considered as immovable So you have two im movables There immovable by nature
which is yyung land and also Iyung easement na naka-on sa land na yon which we call immovable by analogy All right
so some notes yung iba dito nabanggit ko na kanina buildings must be permanent in character not merely
superimposed the owner of the building may be different from the owner of the land Okay trees are real properties if
they are adhered to the soil Rex vinta which are things attached to an immovable are im movables if they are
attached in a fixed manner which cannot be separated from the immovable without breaking the material or causing a
deterioration of the object Rex vinta ito Iyung im movables by corporation statues reliefs or paintings must be
placed by the owner of the building with the intention to attach them permanently to the tenim Okay machinery to be
considered real must be placed by the owner or his Agent real rights to be considered real
property must be over immovable property so a real right over an immovable Oh sorry a real right over a movable for
example a shuttle mortgage over a car is not unmovable now What a thing may be real property by destination because it
was placed by the petitioners in their factory built on their land the contracting parties may validly
stipulate that a real property be considered as personal so dapat sana ' ba Ano iun real or immovable by
destination however since they had an agreement that agreement or stipulation renders that real property as personal
property so after agreeing to such stipulation they are consequently stopped Or prevented from claiming
Otherwise ito yung immovable by estel pero napaka-unique nito no at ah Dapat pag ia-apply natin yung konsepto ng
immovable by estel dapat kaparehas ang sitwasyon doon sa sitwasyon ng sege products versus PCI leasing All right so
now let's go to movable property so under article 416 and 417 dalawa lang ang ang classification or
characteristics ng movables so una we have movable by exclusion next would be movable by
description so movable by exclusion if they are not included in article 415 meanwhile movable by description If
by its nature it can be moved from place to place and can be removed from the real property without impairment of the
real property so dagdag na natin yung sinabi ko kanina na pagka yung fixtures machinery etc ay in touch ng hindi
nagmamay-ari nung lupa such as a lessy or a borrower or a Bailey in ACC commodatum then those fixtures even
though attached and Uh is vital to the industry or business in that land would still remain to be movable kasi nga
hindi na meet yung requirements or requisites ng ah immovable by destination All right so now let's Let's
do some tests so based on what we have learned so far ano Ong mga ito itong nasa left column left ko aan ko sa inyo
kung anong Malamang left din ninyo All right so first item socks of cement in a construction site
immovable No but movable siya kasi nga nasa sa sako pa siya yung mga semento na yan no and they can be moved from place
to place meanwhile cement forming the posts of the building Ayan immovable na siya kasi nga incorporated na ayan so
immovable by incorporation incorporated na siya doon sa poste ng building meanwhile printing machine in a printing
press So this printing machine Uh We will assume that this printing machine Okay um without additional data then we
will assume that this printing Uh press is owned by the owner of the same printing machine so the the the person
who attach the printing machine in a printing press is the same owner so we will treat that as
immovable what kind of immovable immovable by destination meanwhile a laptop is a movable hindi siya immovable
kasi nga movable siya you can you know Uh move it from place to place meanwhile status placed by the lessy on the least
property again lessy lamang siya hindi siya may-ari nung property therefore it is immovable it's not immovable by
destination lastly growing fruits harvested by The Farmer Ayan so keyword dito harvested ibig sabihin inani na so
therefore movable na siya okay kasi sinabi natin kina doon sa enumeration kailangan niyong balikin balikan niyo
later sinabi natin na while they are attached to the land or to the trees they are removable but Once they are Uh
taken or harvested or Once they are cut from the ground then they now become movables All right now what's the
significance of this classification clearly the classification may Uh be significant in
as far as formalities registration acis prescription venue to file actions etc so for example for formalities
malaki diperensya pagka movable or immovable yan kasi pag immovable kailangan in writing at hindi na in
writing in a public instrument so any sale incumbrance conveyance of real property or immovable property must be
in a public instrument as stated in article 1358 of The Civil Code meanwhile kapagka personal property or movable
property yan there is no law requiring that the sale in a public instrument however if you're talking
about cars no so cars Uh sale of cars must be in writing but not for the purpose of validity or not Because it's
under article 1358 of The Civil Code but because it is required by your Land Transportation Office para maparehistro
sa pangalan mo or Kung halimbawa ibenta yan ibenta mo the second time third time or whatever para mailipat ang
certificate of registration sa pangalan nung ano nung buyer mo kailangan meron silang written evidence of the contract
So that's it but as far as the the parties are concerned the sale of that motor vehicle is valid even if it's not
in writing okay meanwhile for registration Ganon din as a rule only real properties are required to be
registered no kaya yung torrent system natin or yung system of Land Registration in the Philippines and
PD 1529 is only limited to Uh real property or immovable property however take note Iyung registration ng Shuttle
mortgages and also your personal property securities under the ppsa or the personal property security act Eh
ano lang yan additional trabaho lang yyan sa register of deeds pero hindi po yun kailangan para d sa validity or
legality ng transaction nung mga personal properties na iyon but however Pagdating naman sa real property
registration is required no to bind the whole world to respect the ownership and the um dealings no with respect to a
real property for as a rule under the Civil Code What Uh is Uh the best evidence of ownership of Uh lands or
other movables would be the Certificate of title however when it comes to movable properties the best evidence of
ownership is possession so whoever is in possession of the movable or personal property is deemed to be the owner pero
syempre matatalo siya o yyung right niya madefeat by someone who can claim to be the lawful owner of the property So kaya
kailangan ang possession to be considered as ownership should be that possession should be in good Faith All
right now meanwhile for acquisitive prescription Magkaiba ang acquisitive prescription for movable properties and
also for immovable properties for movable properties the acquisitive prescription is four for ordinary and
eight for extraordinary meanwhile for im movables or real properties mas mahaba ang acquisitive prescription 10 years
for good Faith or ordinary Uh prescription and 30 years for extraordinary prescription now Next
would be pagdating sa venue to file actions so when the action involves recovery of possession or ownership of
real property the action is considered a real action and therefore the action should be filed in the proper Court of
the place where the real property is located meanwhile if it is an action to recover personal property then the
action can be filed the action will be treated as a personal action and therefore it can be filed
in the proper Court of the place where the plaintiff resides or in the in the proper Court of the place where the
defendant resides at the option of the plain so siyaang pipili so hindi doon sa place kung nasaan yung property Kundi
kung nasaan yung tao no na nagmamay-ari o nagpo-pose or may possession ng personal property na yon now meanwhile
for sale on installments dalawang batas diyan no you have article 1484 of The Civil Code or the Recto law which
applies to sale of personal property and installment andung isa naman ay republic act 6552 or mas kilalang the Maeda law
no which applies to sale of real or immovable property on installment now meanwhile for double sale magkaiba din
ang rule and preference Depende doon sa property So if the property is movable or personal property ang preference is
again tulad sabii ko kano na possession in good Faith meanwhile pagdating sa real or immovable property ang
preference or ang priority ay binibigay doon sa unang nag-register sa register of deeds in good Faith now lastly
pagdating sa local taxation as a rule only real properties are subject to real property taxation Kaya nga real property
taxation however kung na-master ninyo or kabisado ninyo yung ating discussion on im immobility Okay by destination ibig
sabihin yung mga personal properties na nagiging immovable dahil they are attached or installed to an immovable
then those fixtures and other personal properties that are similarly attached will be considered as real properties
therefore pwede silang maging subject of real property tax alr So okay na tayo sa background ngayon pag-usapan naman natin
ang ownership so is ownership ownership as defined in the Civil Code is the right to enjoy dispose and recover a
thing without further limitations than those established by law or the Will Of The owner ' ba Napakaganda ng definition
kasi napaka broad no napaka all encompassing kumbaga pag ownership no kaya kong gawin lahat dito sa property
na ito maliban or except those na na pinagbabawal no pinagbabawal ng batas o pinagbabawal ng ng will no ng may-ari
Okay so what are the incidental rights nito ownership as an owner What can I exercise over the property so obviously
as owner I have the right to enjoy including possession use fruits and to exclude others Kaya nga pwede ako
maglagay ng bakod doon sa property ko next is the right to dispose and this includes the right to destroy or abuse
Syempre alienate transform or encumber So ibig sabihin na encumber hindi po ito cucumber
and cer po ay ibig sabihin pwede ko po i-mag yan isanla pwede ko rin pong ah I paupahan no yan yan iyung mga
encumbrance doon sa property now Of course I have the right to recover the property whether the property was Uh
taken from me or conveyed legally um I have the right to recover that and the actions Uh available to me Are action
interdictal action publiciana and action reivindicatoria mamaya pag may chance pag-usapan natin yan alr So ano ba
usually yung mga limitations and ownership so these limitations are number one those imposed by law katulad
ng easement of waters and easement of right of way particularly dito sa waters ang naisip ko Iyung eastment of drainage
of waters So kung ang bahay mo ay mas mababa kaya doun sa kapitbahay mo so meron merong easement of drainage of
water sa lupa mo So Yung property coming from an elevated property and naturally flowing an Know to those Uh in a lower
elevation like your property should be allowed to flow so hindi mo pwedeng ibar or i-block yyung tubig na iyon So that's
a limitation impos by law wala kang magagawa doon ngayon yung iba nag-uusap na lang para gumawa sila ng kanal no
para maayos naman yung pag-follow ng tubig kayaa naman yung basta kung saan-saan na lang kumakalat yung tubig
dun sa Estate nung nasa baba Okay another easement is the eastment of right of way so if your property is
landlocked ibig sabihin enclosed Siya by other properties at wala kang access to a public Road then you have the right
kung ikaw yung may-ari nung nakulong na property you have the right to ask for an eent of right of way Through The
Other properties of your Neighbors no ngayon syempre may mga requisites or may mga standards yan no Hindi basta-basta
