Comprehensive Guide to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) for Psychology Students

Hi guys, we are here again and importantly we are discussing what you cannot do without as a student of

psychology especially in FIA and today we are going to be talking about the Minnesota multifac personality inventory

as produced by Hawway and McKinley in 1943. So your you as a psychology students we are not administering the

instrument to you. We are not doing test abuse but we are exposing you to the level to which you will need the

instrument. It's going to be a detailed analysis of the instrument more than what you have been exposed initially. So

please you it will be very important for your exams and for your understanding as a student to give us your time and your

attention. So without wasting our time, first thing we often do and must do even in our exams when you are asked about

the 10 clinical scales or the strength and weakness of the MNPI, you are expected to at least give us um a build

up an introduction of the instrument. Like we just said, it is called MMPI in capital Minnesota multifacetic

personality inventory and is developed by H um Hawway and Mckenley in 1943. Yeah. And it is a protected test and

again one I'm trying toize them. It is a protected test. What does that mean? Because um it's not the type you go on

computer uh on internet and download. Right? Before you can get a MNPI, it must be licensed. And your license must

be verified through a a license and valid and verified body or organization. Yes. Before you could obtain it and then

in fact before you could apply for it. Right. Yeah. And then also note that MNPI can also be administered in

computer. Right. by licensed person. Yeah. And then it it it is uh it is an instrument that can

tap to assess uh psychological disorders and personality disorders or your

personality not even personality disorders because it can be used please I'm pointing things out it is used for

both clinical and nonclinical populations. clinical populations in terms of people that came to the

psychiatric home, people that needed to check their whatever that have some psychological disorders already

existing, right? Or or suspic suspectively or if I choose that sorry about my English. Yeah. So and uh

nonclinical maybe for job recruitment processes for qualification about a particular field

or or training or position or promotion MNPI can be administered to such persons right yeah and what again I wish to know

about the MNPI so we have the MNPI2 that we're talking about today MMPI2

was in uh the by 1989 and it has um United State the first is

1943 the second the one we are talking about today we are still using Nigeria in UN right yeah is in 1989 and it has

567 items 567 items don't mistake it and the scoring format is dichotoous true or false two or false response format. Yes.

The the map RF that is revised form revised form was in 2008. Yes. And it has 3 338

I think. Is it 388? 338 items. Yes. They have been able to shorten it to that level. Yes. But the one we still using

is 567. And the one Yeah, that one is and It takes about 30 to no 40 50 1 hour 30 minutes at most

to administer. Yes. MNPI and MNPI also is very widely used

for it research power. Yes, it's very popular and is widely used for research based on it

that research based is very research based and popularity also. Yes. So that is the LNI and what does it test

right? What does it test the it has please very fast I don't want to waste our time the MPI tests several

psychological disorder it has 10 clinical skills and it has 10 validity instruments the clinical scales

check for your uh individual psy presence of psychological disorders and personality types while the validity

scales check the individual test taking attitude. I'll touch that when I get there. Now the 10 clinical skills quick.

We have the first one. Yeah. We call it HY hypochondriasis.

The one we call in illness anxiety disorder recently, right? The by HP APA, right? Hypochondriis is sc remember is

scale one to zero. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0. Not 9 10. Right? So we just named that last one zero not 10 right. So

hypochondricis it takes physical difficulties and gastrointestinal

uh problems. Yes. um some symptoms that persist despite

medical tests that have shown um contrary there is this um like vague

um and nonspecific bodily complaints. Yes, people they they you see them saying my back my this but nothing go

scan nothing you not see anything the hyperond is So one has 57 items. The second one is depression. That is DE.

Number two is DA. Depression. And we are talking about poor morale here. Lack of um general satisfaction.

Yes. Lack of hope, general dissatisfaction. And the items here we have 60 items.

Yes. So the the third one is hysteria. Hysteria. We talk about poor physical health also here. We talk about shyness.

We have headache, neuroticism. Neurotism you know that is unstable emotions most of these people here. Yes,

that is I'm trying to simplify it as as a matter of fact so that we will not um have a lot of things to work on for our

exam. Right here we have 50 items in skill three of the MNPI the hysteria. Then we have psychopathic deviate. Yeah.

Yeah. That that is that is for let me not use the word but scale for psychopathic debates.

Right. So these persons have the general social adjustments. That is what the skill four try to assess presence of

social general social adjustments complaints from about family or even from family about a lot of things.

social alienations, boredom. That is what we see here. Yes, that is what we see in in this

place. Then um from here we have masculinity and femininity. That is skill five. Masculinity and femininity.

Um you initially this instrument was used to test you know the one we call LGBT right like homosexuality and all of

those things. But since that aspect is deathized, right? But skill five, as a matter of fact, does not necessarily

have to test for that. We also use this instrument remember to test personalities, right? So you see your

interest here, people's hobby, right? Your vocation, the kind of job you may

even be good to go for, the career path that will fit you. All of those things, your hobbies is good and

how you are conforming to those masculine roles or feminine roles. Yes, this instrument have 56 items.

Then we have paranoia. Number six, paranoia, interpersonal sensitivity. If you're close to the person, they afraid,

very hyper sensitive, very suspicious, psychopath. They are very psychopathic in in nature actually.

This is because uh they can be very delusive in their thought patterns that moment they are feeling they pushing

them know you know delusion is part of um psychotic um symptoms right yeah so here

we have 40 items then psychistia psychistia is the old name for obsessive obsessive compulsive disorder

And they have inability to resist some thoughts or actions, abnormal fears, um selfc criticism,

difficulty in concentration and guilt feeling. Yes, difficulty in in concentration and guilt feeling. And we

have 38 item. Then number eight is schizophrenia. That is the largest one. The one that has the largest number of

items or yes items. That is the right word. Schizophrenia. So this is where you have bizarre

thoughts, disorganized speech patterns, peculiar perceptions. Their perceptions is unique to them. You you might not be

able to interpret the way they're interpreting things, right? So we have socialations.

The there is poor family relationships. The items here is also 78. Guys, I'm trying to be quick due to um the volume

of our videos. Then we have hypomomania. Number n. Hypomomania is another name for mania. Yeah. When we talk about

bipolar, right? So all all these uncontrollable ideas, behavioral bea excitement and all of

those things, egoentricism that is grandioity also we assess it. You know those symptoms and activities

with those people in that even irritability. Then it has 46 items. And the last that

is number zero. That is the 10th one. We have social introversion. This is where we use the one that taps to know whether

you are introvert or extrovert or socially introverted or um introverted extrovert or extroverted

introvert. If I use that word right then yes. So that's what it assesses. Whether you are very comfortable,

uncomfortable in social interactions, all of those things or you have limited social skills, you know, social skills

include your communication skills, your everything you can think about your listening skills, everything. They they

don't know how to talk. In fact, you may think they don't want to some of them don't know how to say it. Yes. So, and

they They try as much as possible to withdraw from social situations or social interaction situations. Yeah. And

this place we have 69 items. Yes. 69 items. Now having said that quickly we will go to the 10 validity

skills. And like I said before the validity scales of the MNPI is used to test or to assess individual test taking

attitude. Now what is attitude? Am I to reflect revert back to that attitude simply means your tendency to think feel

in a certain way. Oh this item is too big. This is your thinking feeling. I feel that these people want to they want

to know what I will say I come and carry and uh action. I rather give the wrong answers

right. I'd rather not answer them or hey no okay this is for job recruitment I would rather make sure that I I appear

in a perfect way this instrument will cash that person will discover that oh this is uh they want to know if I have

this and then they'll disqualify me I will not show that this instrument will show that oh I want to be imprisoned and

imprisoned and I I want them that I'm not fine. Maybe that's why I did it. And you are giving those responses that are

terrible that you want to appear with with even psychological disorders like psychopathic DVA, like schizophrenia,

like paranoia, in fact depression, you are dying tomorrow. You want to show them in that scale, they'll show it. You

want them to pity you. All those particial disorders, maling, right? This instrument will show it. Or you want to

be a good guy. You want to impress your managers. you want to be the right person to be chosen everything or I just

what are they talking about I don't I think this is boring I don't think what the heck I I doubt this instrument can

assess me I I I know I can successfully hide myself let's see how it goes this instrument so these are the kind of

attitude people give to tests instruments responding to instrument and this MNPI has been good to discover all

of those things right so we continue with the validity instruments yes the validity I said initially we we heading

for but please for exams we have 10 also 10 valid scales the first one is the cannot say cannot say of the of the

MMPI yeah it's it it's um it's referring to Those

instruments you not respond to, you not answer them. Yeah, those ones you not answer, you just leave them open. There

are reasons to leave them open. One, you don't want to divulge. Two, uh, you don't you don't understand the

English. Yes, you don't understand. You don't know how to respond to it. Yes, they assess it. And mind you that

according to the instructions in instrument, once it's up to 30, is it 30? Yes, the instrument will not be

used. Yes. Then we have vin the one called variable response infrequency. Variable response infrequency tests your

the infrequency of your supposedly responses that should vary. I am good. You take true and you come

another place. I am bad. You say true. Do you see that? This automatically should vary.