pwedeng humingi ng ng kalsada or ng espasyo doun sa property ng kapitbahay mo may mga standards Iyan ang
pinaka-importante diyan is Uh there should be a balance between the shortest distance no Uh between this landlocked
property to the public road and of course least prejudice ibig sabihin yung pinakamaliiit or pinakamababa damage
doon sa property na maapektuhan ng ism of right of way kaya agag hindi nagkasundo yung dalawang partido then
pwede silang pumunta sa korte at ang korte na ang magpapasya no kung saan at Gaano kalaki ang right of way now other
limitations are those imposed through the inherent power of the state such as the power of eminent domain the power of
Uh taxation as well as the police power so Itong mga powers na ito ay na Ay na Ayon or para sa kabutihan ng nakararami
so even if you're Uh the owner of a private property ah you cannot prevent the state from taking it or from
restricting your use of the property agag ito ay para sa kabutihan ng mas nakararami you know we are all part of
this Nation so we owe no a Duty to the nation na Uh we assist or help the nation in Uh making sure that the
welfare of Everyone is taken care of so yan yung mga eminent domain binabawasan Yung property mo para gawing kalsada
police power maypag may Ipinagbabawal ng mga negosyo may pinagbabawal din ng mga ah kagamitan no dahil nga nakakasama sa
sa public health ah public convenience etc Okay next would be limitations imposed by the granter or transferor so
pagka ang isang property ay dinonate no dinonate nung halimbawa ang tinatawag natin diyan ay donor no so so the donor
may impose restrictions on the property plus hindi lang restrictions pwede din conditions na kailangan ito pa rin nung
nakatanggap o yyung dony halimbawa nag-donate ng property si napakayaman na donor pero sabi niya kailangan within 5
years magtayo ka diyan ng eskwelahan So ikaw na doni akala mo kaya mo ng gawin lahat ng gusto mong gawin doun sa
property sorry ka hindi pwede dahil meron kang meron kang condition no meron kang responsibilidad na magtayo doon ng
eskwelahan within 5 years ngayon you Might Be wondering What could be done by or what will happen no ' hindi natupad
ung kison na yon well yung mga kamaganak kung buhay pa yung donor the donor can revoke the donation pag Patay na siya
yung mga kamag-anak niya yung mga tagapagmana niya ay pwedeng mag-file ng action for revocation pwede nilang
i-revo yon dahil hindi mo natupad yung pinapagawa sa iyo allright next would be inherent limitations arising from
conflict with other rights such as nuisance no So kung maingay maingay hindi ikaw ang maingay maingay yung
bahay Maingay kayo sa bahay niyo dahil sa pagvi-videoke Ah what else ah nagluluto kayo ng ah kung ano mo
niluluto niyo na may masangsang na amoy Or halimbawa Ah meron kayong mga structure sa labas ng bahay niyo no na
delikado para sa mga ibang motorista or sa mga taong dumadaan diyan Pwede pong ipagiba ipas sira at ipasara no ng
gobyerno yan per one to doon nuisance ang remedy na tawag doon ay abatement of nuisance okay now lastly would be
limitations imposed by the owner himself So ikaw na nagmamayari let's say gusto mong paupahan Iyung property mo then you
will be imposing limitations on your property kasi nga pinaupahan mo So therefore someone else has a better
right to the possession of the property at in fact pagka ginulo mo ang iyong lessy or your renter Pwede ka ring
sampahan ng forcible entry no plus d kasi Bakit mo siya ginugulo alr now speaking of ownership papaano ba
nagiging may-ari ang isang tao What are the modes of acquiring ownership so article
714 No I think it's article 719 or is it 712 check na lang natin Ayoko magkamali Okay Mabilis lang to
71 most 712 Okay article 712 of The Civil Code provides for the following modes of
acquiring ownership so we have occupation intellectual creation donation succession tradition or
delivery law and prescription now occupation however is limited only to personal property hindi pupwede Uh ang
real property ownership cannot be acquired over real property through occupation so obviously occupation here
is activity know hindi ito occupation na parang possession no yung pupwestuhan mo Yung property now meanwhile intellectual
creation which is Iyung Uh creative works no copyrights patents trademarks etc so they are acquired Once they are
created at the moment of creation meanwhile donation is Uh a contract or a conveyance whereby a person by
liberality you know conveys or gives away a property no and The Other party must accept it or the dony must accept
it succession is yung inheritance no pag may namatay yung mga tagapagmana niya nakukuha nila yung properties rights and
obligations nung namatay meile tradition or delivery ito yyung ah resulta ng mga kontrata tulad ng sale or um Ano ba
purchase no ang tawag sa sale ang ibang tawag sa sale you also have barter in fact assignment of Rights or assignment
of property can also be considered um a contract that will give rise to tradition or delivery ang tradition dito
hindi yung tradition na like passed on from generation to Generation tradition here means delivery Okay also law no
such as by accession Okay fruits naturally falling on land meron tayong batas diyan no ah pag accession ibig
sabihin yung karagdagang lupa no or karagdagang property as a result of natural or artificial means ang may-ari
non ay yung may-ari ng principal thing kung anong mas malaki kung kanino naka-attach yun siya na rin nagmamay-ari
nitong accession now fruits naturally falling on water on land ito yung pag halimbawa may puno ang kapitbahay mo
tapos may prutas siya nahulog sa lupa mo SAO na po yon pero habang hindi pa siya nahuhulog sa lupa mo hindi mo po pwedeng
sungkitin yan pwede mong sungkitin pag nagpaalam ka pero yung susungkitin mo na walang paalam Ay naku Pwede kang
sampahan ng theft o pag nanakaw doon so dapat naturally falling on on land All right now lastly prescription ito yung
paglipas ng ng um period of time no which can result in tinatawag nating acquisitive prescription nabanggit ko
kanina pagdating sa personal property the periods are 4 years and 8 years 4 years for ordinary prescription and 8
years for extraordinary prescription meanwhile for real property um It's Uh 10 and 30 10 years for ordinary
prescription and 30 years for extraordinary prescription Now you're wondering Ano ba ang mangyayari ano ba
dapat nangyari yung paglipas ng ng mga taon na yon dapat in possession Okay kaya yung sinasabi ng ng article 714
occupation here should refer only to the activity pag sinabi nating possession ang basis mo for acquiring rights of
ownership over the property it should be in accordance with the law on prescription ibig sabihin hindi enough
na doun ka nakapwesto ka ng ilang taon lang no dapat within or or for the minimum number of years prescribed by
law So ano yung tinatawag na ordinary at saka extraordinary prescription ordinary prescription pag good Faith ka Ibig
sabihin wala kang alam na may ibang nagmamay-ari nung lupa mo you have no knowledge or notice of any defect in
your title meanwhile pag extraordinary it doesn't necessarily mean butad Faith ha ibig sabihin pwedeng bad Faith Pwede
ka ring in good Faith eh Tapos hanggang 30 years yun pupwede good Faith pa rin yon So walang expiration walang maximum
period obviously ang good Faith pero or minimum period ang good Faith Pwede kang 10 years or 30 years Pero kung you're in
bad Faith ibig sabihin hindi mo may alam ka no na depekto doon sa titulo or doon sa ah karapatan mo doun sa property kasi
may ibang nagmamay-ari then you need to Uh dapat mag-google ka ng 30 years no para masabing you have the right of
ownership under Uh The Civil Code All right so with that Let's go to this concept of co-ownership so kasama to do
sa binanggit ko na bakit nga ba natin binabanggit itong co-ownership and how is this related to land titles and Deeds
now some properties are owned by more than one person and Uh it's not unusual na Bakit maraming na may mga nag share
over a property Uh This is entirely normal and later I will show you papaano nagkakaroon At
bakit nagkakaroon ng co-ownership but as defined para maintindihan natin kung ano ang co-ownership there is co-ownership
whenever the ownership of an undivided thing or right belongs to different persons So merong plurality of ownership
B sabihin more than one ang nagmamay-ari So what are the characteristics so sinabi ko kanina there's plurality of
owners so plurality of subjects Okay also Unity or material ind division ibig sabihin walang physical division ng
property iisang bagay lang ang pagmamayari nila which is not materially divided at least not yet because if it
is materially divided then co-ownership ends and they now become the owner of their respective portions or parts of
the former co-ownership now lastly there is a recognition of ideal shares which determines the rights and obligations of
the co-owners so itong recognition of ideal shares ibig sabihin either by agreement or by law no ah They would
have ideal shares and by law ang default diyan is equal shares kung Lima sila then that means tig 155th sila pero by
agreement they recognize the respective shares of one other so most probably merong ibang mas malaki ang share kaya d
sa iba now on the basis of this shares magiging iba-iba rin ang kanilang rights and obligations Although pare-parehas
sila ng rights pero yyung intensity magkaiba siguro mas malaki ang mas malaki ang ang karapatan or mas mas
malakas no ang power nung isa over Uh the Uh decision making at dahil nga mas malaki rin ang share mo doun sa property
ibig sabihin mas malaki din ang share mo sa gastos ' ba All right so Uh to answer my pending question earlier or pending
matter that I mentioned like How co-ownership is formed so a co-ownership is created by number one donation inter
vivos We also have by law occupation contract chance and succession ang pinaka-common dito is yyung succession
ibig sabihin yung inheritance no may isang tao ang namatay pero meron siyang asawa at mga anak pag namatay siya yung
mga ari-arian niya they become co-owned properties at ang mga co-owners ay yung asawa niya at yung kanyang mga anak
meanwhile Pwede rin by contract for example two or more persons they pull their money together to buy a property
So ngayon pagka nabili na nila yon tatlo na sila ang nagmamay-ari pag binili nila yun sa former owner At iisa lang yung
former owner So from a single or soul ownership naging co-ownership na siya ayan So basically it can be by law or by
contract yung law yun na yung succession no Okay so let's now talk about the rights of co-owners number one to use
the thing own in common subject to certain limitations also to share in the benefits also to benefit from
prescription if Uh hindi nila pagmamayari yyung property Wala pa silang titulo doon and later they apply
for registration on the ground of prescription hindi kailangang lahat sila in possession Pwede isa lang sa nila ang
in possession the other co-owners will benefit from the prescription already acquired by the Uh first of them Who was
in possession next is to alienate sell or mortgage his undivided interest naku dito medyo may controversy pa rin dito
no pero hindi natin pag-uusapan dito iyan unfortunately no um in in contract of sale or in the law on sales
napag-uusapan nian Anong epekto pag nagbenta ang isang co-owner ng specific portion ng property no so kasi ang batas
sinasabi undivided shares lang ang meron sila over the property no co-owner may sell a definite physical portion of the
property halimbawa apat kayo Hindi niyo pwede ibenta halimbawa may isang may isa sa kanila si co-owner a hindi niya pwede
ibenta yyung front left portion by let's say dividing the property into four tapos sabihin niya well ako ang panganay
or ako ang pinakamatanda or ako ang una dito sa property na to or ako ang may pinakamalaking naiambag dito sa property
na ito pu ako ang pipili ako ang ako ang main character dito hindi ganon no Kasi nga walang physical portion na pwedeng
ibenta while the property is under co-ownership they or the co-owners can only sell their physical portions after
partition or if they get the consent of all the co-owners ayan kasi nga ang rule pwede lang lang nilang ibenta or i-mag
ang kanilang undivided interest which is yung portion percentage etc but no physical portion would be sold now Next
is to substitute another in the enjoyment unless personal rights are affected So parang sa bis no pwedeng may
ibang tao na mag-enjoy ng property for and on your behalf unless personal rights lamang ang meron sila ibig
sabihin yung sila lang mismo ang pwedeng mag-exercise no may usapan sila na dapat tayo-tayo lang no from mula simula
hanggang sa huli Till death do us part So walang ibang pwedeng sumali sa atin or walang pwedeng mag-substitute or
ah ano tawag yan ah sorry hindi masyado sumalili Ano ba humalili pala sumalili humalili no sa isa sa atin or sa atin
dito alr Now the right to redeem a share of a co-owner if the latter sells the same again under the law on sales meron
tinatawag na legal Redemption by co-owners right so Ito naman yung mga obligations of co-owners well number one
to share in the charges in proportion to the interest of each in the co-ownership at saka to share in the expenses for
preservation so kailangan lahat non nag-aambag para sa preservation ng property kasi Ganon din naman kung ikaw
lang mag-isa ang owner ng property you would also be solely responsible for the expenses of preservation and maintenance
of the property including taxes Ayan So ngayon marami kayo mas maganda kasi marami kayo magshe-share no
maghahati-hati doun sa mga expenses All right but then Again the law does not encourage an a perpetual co-ownership So
that's why a co-ownership may be terminated no by law or by agreement of the parties So what are the grounds for
extinguishment of co-ownership so we have a consolidation or merger in one co-owner let's say one co-owner buys the
Uh interest or shares of the other co-owners also acquisitive prescription in favor of a third person or a co-owner
who repudiates the co-ownership again dito kasi dahil ah may publicly known owners so hindi pwedeng Good fai So doon
tayo sa extraordinary prescription no Okay so 30 years now meanwhile loss or Destruction of the property co-owned so
loss If You know no under um both obligations and contracts Uh Well in General law no the loss of the thing
extinguishes right and obligations over over the property now mean partition yun sinasabi ko no partition is an agreement
or even an Order of the court no dividing physically dividing the property and allocating or assigning
specific portions to the respective co-owners also expropriation when the state takes the property for public use
however Iyung just compensation na ibabayad ng government dun sa mga co-owners o dun sa nagmamay-ari yun ang
paghahatian ng mga co-owners according to their respective shares or according to their portion so yyung mga
percentages nila doon sa property and lastly termination of period agreed upon by the parties so as stated in article
494 of The Civil Code an agreement to keep the thing undivided should not Exceed 10 years Okay so when you let's
say buy a property as co-owners you have 10 years not to remain as co-owners however they can ex end it na by a new
agreement so pwedeng 1,000 years but every time you have to every time the 10 10 years expire then dapat um mag-renew
kayo ng mag-renew pero Papaano kung namatay na no yung mga co-owners so the rights in the co-ownership will be
transmitted to the airs so ang mang airs lang Ian ang mag-decide if they want to continue the co-ownership but
napakahirap niyan It's so difficult to keep up so what they can do sila Sila mismo they will execute um a definite
term no so 10 years and after that they partition or maybe they can Uh extend no habang meron pang buhay sa kanila for
another 10 but the death of any of the partners could be used as a ground to terminate the um ownership co-ownership
All right So okay extinguishment of co-ownership meron pang last no yung sale of property co-own Syempre pag
nabenta na nila yan yung proceed nung sale Yun ang paghahatian ng mga parties Okay so hito pala yung sinasabi kong
controversy no so andito yung mga rulings ng Supreme Court so una As I have mentioned earlier the sale of a
definite portion of a co-owned property requires the consent of all the co-owners but if meron ng partition
technically wala ng kailangang consent no Kasi nga nasa IO na binigay na in- locate na in-assign na SAO ung portion
na yan pwede mo na talaga ibenta but if that co-owner wants to sell a portion of a co-owned property then dapat may
consent of all the co-owners without the unanimous consent a co-owner can only convey his undivided Al quote interest
over a co-owned property he or she has no right to divide and thereafter convey definite portions thereof in fact in
this case cabrera versus Isaac The supreme court dubbed the the sale or considered the sale by a co owner of a
definite portion of the co-ownership as a void contract All right now in the case however of bulata versus eston nak
The supreme court said The Contract entered by the disposing co-owner is ineffective for lck of power in the
vendor to sell the specific portion described in the deed but makes room for a subsequent ratification of the
contract by The Other co-owners or validation in case the disposing co-owner subsequently acquires the
undivided or Pro indiviso interests of the other co-owners you see if you will remember in your obligations and
contracts may pagkakaiba ang void contract sa ineffective contract which By the way pag sinabi nating ineffective
that could be unenforceable no in the Uh for defective contracts no ang defective contracts natin are void voidable
resistible and unenforceable so Saan mo ipapasok doon yung ineffective obviously doun sa unfor
Bakit kasi capable of ratification now ang void contract hindi siya capable of ratification so Ang laki ng diperensya
no nung sinabi ng Supreme Court sa Bulatao na This is ineffective only ineffective ibig sabihin pwedeng i-a
nung mga co-owners after the sale so pag nalaman nila na nagbenta pala itong isang kasamahan nila they can all agree
na O sige it's okay ganon Benta mo na Ayan now ngayon or nabenta mo na pala So okay aan sana all May buyer ay meanwhile
doun sa una kahit na nalaman nila after the fact the sale would still remain void so therefore yyung nakabili Wala
talagang karapatan doon sa property Okay so yan yyung ano Uh development o legal Development now Next meron paang isa in
2022 the Supreme Court in ras versus Garcia said that um a co-owner may alienate an inate portion of the subject
property which belongs to him or her as Mere part owner he or she cannot alienate the shares of the other
co-owners the co-owner sale of the co-owned property will only affect his or her own share but not those of the
other co-owners Who did not consent to the sale kaya nga ang problema What if ang binenta mong physical portion is
sobra pala doon sa share mo kasi nga wala pang division eh ngayon hindi naman ganon kadali na i-divide mo siya
halimbawa apat kayo tapos para ka even if equal ang mga shares ninyo there must still be an agreement or decision
kung kanino yung portion na yon yung harap likod right side or left side di ba So kaya hindi po pwede katulad ng
sinabi ng cabrera versus cabrera versus isaak eh Hindi pwede na wala munang prior partition or consent ng mga
parties but then again remember na pupwede talagang ibenta ang sariling share pero papaano nga kung sumobra ka '
ba that's the lema kaya sabi ni Reyes versus Garcia the appropriate remedy in case of a sale of a specific porce or
definite porce of a property is not a nullification of the sale or for the recovery of the thing but a division of
the common property so pagka ganon ang sitwasyon may isa sa mga co-owners na nagbenta ng physical portion ng property
then huwag ianalyze proper remedy is partition so by by an action for partition the court will now
determine kung tama ba yung binenta or as far as the area is concerned and also the
Uh co-owners can also argue no kung yung portion ba na ion is para doon sa kasamahan nilang nagbenta or hindi para
sa kanya etc so only through partition will the situation or the Be resolved So Hindi agad-agad nullification I mean
hindi pwedeng nullification or or recovery of ownership kasi we have to recognize the right of the co-owner
meron talaga siyang karapatan to sell his share or his Uh in his undivided portion in the property Yun nga lang
Binigyan niya ng area no a physical kumbaga a physical form So yun ang ayusin natin yung physical form na yan
Ito ba wasto ba ito yan ang magiging issue sa partition action na i-file all right so with that let's now talk about
remedies to recover property remember what I said earlier that an owner has the right to recover the property so
These are the remedies so una action interdictal or a summary ejectment Proceeding which may be either for
forcible entry also called the tentation or unlawful detainer or Des huto for the recovery of physical or material
possession where the dispossession has not lasted for more than one year or and should be
brought in the proper inferior court or the first level court now action publ or the plenary action to recover the better
right of possession or possession the hure which should be brought in the proper inferior court or first level
court or the Regional trial court depending upon the value of the property when the dispossession has lasted for
more than one year or for less than a year in cases other than those mentioned in rule 70 of the rules of court yan so
next remedy would be action reivindicatoria or R vindicator action which is an action for recovery of
ownership which must be brought in the proper inferior court or Regional trial court again depending upon the value of
the property now lastly meron din tayong tinatawag na quieting of title and this is a remedy for the removal of any Cloud
or doubt or uncertainty on the title to real property by reason of any instrument record claim incumbrance or
Proceeding that is apparently valid or effective on its face but is in truth and in fact invalid ineffective voidable
or unenforceable and may be prejudicial to said title So the competent court is tasked to determine the respective
rights of the complainant and The Other claimants to place things in their proper place and to make the one who has
no rights to set immovable Uh respect and and not disturb The Other haba ng definition ng Supreme Court talaga pwede
ba simplehan Pwede po ang quality of title ay tinatawag din na removal of Cloud So kung ikaw ang may-ari ng
property or hindi ka nagmamay-ari ng property pero may isang nagmamay-ari or may isang nagke-claim no na may
umaangkin ng property na to tanungin mo Sino ka ba ay ano bang hawak mo yan So kung kin question mo ung kanyang
personality Kino question mo yyung kanyang papel na hawak Ayan ang ang ipa-file mo ay quieting of title or
removal of Cloud kasi yung kanyang presensya at kanyang papel No na hawak niya ay yun ay ang Cloud or Ang Ulap no
hindi ulap eh magandang ulap Eh siguro yun ang ano smug an yun ang i-consider natin yung smug na gusto mong i-clear no
So i-clear yung smug na yon Ngayon malalaman ngayon dito sa action for quality of title kung may karap Patan ba
talaga siya doun sa property na iyon Syempre ang issue diyan is Meron ba siyang title pero para magtagumpay ka sa
action na iyan if you're the plaintiff in an action for quality of title dapat ikaw din may titulo ka rin at ang
sinasabi mo mas malakas ang karapatan mo or titulo mo kesa dito sa titulo nitong Cloud or itong smug na ito smiggle smug
Ano ba yun sa Lord of the Rings Anyways okay na tayo doun sa mga remedies to recover proper ha at saka kanina
binanggit ko kung saan mo pfile yun Ngayon kung hindi niyo na na-take note yun paulit na lang nitong video na ito
alr next Who owns lands in the Philippines Andito na tayo sa tinatawag nating regalian doctrine because from