I don't like going out. False. I prefer staying alone when I'm alone especially when I'm uh I I um I I feel

very happy when I'm left alone at home. You still say force. Come on. This is this items naturally should vary. But

because you are not paying attention or because you want to show them pepe you they are varying. So that is the

second validity scale variable response infrequency. The third is train t r i n true response inconsistency.

Now these are things we expected to see. True I am I feel good. True. I am happy. True. Uh I don't like going out. True.

Um I am fine. I'm better when they I'm alone at home. True. These are supposedly to be consistent. These are

true responses. But when these are inconsistent, they are also at this point. Now you are saying true, false,

true, false, true, false. That is a problem. But the other place you were expected to say

true false true false true false you were saying true true or false false they were supposed to vary at the point

that is frame but in train these are true true true but you are doing true false false true true false true false

true false no this is this instrument will figure it out we have F scale the F scale is one called infrequency scale

This is generally when there is so much infrequency your responses and at this point majorly is you can also see

presence of psychopathic debate in this but most times you see people that are not reading the instruments and they are

just feeling it. Yes, we have FBS uh or FB. FB is um um we call it faking bad.

No back F we write it FB but it is called back F that is back in frequency. The same thing with F it measure the

same thing but at the second half of the instrument that is back FB we call it FB but it's back F scale. Then we have FBS

faking bad scale. This is where you want to malinger or look pitiable and bad. Call it bad, right? Want to appear as a

James Bond that can kill 10 persons, right? All of those things. Faking bad ch

FPS, let me use that word that is faking psychopathology. This person's exaggerate symptoms or

psychopathology. Yes. Then K correction scale. The K correction scale also look at presence of psychopathology and the

person is also trying to show some symptoms of psychopathology. Yes. Then the L scale is the one that want to

appear in a good light. You want to appear a good person. I smile to everybody I see. Oh boy. You say true

but you know it's not possible, right? So they have cash you there. Yeah. Because you want to get that as a

receptionist and you are saying you're smart to everybody you know you're already in trouble right okay I hope I'm

not saying too much and then we have the S scale I think that should be the last right the scale the superlative scale

this one is you're not only trying to appear good you are trying to appear not even only very good but you're trying to

appear not even perfect but uh the word is extra perfect super superlative. You

want to exaggerate your goodness, this one can figure you out that superlative scale. I hope I have done that and I've

captured um all the um instruments or the 10 validity scales of the instrument and please before I drop is important I

drop the strengths and weaknesses of the MMPI. One of them the strength is very broad. It can get both presence and

absence of psychological disorders that is NP is a very broad that can tackle to several things of several

psychopathologies and a lot of things. Number two, it has improved improved and indepth validity measures that can catch

any dishonest test responses and it has development of new norms. Right? So from 1943 1989 2008 R form

yeah that is RF and it has continue to develop new norms and new standards and trying to make it more compatible and in

fact it has gone it has it is transcribed and translated into 150 languages already. Yes. And it's

even expanded in expanded in groups. It can tap into several psychopathologist more than we know more than these 10 you

are seeing there are you know we we have other skills that at your at our level we are not supposed to that in the final

years right you're not supposed to it's when you start your masters maybe you will be able to expose to other um

subsets of the MNI which are massive yes yeah so then we areing Okay, I've said it before. It has cross

cultural validity. That is ability to transcribe several languages and norm across these

instrument cultures. It has cultural cross cultural val. That's what I'm trying to say. Right? Then the

standardized score, the way to administer it is standardized already. The way to respond to it standardized

two of us. The way to score it is standardized has a standard instrument guys. If you see the the uh the scoring

and interpretation instruments they are not uh um just by your skill or it is standardized.

Yes. And it's it has a uniform scoring criteria. That's what I'm trying to say. Right. So the It is also very good for

forensic assessment. Yes. For criminal profiling of suspect and everything. Like I told you, it will find you out.

We call it the oracle. Yes. Because it will find you out no matter. So the weaknesses we're going to have

exclusivity, right? exclusivity because only the

professionals must touch it and you must be qualified to do that before you can purchase it or

anything. And MPI is too long. 567 questions. It takes time. It's too long. 1 hour 30 minutes too long. It's too

broad also. It is too broad. It's too broad. like by tapping into depression, schizophrenia, anxiety, all of these

things. And again, another weakness is that people that we used to normally college students, college students in

Minnesota. Does that that means that all those illiterates and trades may not be able to you understand? Yeah.

So the uneducated there are too much psychopathology and in fact no matter who you are they

will find a name for you. You understand? So some critics have already said that or are suggesting that

it's better or for an instrument that can measure a single disorder than the whole of them. As they say master in all

is master jack of all trade is master in none. Right? But you'll be glad to see what MAPI can do if you are if you want

to respond to it. Thank you. I'll see you in the next video.