the state no emat all the rights to ownership in lands in the Philippines lands lang pero the right to property of
course is protected and recognized under the constitution Kaya nga sabi sa Article 3 Section 1 of the 1987
constitution no person shall be deprived of life Liberty or property without DU process of law ibig sabihin inherent na
sa atin no kumbaga pinanganak tayong meron na nitong karapatan to property Pero kung gusto mo ng lands in the
Philippines ay wala kang natural right Ano to own lands in the Philippines it should be um in accordance with the laws
of the Philippines or of the state na Bakit yung iba pinanganak ng properties na sila Teka lang yung mga properties ni
minan naman nila yon ibig sabihin yung mga ninuno nila ang nagpakahirap no at nagtiyaga na magkaroon ng lan the
Philippines at They were able to comply with the requirements of the law and so that's why They were issued certificates
of title to these properties which certificates of title were um carried on from generations to generations hanggang
dito sa friendship mong napakayaman ' ba All right so now let's discuss What is this regalian doctrine so all of the
public domain belong to the state and that the state is the source of any asserted right to ownership in land and
charged with the conservation of such patrimony Ayan so siya nagmamayari ng lands of the public domain now this
doctrine as a bit of history was first introduced by the Spaniards upon the Spanish conquest of the Philippines
ownership of alland territories and possessions in the Philippines passed to the Spanish crown o ' ba meron agad
tayong maiisip na Exception agad dito dahil ang regalian doctrine became ingrained only from the time the
Spaniards came so all lands that the Spaniards Uh started taking belong to Spanish crown and so moving forward Iyun
lang iyung mga na-carry over no So ibig sabihin yyung mga properties that were already private in nature meaning to say
those that were owned by our ancestors but the indigenous peoples and communities Hindi po kasama sa regalong
doctrine dahil bago pa man dumating ang mga Spaniards eh pagmamay-ari na ng ating mga katutubo ang mga properties na
iyan Okay so what lands belong to the public domain and those that are available for private ownership ' ba
sinabi ko no unang ah few minutes in this video sinabi ko na Uh for a thing to be considered property It must have
the the Cor the character or is it the characteristic the characteristic of
appropriation ibig sabihin it can be appropriated or owned we are referring to private ownership Kaya nga doun sa
isa sa mga examples hindi kasama sa property ang public Road because a public Road is Land of the public domain
not available for private ownership So ano Ong mga lands of the public domain muna Tingan muna natin yung M hindi
pupwede at saka ano naman yung pupwede alr so for the lands of the public domain Okay these lands are enumerated
in your Article 2 of the Uh constitution no so these are No not Article 2 article 12 of the constitution
I think article 12 section 2 now these are your forest lands agricultural lands timberlands mineral lands National Parks
ay so hanggang National Parks now these are obviously Devoted and Are by nature different from each other so forest
lands as the name suggests they are supposed to be forests so you have Flora and fauna in these areas also
agricultural lands are lands developed or capable of being developed for agriculture also timberlands Ayan
maraming mga puno diyan sa timberlands na yan also mineral lands so maraming mga minim minang mga minerals diyan mga
gems at saka mga mamahaling mga bato and then also you have National Parks or These are the
reservations no mga protected areas okay now of All These isa lang ang pwedeng maging subject of PR private ownership
yung pwedeng angkinin ng isang pribadong individwal and that is agricultural lands Okay so meanwhile take note that
the classification and reclassification of public lands into alienable or Uh disposable mineral or forest land is the
Exclusive prerogative of the executive department and exercised by the President or by the secretary of the DNR
So kaya yung mga classification na yon nag yun nagiging nagbabago-bago siya So um One Day A land may be classified as
forest land tapos because it doesn't Uh Uh act like anymore ibig sabihin hindi na siya nagse-serve na purpose niya as a
forest or too bad for the animals for the wild lives wildlife no pero Ganon talaga pagka hindi na siya supportive of
wildlife and it's no longer considered as a forest it can be converted and reclassified no as a pwedeng cultural
land pwede R Timberland etc so pwedeng ganon and that power or prerogative is given to the President as well as the
Department of environment and natural resources and take note that Mere possession by private individuals does
not create a presumption that the lands are alienable and disposable thus only agricultural lands can be alienated okay
mali ata dapat Inuna ko muna Ong itong ano third Bullet para tamang segway no so
of all the lands mentioned earlier only agricultural lands can be alienated however there must be a positive act on
the part of the state declaring the agricultural land as alienable and disposable so yanung tinatawag na a
certification that the land the public public agricultural land is alienable and disposable thus sabi ng Supreme
Court sa colado verus court of appeals Mere possession by private individuals of land does not create a presumption
that the lands are already alienable and disposable Okay kailangan may positive act on the part of the state okay now
meanwhile Ito naman Iyung lands of the public domain not subject to alienation based on article 420 of The Civil Code
and these are number one those for public use like roads parks and wares those for public service such as
government buildings and markets those for the development of the national wealth such as forest lands and mineral
lands So anong epekto nito if these properties or lands are classified or reserved for public use public service
and the development of National wealth clearly they cannot be alienated or leased or Otherwise be the subject
matter of contracts also they cannot be acquired by prescription against the state yung sinasabi nating ordinary
extraordinary prescription as a mode of acquiring ownership Aha Sorry hindi po pupwede yan ah sa state no hindi hindi
yan uubra sa state okay Dapat yung mga public agricultural lands lamang na alienable and disposable Okay na
pinag-uusapan natin ang ownership of public agricultural lands ang tanong ang mga afam ba Pwede ba silang mag may-ari
ng lupa dito sa Philippines so let's talk about the foreign ownership of lands so in krivenko versus Register of
deeds a 1947 case the Supreme Court observed that bago ang 1935 constitution pupwede pero after the 1935 constitution
and also under section 24 of the public land Act number 2874 Aliens could acquire public
agriculture lands can no longer Sorry can no longer acquire lands in the Philippines before
1935 constitution ataka dahil nga dito sa section 24 of public land Act number 2874 Aliens could acquire public
cultural lands used for industrial or residential purposes but after the 1935 constitution and under section 23 of ca
141 the right of aliens to acquire such kind of lands was completely stricken off undoubtedly in pursuance of the
constitutional limitation ano Iyung constitutional limitation sabi sa section 2 article 12 Uh this
agricultural resources shall be conserved in The Hands of Filipino citizens and na now yung pag allow sa
isang foreigner na to buy lands no even if secondarily ibig sabihin even after the land has already been titled you
know to a private individual it will defeat no the very purpose no of Uh the prohibition so the um Uh prohibition
applies no ah doun sa original acquisition and even to subsequent acquisitions so yan nasa constitution
kasi so bawal talaga kaya nga ' ba pagka pinag-usapan ang Chacha or charter change isa ito sa mga gusto nilang ah
Icha no gusto nilang palitan now we can't Uh obviously make a decision right now no whether that would be good for
the country if foreigners will be allowed to buy lands in the Philippines I think there should be a deeper study
all Uh sectors all experts both ano both legal pati non legal no Kasi nga itong usapin na' hindi lang to legal ang issue
eh dapat ang usapin nito Dapat i-consider rin natin ang environment i-consider rin natin ang potential or
lack of potential etc Kaya kailangan pag-usapan ito sa tamang panahon sa tamang lugar and with the right people
Okay so let's go to some cases in beumer versus amores it h that a foreigner who bought or who use this property to buy
Uh public lands in the Philippines cannot Seek reimbursement no Kung halimbawa Later on eh pinagbawal at
pinag pinawalang bisa Yung kanyang ah pagbili ng property na iyon hindi po siya entitled sa reimbursement kasi nga
in violation na siya ng constitutional prohibition So it held that the foreigner acquired no right whatsoever
over the subject properties by virtue of its unconstitutional purchase it said that equity Will Follow the law and will
not permit that to be done indirectly with because of public policy cannot be done directly So ibig sabihin hindi
pupwedeng um indirect violation no kumbaga hindi ka makabili ng property so ginamit mo
yung pera mo para yung iba say a Filipino Will buy the property for you that's already an indirect violation So
hindi ka makakalusot sa ganon you will be equally punished so to speak however take note na itong prohibition na to to
acquire lands in the Philippines does not apply to building and other improvements of the land So ibig sabihin
a foreigner can buy condominium units can buy buildings provided that the land is titled to a Filipino ayan So kaya
dito sa case ng buer versus amores mag-asawa sila so hindi pinayagan si bomer Mr bomer no to have a share in the
land no doon sa paghati paghati pagkahati paghahati ng property hindi siya binigyan ng chance na to get half
of it because was prohibited Bawal nga siya na mag may-ari no mag-ari ng ng property ng land in the Philippines pero
pinayagan siya na kumuha ng kalahati doon sa building na nakatayo doon sa land na or sa lupa na yon kasi hindi nga
naman kasama sa prohibition yung building Okay so I hope that's clear now in addition to that meron pang mga ibang
exceptions no so tulad ng number one property was acquired prior to the 1935 constitution as already discussed kanina
as discussed a Ken versus Register of deeds also property was acquired through hereditary succession provided that the
foreigner is a legal or compulsory air ibig sabihin Anak siya ako siya etc etc Yun bang hindi sa last wheel and
testament ang karapatan niya kundi by law All right also purchase of a unit or units in a condominium project subject
to 40% foreign ownership limit in the condominium Okay also purchase of land by a domestic corporation subject to 40%
foreign ownership rule pero the foreigner can enjoy use and benefit from the land and is entitled to receive his
proportionate share in the assets of the company pero hindi pwede Iyung land pa rin so the land will be sold and the
proceeds given to the foreigner also former natural born citizens who are now foreigners Maybe a transfery or a buyer
of private lands also transfer to a qualified Filipino ibig sabihin if land was inv validly transferred to an alien
who subsequently becomes a citizen or transfers it to a citizen then the flaw or the defect in the original regist
original transaction is considered cured and the title of the transfery is rendered valid Okay so Pagka hindi naman
inaksyunan or hindi napawalang visa yung pag-aari nung foreigner no nung land na iyon tapos ngayon binenta niya
subsequently Ayun Okay na kasi nga bumalik na sa Pilipino Yun naman ung sinabi ng Supreme Court dun sa krivenko
eh na ang dahilan kung bakit ang konstitusyon ay pinagbabawal ang pagbigay or pag ah pag allow no or or
pag ano ba pag pahintulot sa isang foreigner no na maka-one ng land sa the Philippines is baka wala ng lands o wala
ng lupa na pwedeng ariin ng mga Pilipino so Pero in that situation ag in the meantime no nagkaroon ng ng ng period na
the land was owned by a foreigner but if it was transferred sub subsequently to a Filipino then the purpose of the
constitution is Served so balik sa Pilipino yung lupa Ayan so land for the Filipinos Okay so now we can discuss the
major legislations on Land Registration anan okay pa ba tayo diyan o ' ba pansin niyo walang posp
ito kaya talaga Lord thank you very much for the gift of Ano ba
ah tiaga or patience and perseverance and of course Thank you for the gift of the voice no and also Syempre for the
gift of the Mind sig lang consistent bikit sa kayo utak Okay Anyway so let's discuss No but but it's okay you can
pause this video If you like you can watch this straight and It's okay but then Yun na nga take note that walang
masasayang dito walang itatapon kayong isang segundo dito sa aking lecture even the ads no so please don't skip the ads
Well of course sinip niyo naman yan so wala akong pakil Anyway Anyway those ads will help me of course make more videos
for you Ayan All right so let's discuss the major legislations on Land Registration first of course is the
Commonwealth Act 141 or the public land act governed by the modes of Uh acquiring lands of the public domain and
prescribing the procedures therefore also Act number 496 or The Land Registration Act established which
established the toren system of registration in the country creating a comprehensive and harmonious system for
the creation and transfer of titles and interests It also created a court of Land Registration and then we have
presidential decree number 1529 or the property registration decree and this is the more popular Uh land legislation No
because it codified the previous laws relative to the registration of property and we have of course itong pinakabago
no at ito ang dahilan kung bakit k ginawa Ong video na to at ito ang Republic Act number 1173 and this was
approved last July 16 2021 and This law amended yyung Commonwealth Act number 141 yung unang-una and then also your PD
1529 so pag-uusapan natin yan mamaya Okay Now let's talk about the torrent system So this torrent system is
basically a system of recording no um ownership over lands and also transactions affecting lands already
registered so As conceived It is a system whereby a person who claims to be the fee owner files an application to
have the land placed in his name on the Register of titles his application is scrutinized Whether it passes certain
tests if it passes the tests ibig sabihin as far as ownership procedure for titling etc then a certificate of
title is issued Describing the nature of his Estate and his certificate vests in him or her an indef title this
certificate of there After becomes the basis of Future transactions affecting the property about gets now the purpose
of adopt aor system in our jurisdiction is to guarantee The integrity of land titles and to protect their
indivisibility once the claim of ownership is established and recognized pag mo indivisible hindi mo siya Hindi
mo siya maat Hindi mo siya ma-challenge Hindi mo siya magigiba It's indivisible hindi mo siya matatalo Ayan This is to
avoid any possible conflicts of title that may arise by giving the public the right to rely upon the face of the
torrence title and dispense with the need of inquiring further as to the ownership of the property pag andyan na
iyung titulo Hindi mo na kailangan mag personal verification or mag personal investigation para lang malaman malaman
mo kung sino talaga ang may-ari kasi andun na kasi ang pangalan niya sa title that's the point of the torrent system
now who are the government agencies or What government agencies are involved in Land Registration So you have of course
the courts Uh with respect to Uh judicial confirmation or judicial registration and of course the
Department of environment and natural resources for the administrative registration naman na tinatawag nating
free patents and then of course the line registration authority which issues the decree of registration Ito naman was it
was created under PD 1529 and under the executive supervision of the Department of
and lastly you have the register ofs which is established for each province or city and it serves as public
repository of titles and records of instruments affecting registered or unregistered lands and Shuttle mortgages
at saka iung personal security contracts or agreements okay now according to Commonwealth Act number 141 or the
public land act a person may acquire title to public agricultural land in the following ways so una for homestead
settlement or homestead patent also by sale by lease and by confirmation of imperfect or incomplete titles ibig
sabihin Nong ano kasi ito yung laging na-confuse yyung mga estudyante ko e bakit tinatawag na imperfect or
incomplete title kaya si imperfect or incomplete kasi ang kulang doon is Public or government or state
recognition Yun lang talaga ang kulang kaya through judicial confirmation through the courts the court will
and acknowledge na ikaw na nga ang mayari meanwhile for administrative legalization naman or free patent ang
ang administrative or executive branch ang magre na ayan Meron ka ng titulo and with judicial confirmation at saka
administrative legalization magiging perfect ka na ' ba parang tumalsik pa yung laway ko doon okay perfect Ayan so
Anyway that Kaya nga di ba by confirmation of imperfect or incomplete titles magiging perfect na ang title mo
All right So what is homestead patent So it is a mode of acquiring alienable and disposable lands of the public domain
for agricultural purposes condition upon actual cultivation and Residence no So kaya kailangan talaga may actual
cultivation ka diyan at ah kailangan yun ang dahilan kung bakit ka naga-apply no Kasi nga ah sasakahin mo ba saka Ayan
saka o basta you are cultivating it noo Ah so citizens of the Philippines at least 18 years old or head of the family
and not an owner of more than 12 hectares of land pursuant to the 1987 constitution may apply for a homestead
pattern also the homestead patent application shall be filed with the DNR senro What is senro the community
environment and natural resources office where the land being applied for is located doon aapplyan yan Okay so next
is sales patent It is a patent issued for the type of application covering lands of the public domain for
agricultural or residential purposes as provided under the public land act Anyway so as the name suggests it's a
sales patent So you buy it from the state Now meanwhile you have least application and it is a type of
application for the lease of alienable and disposable lands of the public domain and patrimonial property of the
government disposable for agricultural purposes under the existing law now Uh so these are your choices other than
free patent and Uh judicial confirmation So lahat ito sa DNR to no sa DNR Uh aapplyan etc so If You're watching me
right now and you are interested in buying lands of the Philippines through this modes or methods you can please
inquire with the DNR regarding the requirements and even the availability of lands no for Uh homestead sales
pattern and even lease application By the way for this application ang pwede mong applyan dito kasi nga hindi pwedeng
i- alen no um Andiyan yyung mga fors lands no gusto magtayo ng Resort no yan So pwede mag-last application ka what
else reclaimed land no halimbawa nagkaroon ng reclamation assuming it's the government who developed it and then
or who Uh initiated the reclamation tapos wala pang mga naga-apply na iba go ahead applyan mo anan para either for
business or for residential purposes All right so now let's talk about the new law republic act
1173 so Republic Act 1173 was approved on July 16 2021 So basically Yeah mag3 years na no 3 years 2021 22 23 24 so
mag-3 years na coming July na it was published on August 16 2021 but It took effect on September 1 2021 now of course
h ko na kailang explain kung bakit dagdagan mo lang ng 15 days iyan puru one to Article 2 of The Civil Code kaya
' ba all laws shall become effective 15 days from its publication okay now kaya September 16 na September 1 Okay By the
way Bakit importante it September 1 Maghintay kayo manood lang kayo no magintay kayo Bakit importante itg
September 1 2021 Okay Now by the way What is the main feature or purpose of this Republic Act 1173 Well it's so
important and significant because it amended ca 141 and PD 1529 on free patents and judicial confirmation of
imperfect titles so let's go on and discuss Uh papaano nabago itong um procedure on free patents as well as
judicial confirmation of titles Okay so simulan muna natin sa free patents background muna tayo Ano ba ang mga
batas on free patents so we have ca 141 as amended by PD 1073 Uh which provides the procedure Okay pag-usapan natin
procedure later now also we have Republic Act number 10023 or the free patent act approved
march 9 Uh 2010 which is applicable to residential lands it used to be that pag sinabi natin free patent agricultural
lands lang ngayon pupwede na applyan ng free patent ang mga residential lands now We also have Republic Act
11231 the agricultural free patent reform act no approved February 22 2019 which removed restrictions regarding
acquisitions incumbrances transfers etc so doun sa mga nakakaalam pagka nauhan ka ng free patent hindi mo pwedeng
ibenta hindi mo pwed isanla no within 5 years from the roval of the Free patent ngayon dito sa Republic Act 11231
tinanggal na yang ano na yan ang mga restrictions na yan kaya starting 2019 Uh all lands that were acquired by free
patent can immediately be sold pwede mo agat isang Layan Hindi mo na kailangan maghintay ng 5 years All right also
Republic Act un na nga 1173 which Uh amended no and modified the procedure for free patent as provided under ca 141
All right pag-usapan muna natin yung residential free Pat pent ito kasi hindi masyado nalalaman ng na na pag-uusapan
at hindi rin na ituturo at kokonti lang nakakaalam nito residential free patent As I've said it used to be that only
agricultural lands can be the subject of free patent but now even residential lands can be the subject of free patent
now to apply for free patent The following are the qualifications first any Filipino citizen Who is an actual
occupant of a residential land okay now What are the size limits of the land in highly urbanized cities dapat not
exceeding 200 s meters Okay so itong well on the average I think mga houses na may garahe ganyan I think na
nasa mga 100 yan no yan so isipin niyo halimba yung lands ninyo ngayon if if you're You're watching this and hindi pa
titled yung mga properties ninyo Tingnan niyo kung gaano kalaki pag hindi lalagpas yan ng 200 kasi ang 200 malaki
na yan eh no Uh kung ung bahay ninyo ah Kahit nga walang garahe lalo na kung walang garahe yan pero isipin natin
Sabihin nating on the average you have let's say um asala kusina tapos CR sa gilid tapos squarish ang design ng bahay
niyo siguro nasa mga 50 to 70 yan o pasok basta less than 200 squ met now in other cities In other words not the
highly urbanized cities meaning to say siguro iyung mga um Uh independent cities chartered cities mga ganyan no ah
then pwede ang up to 500 s m So doon mas malaki mas malaki ang pwedeng ah applyan ng free patent so in first and second
class municipalities not exceeding 750 squ M and in all other municipalities not exceeding 1,000 s m Okay na For sure
ito mag-iisip kayo Ano kaya Iyung classification ng lugar namin don sa probinsya Google is the key Okay i-type
niyo lang po ung title ung pangalan nung ano ninyo ng siyudad ninyo um in fact you can go to Wikipedia directly na kasi
baka i-lead din kayo sa Wikipedia nandun sa Wikipedia ah napaka-dry ng isang lgu no Ah so nandun yung classification
Nandun din yung history etc noun makikita niyo kung ano kayo first second or third class municipalities So take
note pagka the the the lower the classification mas malaki ang pwede m applyan imagine 1,000 s met I think this
is 1 hectare No I'm sorry hindi ako magaling sa ano sa sa conversion Anyway so These are the land size limits under
ra 11123 now the land applied for must be needed for must not be needed for public
service or public use ' ba sinabi ko kanina doon sa Uh under the Civil Code What lands cannot be alienated Iyun
iyung mga lands for public service public huse and the development of National wealth eh Dito nga hindi
nalagay yung development of National wealth eh Pero okay lang kasi Malamang hindi rin naman for residential purposes
ang mga mineral lands ' ba ayun mga mineral lands forest lands e hindi naman yan for ah residential purposes so pag
residential ang ina-applyan mo So probably ito na no may kalsada na and everything so kaya
um ang applicable na lang talaga ang material or significant na na restriction is Iyung if the land is not
Devoted for public service or public use okay now the act covers all lands zoned as residential area including town sites
so dapat pasok d siya sa zoning no na residential naung area It also includes zone residential areas within the listed
military reservations abandoned military camps and those preceding ibig sabihin bago ma-cover ng national integrated
protected area system law or nipas Okay so what are the requirements So you have actual survey by a licensed genetic
engineer to get the technical description Okay of course next is the technical description and then affidavit
from two disinterested persons attesting to the applicant's continuous possession for at least 10 years ibig sabihin 10
years dapat ang minimum number of years mo in occupation of the land Okay so kaya doun sa mga hindi makaabot doun sa
Ah 2030 ganyan na mas matagal pag sa court mo Idaan no um and even sa ordinary free patent tapos residential
yan Ito pinaiksi yyung time and that is 10 years na nga okay Dapat residential ha Baka business na pala yan for
business na Yung property na yan ah hindi hindi kayo hindi kayo ma-approve niyan Okay so in case no kumpleto Iyung
character n land is there and then the applicant is qualified as well and then the area of the land is qualified then
Saan mo a-apply yan so It will be applied with the community environment and natural resources Office of the
place where the land is located Now take note that the following restrictions do not apply to lands applied under the
residential free patent act so you have the five year restriction against incumbrance or alienation except if made
in favor of the government so Ian Iyung restriction so hindi applicable so immediately from the approval of the
Free patent pwede na p ibenta agad yan also right of Redemption by widow or legal airs within 5 years from date of
conveyance hindi na rin iapply yan kasi nga This is immaterial kasi wala ng prohibition and also prohibition against
corporations acquiring prev issued a free patent title hindi na rin applicable So kaya kung ang ang land na
yan ay issued through a free patent yung free patent ibig sabihin niung nakakuha or naka nabigyan ng free patent pwede na
agad niya ibenta din sa isang corporasyon kung bawal noon ngayon pupwede na Okay Now let's talk about the
agricultural free patent which unlike the residential free patent this one applies to public agricultural lands So
who may apply for agricultural free patent any natural born Citizen of the Philippines what may be applied for no
more than 12 hectares of alienable And disposable public agricultural lands Okay so not more than 12 hectares Hindi
ito Sky is the limit no baka isipin niyo lahat na lang ng lands na na makita ko or abot ng tingin ko aaplyan ko hindi 12
hectares lang ang maximum now Next conditions at least 20 years of continuous occupation and cultivation
either personally or through a predecessor interest ang ibig sabihin ng predecessor interest ibig sabihin yung
nauna sayo no kung kanino mo rin nakuha yung karapatan doon sa property na yon So dapat hindi hindi siya stranger at
hindi ka rin stranger doon mamaya baka Pinasok mo lang yung property trespasser ka pala hindi mo ngayon madidikit or
tinatawag sa batas yung tuck in hindi mo mata-an Okay so now take note na dito sa agricultural free patent 20 years ang
period doun naman sa residential free patent 10 years ang period Okay may isa pang requirement kung doon sa
residential free patent dapat talaga nakatira ka talaga doon etc etc basta residential Now here kailangan may bayad
no kailangan nagbabayad ng real property taxes now tanong Pwede ba magbayad na ng real property taxes kung hindi ka pa
naman ang may-ari of course pupwede na no basta you are in possession you are bound to pay real property taxes Now
Will the city assessor's office allow you to pay kahit wala ka pang titulo over the property Yes po Pwede po for as
long as you can present um the documentation of your ownership so halimbawa pwedeng de of Sale ah kung
wala kang Dee of Sale pupwede rin um de of donation extrajudicial settlement Basta kung papaano Paano ka
naging may-ari now again Go back to article 712 the modes of acquiring ownership prove that and you will be
able to get Uh tax declaration and also prove that then you will be able to get title o yan kasi ito kasing article 712
that's the substantive right now meanwhile act or ca 141 PD 1529 and even this Republic Act 1173 are all
procedural in nature ibig sabihin sila yung paraan or proseso para ma-implement at maisak Kat para ang sinasabi ng Civil
Code which is a substantive law Okay I hope that's clear okay now Saan ka maga-apply ng agricultural free patent
so you can apply it with the Sen raw now kung walang Sen raw then Pwede doon sa pen raw Ano ibig sabihin ng penro So
that's the provincial environment and natural resources office Iyung senro community environment and natural
resources office Okay so what's the processing period so within 120 days Actually itong processing period nito
dito sa ra 1173 ganun din dun sa ah batas on residential free patent So parang ginaya lang no so 120 days ang
action dapat doon sa application for free patent so there no So I will now Skip that I will now go to the judicial
confirmation of imperfect title as the name suggest it says judicial ibig sabihin hukom korte no so ito yung
confirmation of imperfect title through the court yung kanina yung free patent yung dalawang y through the DNR Hindi
naman DNR na National office cro but still senro is under DNR okay now Saan mo
i-file kung kanina sabi ko senro senro ng lugar kung nasaan yung property Dito naman sa judicial
confirmation of imperfect title you file the petition in the Regional trial court having territorial jurisdiction over the
place where the land is located now ang municipal court or ang first level court may also be vested with delegated
jurisdiction ang Supreme Court ang nagde-date no kung anong mga first level courts ang pwedeng maging Land
Registration court anan pero take note that the assessed value of the property na aapplyan mo is not more than
Php1,000 now this value was not affected by Republic Act 1176 Iyung 1176 ito yung batas na nag-increase ng jurisdiction na
Although itong 15 76 is a later lw pero nung tiningnan ko nung kinompare ko yung 1173 as well as 1176 at saka pd5 29 Wala
eh Walang incompatibility so it's still php100,000 pagka Land Registration pero pagka actions to recover title
possession etc or any interest in land ang ano ngayon is Php400 So if the land is Uh over
Php400 you apply that with the Regional trial court pagka less than 400,000 then sa Uh first level courts okay now who
may apply Okay ito na now if you can or if you must have read no the old section 14 of PD 1529 you will be able to see
the you will be able to to immediately see the difference under the new section 14 and this is New because amended na
siya by repu act 1173 so first Tingnan mo lang yung first Bullet diyan wala ka ng makikitang petsa
na July na June 12 1945 under the old section 14 meron pang June 12 1945 ito ngayon wala na back in the day or before
this amendment Uh those availing or applying for registration under this number one kailangan i-trace nila Iyung
kanilang possession either personally or Through Their predecessors in interest all the way back to June 12 1945 kasi
dapat bago go noon or before June 12 1945 and of course in this time and age it's already 2024 Ang hirap i-prove yan
imagine halos 20 years na lang no 100 daang taon na mga na na na recitation of events no At saka tao dapat mag-testify
niyan pero who could possibly be Alive 100 years ago to testify that this Pres present applicant was or his or her
predecessors were already in the property since J 12 1945 so now ang makikita mo lang diyan 20 years o ba
amazing so Anyway so let's read this those who by themselves or Through Their predecessors and interests have been in
open continuous exclusive and Notorious possession and occupation of alienable and disposable lands of public domain
not covered by existing certificates of title or patents under a boned claim of ownership for at least 20 years
immediately preceding the filing of the application for confirmation of title except when prevented by war or force
maure sa dulo Okay Anyway number two Okay those who have acquired ownership of private lands or abandoned River beds
by virtue of accession or agression under the provisions of existing laws and lastly those who acquired ownership
of land in any other manner provided for by law Okay remember I said if you had the chance or you want to check the old
section 14 ito pa ang mapapansin niyong difference doon sa old section 14 meron pang prescription doon I think it's
section 14 number two na those who acquired ownership through prescription balikan natin ang bagong section 14
Nasaan si prescription ibig sabihin ba hindi na pwede ang prescription as a ground no to acquire ownership at para
ma ma-recognize ng ano ng ng ng mga courts no Well pasok na ang prescription d sa una kasi
anong sinasabi ko kanina pagka sinabi mong possession possession is not a separate ground no Kaya nga yung
occupation under article 712 of The Civil Code that means activity livelihood yan hanap buhay mo pag
possession do yan sa prescription papasok kaya dito redundant na na maglagay ka pa ng separate item for
prescription when you have already discussed or when you have already stated
poss in the first Bullet or in number one na possession is a ground or is a situation qualified for registration So
kaya as explained in a case that I will discuss later pagka prescription ang pinag-usapan natin ang susundin natin
itong number one so possession so dito sa number one regardless of the nature of possession mean to say ah possession
in good Faith or in bad Faith ganyan prescription pa rin iyan pero ang maganda or kakaiba dito is that 20 years
no ang ang specific period of possession at ano sinasabi ko kanina pagka ordinary prescription 10 years extraordinary
prescription 30 years kalimutan mo na iyan pagdating sa registration of lands pagdating sa registration of lands Isa
na lang ang period para hindi na tayo malito Ayan Although siguro mas mahirap para doon sa akala niya 10 years lang
para sa kanya and na ngayon 20 years na pala o ' ba madadagdag pa siya ng another 10 years pero at least no ano na
na streamline naging ah uniform na pagdating sa possession whether that's by ordinary prescription or
extraordinary prescription 20 years na lang siya ngayon okay so I hope you were able to notice that para doon sa mga
nakakaalam ng section 14 now if you want please no para lang ma-appreciate ninyo ang context ni itong napakagandang
amendment ng ra 1173 i-google niyo na lang Hanapin niyo yung old section 14 no Kasi ang pagaaral ng Batas kasi hindi
lang naman kung ano lang ang inilatag sa iyo no mag-research ka din Okay Ayan Sorry lumalabas ang aking
pagka-panalo college Okay next What may be applied for So pwede mong applyan dito our Pub public agricultural land
bast not exceeding 12 hectar so isa pa to sa nabago under the old section 14 wala pong limit walang limit kung ilan
ilang hectar ang ang aapplyan mo pero ngayon 12 hectares na ang maximum Okay so hindi pwedeng 1,000 hectares no
kailangan up to 12 hectares lang now Next as to the proof that the land isable and disposable a jully sign
certification by a jully designated DNR genetic engineer that the land is part of of alienable and disposable
agricultural lands of the public domain yun ang magiging proof that the land is alienable and disposable so it shall
state no the certification shall State the applicable forestry administrative order the DNR administrative order
Executive Order etc when available kaya kung wala naman yan e kung ano lang yung ah mga available mga data dapat nandun
sa certification para merong reference okay now Why Did I mention this but obviously This is another important um
amendment because before This law the Uh courts require the original classification of the land meaning to
say Iyung classification ni DNR secretary ' ba sinabi ko kanina kung sino ang may power to classify lands so
it's the DNR secretary no So ngayon Kailangan mong pumunta sa DNR main office Sa Quezon City to get that
certification and in fact in a case Republic versus T properties I think dated 2008 I'm not sure 2003 basta
ganyan Anyway so There Was this case where the Supreme Court dismissed the petition for original registration
Simply because the petitioner presented as evidence that the landine is alienable and disposable a certification
by the DNR genetic engineer sabi ng Supreme Court here say Dapat kasi yung original classification so hindi pwedeng
ang genetic engineer kasi hindi naman siya yung original na pumirma doon So kung sino ang original na pumirma doon
dapat yung DNR secretary At least ang office niya Hindi naman yung DNR secretary mismo ang pipirma no ng
certification niya kundi yung custodian ibig sabihin yung opisina niya yun Dapat so dahil diyan ang daming mga kasong
na-dismiss no dahil ito dahil dito na ang problema kung nasa probinsya ka napakalayo mo Okay what's the fest
province in the South Okay I say well dito sa eastern part no sa western part mean siguro tawi-tawi ' ba to the
northern part I think Batanes no Ayan So kung nandoon ka pupunta ka p Maynila to get the certification so with This law
you don't need to get the original classification certified by the custodian which is the DNR the office of
the DNR secretary pwede na ang ang certification ng designated DNR genetic engineer doun sa region no na kung saan
nasa kung saan nandon Yung property okay ' ba ang ganda Okay Anyway so dito sa kaso ng republic versus Pasig Rizal
company which is a 2022 case inilatag ng Supreme Court yung mga guidelines on the application of Ra 1173 at dito babalik
ulit sa September 1 2021 Okay Akala niyo Nakalimutan ko na Nono so first ra 1173 shall apply retroactively to all
applications for judicial confirmation of title which remain pending as of September 1 2021 ibig sabihin ung mga
cases na decided na with finality ibig sabihin kahit umabot sa Supreme Court na deny na yung yung yung appeal no sa
supreme court ay hindi mo na pwedeng buksan yun tapos i-apply mo ra 10573 kailangan all cases pending as of
September 1 2021 and of course ung mga cases filed after September 1 2021 okay now now applications for judicial
confirmation of title filed on the basis of the old section 141 ibig sabihin yyung may June 12 1945 at saka 142 Iyung
merong prescription and which remain pending before the Regional trial court or the court of appeals as of September
1 2021 shall be resolved following the period and manner of possession required under the new section 14 thus Beginning
September 1 2021 naku listen to this carefully proof of open continuous exclusive and Notorious possession
occupation of alienable and disposable lands of the public domain not covered by existing certificates of title blah
blah blah okay for at least 20 years Okay immediately preceding the filing of the application for confirmation shall
be sufficient okay for purposes of judicial confirmation of title hindi na June 12 1945 now in the interest of
substantial justice the region trial courts and court of appeals are hereby directed upon proper motion or even on
its own Moto proprio to permit the presentation of additional evidence on land classification status based on the
parameters set forth in section 7 of Ra 1173 ibig sabihin para makapag-alis evidence shall consist of
Ito na nga certification issued by the DNR genetic engineer which states that the land subject of the application for
registration has been classified as alienable and disposable Land of the public domain Bears reference to the
applicable forestry administrative order DNR administrative order etc etc and indicates the number of the LC map
covering the land Okay May isa pa in the absence of a copy of the relevant issuance classifying the land is
alienable and disposable the classification must additional State the release date of the LC map etc etc
Anyway ang jutic ang jic engineer na ngayon ang bahala dito no sa mga requirements pero take note that sabi ng
Supreme Court the DNR genetic engineer Must Be presented As Witness for proper authentication of the certification in
accordance with the rules of court Ayan So pwede na ang certification from the jic Engineer pero ipresenta mo rin ang
Jude engineer ngayon doun sa mga nag-aaral ng rules and evidence diyan obviously doun sa dati yung pagka
certification ng DNR secretary Hindi mo na kailangan ipresenta ung DNR secretary Bakit because the courts can take
judicial notice of that certification But Here on the other hand it cannot be taken judicial notice of kaya kailangan
iau enticed ng DNR genetic engineer Okay All right Next dito na tayo non so After that Let's go back now to the actual
process dito sa actual process it's it's relatively unchanged no except that Yun na nga yung as far as ra 1173 Changes so
i-modify na lang natin accordingly pero It's still the same process so the first process is
[Musika] ipa-salvage surveyor Okay pero yun nga kung wala ka namang budget Doon ka na
lang sa Bureau of lands or even sa DNR no sa senro okay now Next filing of application for registration which is of
course a petition you file the petition you get a lawyer to prepare the petition for you now Next the court will set a
date for the initial hearing which usually takes around 6 months to e months no from the filing of the
petition Now you're wondering Bakit naman tagal ng first meeting or first meeting initial hearing 6 months 8
months eh dahil sa ita-translate of initial hearing together with documents or other
evidences attached there to by the clerk of court siya ang magta-transfer of court to the Land Registration authority
Okay so After that um ita-transfer of general circulation in the Philippines ang mag-aararo is ang
Land Registration authority pero kung ikaw applikante kailangan magbayad ng mga fees dito so you do that with the
lra no next is service of notice by posting and mailing upon contiguous owners or mga katabing owners occupants
and those known to have interest in the property o Sinong gagawa nito Iyung clerk of court okay now during that time
itong 6 months to 8 months um magpa-file ngayon ng answer or opposition ang kahit na Sino na either
named in the petition kasi ikaw ang gagawa ng petition ilalagay mo na doon yung mga kapitbahay mo and all other
persons you think would be interested now Anyway kahit hindi mo naman isulat dahil yun naa hindi mo naman kilala yung
mga kapitbahay mo at saka wala ka namang kilala na merong interest in the property It's okay because those persons
not named in the petition and not Served a mail no by the clerk of court would still be constructively notified by the
publication So kaya kailangan mo i-publish because that publication is noticed to the whole world Okay so now
magharing na so Dumating na yung araw na magharing na kayo So doon sa araw ng hearing na yon so as applicant you will
have to show compliance with the jurisdictional requirements have you published have you posted and have you
mailed Iyun ang tanong ni judge tapos ngayon iche-check ngayon kung merong mga oppositors So iche-check kung may
nag-file ba ng answer or opposition na nasa records na kung wala naman then the court will ask publicly announce
publicly kung meron bang tumut dito sa application for original registration at kung wala then There Will Be An order of
There Will Be issued An order of general default but take note the order of general default does not apply to the
state so even if the state or the republic of the Philippines does not file an opposition Pero pwede pa rin
niyang kontrahin or apelin or iapil ang ang maging desisyon ng korte dito sa kaso na ito at ang gagawa ng appeal na
yan ay ang Office of the solicitor general okay now so after the hearing magkakaroon na ng judgment So that's
promulgation of judgment okay now after the judgment assuming the judgment becomes final and executory na according
to the rules of court Ayan so After that is ita-transfer naman is i-enter niya
decree of registration Okay tapos ita-transfer ific of title at owner's duplicate of the original certificate of
title Okay so dalawa po iyan yyung original certificate of title pati owner's duplicate of the original
certificate of title kanino Or saan napupunta yung original oct yung original oct nandun lang yan sa register
of deeds meanwhile the owner duplicate of the oct will definitely go to the land owner Okay let's talk about the
remedies so ang remedies ng ah isang Ah what you call this Uh land no hindi land owner ang remedy ng may question or
hindi natutuwa doon sa ah sa registration dito sa applikante ang pagpaparehistro dito sa applikante ng Uh
lupang iyan ay under section 32 PD 1529 ito ung review of the decree of registration So take note na it should
be grounded on actual or extrinsic fraud no so sasabihin niya merong fraud may paglilinlang no bakit sian bakit siya
naisyuhan eh hindi naman siya ang totoong nakatira diyan remember ung mga requisites na sinabi natin kanina huwag
kalimutan ung mga sinabi kanina no kapit sa lahat ng mga binanggit ko kanina hindi dapat kinakalimutan ang mga
earlier learnings no ina-absorb yan no katulad ng isang sponge nagaabang ang may possession ibig
sabihin nagsinungaling siya Okay so There Was fraud no nalin lang ang korte now also meron din tinatawag na
extrinsic fraud and this is the kind of fraud that prevents a party from a trial Or from presenting the tire case so
Itong mga itong nagrereklamo ngayon itong oppositor na ' hindi pala na notify nung ano nung nung pending na
kaso Bakit hindi siya na-no ify eh yun pala yyung publication was defective hindi nag-comply sa order ng court at
saka doon sa sinasaad ng batas So that's extrinsic fraud Okay so kaya i-entertain ngayon yyung review of review of what
you call this um Uh review of the decree of registration God Al Kapit lang lang sige okay next the petitioner dapat must
have real and dominical right ibig sabihin hindi lang siya basta-basta nagke-claim no dapat siya mismo may
karapatan din talaga siya sa lupang niyan so papaano yyung karapatan na iyon again recall article 712 of The Civil
Code on the modes of acquiring ownership kung isa kung nagke-claim siya na he or she acquired the property under those
modes then ito may karapatan siya dito Now take note the property must not have transferred to an innocent purchaser Uh
for value okay Kasi kapag nag-transfer sa na si innocent purchaser for value Ay sorry hindi mo na siya mababawi na
pag-uusapan natin innocent purchaser for value obviously sa part two o ' ba may part two ito Akala niyo ito na yon ' ba
kam may abutin na tayo ng umaga dito no by the way i'm recording this at night no kaya ayan So pasensya na ko medyo
inaantok tayo dito pero mukhang hindi naman K baka kayo pa okay Anyway and lastly Don't forget it must be filed
within one year from the date of entry of the decree oh ' ba yung entry of the decree in the Land Registration
authority so dapat i-file mo within one year All right now let's look at some decisions regarding this So adjudication
of land in a registration or cadastral case does not become final in and incontrovertible until the expiration of
one year after the entry of the final decree before such time The decision remains under the control and sound
discretion of the court rendering the decree which court after hearing May Set aside the decision or decree and
adjudicate the land to another party Now take note while section 32 of PD 1529 provides that the decree of registration
becomes incontrovertible after a year it does not deprive an agre party of a remedy in law a certificate of title is
only an evidence of ownership It's issuance does not forclose the possibility that the property is
co-owned or is held in trust for another person Okay so Ayan All right now let's go to the t titles that may be issued
So what are the t titles may idea na kayo doon sa isa yung ini-issue kapagka nag-apply ka ng original registration so
obviously it's the original certificate of title Now by the way this oct is still issued even if your mode of
application is by free patent kasi yung mga free yung free patent na yan di ba inissue yan ng DNR i-forward din yan
doon sa lra at ang lra din ang mag enter nito doun sa records nila ment ng free patent tapos ah bibigyan ng instruction
din ang Register of dates na isuan niya ng original certificate of title Ayan so the oct is the first certificate issued
to a newly registered land next is the transfer certificate of title and this is the subsequent certificate issued so
ang tct Yan na yung mga susunod after the oct at wala tayong first tct second tct lahat ng mga may issue na title
after or subsequent to the oct is called a tct also we have the con condominium certificate of title or condominium
owner's copy of the tct para to doon sa mga condominium units no Ayan isa lang talaga ang title doon no land title
which is yung title nung lupa kung saan nakatayo yung condominum pero because a condominium is composed of several units
or spaces in a building so every owner of a unit or interest in that building shall be given a condominium certificate
of title All right so let's talk about incontrovertible indivisibility and imprescriptibility
ito paulit-ulit nio Ong mababasa at maririnig pagka pinag-usapan natin ang torrent system at saka ang mga titulo sa
lupa so after the expiration of the one year period from the issuance of the decree of registration upon which It is
issued a torrence title becomes incontrovertible ibig sabihin hindi mo nacha-challenge yan hindi mo na
matitibag yan no so a ti once registered under the torent system of Land Registration cannot be defeated Even by
adverse possession and Notorious possession neither Can it be defeated by prescription kaya ngay sinasabi ko kan
if you have noticed na prescription na yan um is adverse possession according to the periods allowed by law pero it's
only available p the land is not titled Kasi kapag title na ang land na yan the land covered by the Certificate of title
cannot be acquired by adverse possession Even by prescription okay now the phrase dagdag lang natin itg additional
kaalaman no um the phrase merried to is merely merely descriptive of civil status and does not prove co-ownership
you will find This significant pagdating sa mga issues ng you know mga mag-asawa na naghiwalay so ang tanong Kanino ba
yang property na yan and nakalagay mered two Okay so does this mean that it's conjugal in nature or community property
eh papaano kung Yung property was acquired before the Uh the the the registered owner Got Married o ibig
sabihin separate property niya pero napati Luhan niya kasi nga ' ba 20 years na Maghihintay ka para mapatihan mo etc
etc or baka nga ah ah na-delay lang talaga ang pagre-recycle nakalagay merid two so ito
ang sinasabi ng Supreme Court it's not conclusive that the land is conjugal or community property because that phrase
married to is Merly descriptive of The Civil status of the person or the registrar ibig sabihin hindi na siya
single kaya maghanap ka na ng iba mong lalandiin Okay next a certificate of title shall not be subject to collateral
attack it cannot be altered modified or cancelled except in a direct Proceeding in accordance with law okay now take
note while an inherent defective torrence title may not be ordinarily cancelled even after the p the even
after proof of its defect the law however allows no or safeguards the rightful party interest in the titled
land from fraud and improper use of technicalities be allowing such party in appropriate cases to judicially seek
reconveyance to him of whatever he has been deprived of as long as the Land has not been transferred or conveyed to a
purchaser in good fai naku Napakaganda ng ruling na to ibig sabihin kahit na Lagpas ka na ng one year no to review
the decree of registration okay pwede ka pa ring magavail ng mga remedies mo under the law Okay particularly ano Iyun
nabanggit ko kanina remedies to recover property ah balikan niyo iun If you like No pero when it comes to ownership ang
modes of Recovery mo or ang remedies mo ay action rev indicator or action for quieting of title or removal of Cloud so
dalawa yun no so Available yung dalawang remedies na yun doun sa claimant no na hindi nakapag-file ng review petition
for review of the Uh review of decree of registration within one year from the entry of that of that decree of
registration Yan po ang sabi ng pas covers ko po yo okay now where two certificates of title are issued to
different persons covering the same land in whole or in part Ano ang mauuna Ano ang mangingibabaw yung title na may
earlier date no ah as between the original parties okay and in case of successive registration where more than
one certificate Is issued Over the land the person holding under the prior certificate is entitled to the land as
against the person who relies on the second certificate Now take note This is only applicable kapagka walang problema
doon sa unang title ha ibig sabihin hindi mo siya ma- question for being Uh void or in case the property was Il or
fraudulently registered so ah baka mamaya may meron ka pa available remedies e so dapat above board talaga
yyung first title na ion para masabing source of better right siya okay now whoever Uh holds Uh torrence title in
his name is entitled to the possession of the land covered by the title possession which is the holding of a
thing or the enjoyment of a right is but an attribute of the registered owner and this is why kapag may titulo ka na you
are entitled to the possession of the property even if that property is Possessed by another person at may mga
remedies naman available basta Idaan mo lang talaga sa tamang proseso Hwag naman yyung ano you will commit violence no
and what murder just to get a property you know what life is more important than property Okay so kaya remember
registration is not ownership a certificate of title is merely an evidence of ownership or title over the
particular property described therein Okay Al right so Sana may natutunan kayo now let's test that knowledge Gawa
mag-exercise tayo ngayon All right so first question What
principle postulates that all lands and resources belong to the state and private ownership is derived from it
isang regalian doctrine Ayan okay nakuha ba ng lahat Okay let's go to the next question what doctrines or postulates
that uh what doctrine or doctrines postulates that a certificate of title cannot be modified or assailed a year
after its issuance okay the answer is in controvert ility and indivisibility of
title aan So nakuha ba ng lahat okay basta ako nakuha ko ah okay Next question within What period may a
decree of registration be reviewed the answer is one year Ayan nandun na pala Okay next true or false
true or false true or false after the expiration Ayan na pala bakit lumalabas na yung sagot Okay Anyway after the
expression of the period to review the decree of registration there is no other remedy to aale the Certificate of title
obviously the answer is false because as I have said pwede na ang pwede pa rin ang pwede i-avail nung claimant ang
action reivindicatoria or quieting of title Ayan so thank you Thank you so much now take note part one pa lang ito
no meron pa tayong part two pag-uusapan natin ang mga subsequent dealings with the property ibig sabihin ung pag
nagbenta ka ng property or pag minana mo Iyung property so papaano ka nakakakuha ng title over that what are the
requirements and what are some of the legal issues that may be faced tapos pangalawa naman is Iyung annotation no
ng mga incumbrances doon sa likod ng titulo halimbawa pag nagsanla ka ng property sa bangko or just to anyone Ano
ang mga annotations at saka ano pa ibang mga dokumento na pwedeng iann at Paano naman tatanggalin yung mga annotations
na iyon lahat yyan ay sasagutin natin sa susunod na installment no nitong land titles indeed so I look forward to
seeing you in the next video again this is atorne Al jumrani And You're watching The House of law Thank you very much
Please like this video if you learn something and please subscribe if you haven't subscribed yet click niyo na rin
ang notification Bell para alam niyo na na-upload na yung susunod kong video video so Maraming salamat laging tandaan
isip ay buksan alamin ng batas Bye guys
Heads up!
This summary and transcript were automatically generated using AI with the Free YouTube Transcript Summary Tool by LunaNotes.
Generate a summary for freeRelated Summaries

Comprehensive Summary of Appointment and Qualification of Directors
This video provides an in-depth revision of the chapter on the Appointment and Qualification of Directors, covering essential points such as the need for a Board of Directors, qualifications, and various provisions under the Companies Act. It is designed to help students prepare effectively for their exams.

Comprehensive Guide to Company Law: Key Concepts and Exam Preparation
Explore key concepts of company law, essential for students preparing for exams. Get insights into structure, types of companies, and more.

Delhi University Company Law Exam Preparation: A Comprehensive One-Shot Revision Guide
Prepare for Delhi University's Company Law exams with our detailed one-shot revision guide covering syllabus units 1 to 5.

Understanding the Basics of Criminal Law: Key Concepts and General Exceptions
In this first class of the Legal Reasoning Marathon Batch, Advocate Mansi Jan introduces the fundamentals of Criminal Law, covering essential topics such as the stages of crime, the difference between criminal and civil law, and important general exceptions under the IPC. This session aims to equip students with a solid foundation for their upcoming CLAT and AILET exams.

Understanding Defective Contracts: Receivable, Avoidable, and Void Contracts Explained
This video provides a comprehensive overview of defective contracts, focusing on receivable, avoidable, enforceable, and void contracts. It discusses the essential requisites for each type and the legal implications of economic injury or damage to parties involved.
Most Viewed Summaries

Mastering Inpainting with Stable Diffusion: Fix Mistakes and Enhance Your Images
Learn to fix mistakes and enhance images with Stable Diffusion's inpainting features effectively.

A Comprehensive Guide to Using Stable Diffusion Forge UI
Explore the Stable Diffusion Forge UI, customizable settings, models, and more to enhance your image generation experience.

How to Use ChatGPT to Summarize YouTube Videos Efficiently
Learn how to summarize YouTube videos with ChatGPT in just a few simple steps.

Ultimate Guide to Installing Forge UI and Flowing with Flux Models
Learn how to install Forge UI and explore various Flux models efficiently in this detailed guide.

How to Install and Configure Forge: A New Stable Diffusion Web UI
Learn to install and configure the new Forge web UI for Stable Diffusion, with tips on models and settings.