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hey how's it going everybody in this

video I'm going to teach you everything

you need to know to start coding with

Java this series even contains about 15

Hands-On projects that we're going to

code together our final project will be

a functioning alarm clock that plays

music of your choice if you've never

coded anything in your life don't worry

we're going to start from the very

beginning I encourage you to sit back

relax and enjoy the

show I don't like boring introductions

so we're just going to Jump Right In to

start coding with Java you'll need two

things a Java development kit also known

as a jdk a jdk contains a compiler a

compiler will compile your source code

your written code into bite code which

can run on a machine you'll also need an

integrated development environment IDE

an IDE is a fancy term for a workspace

in which we can write code because

sometimes notepad just doesn't cut it

we'll get started by downloading a jdk a

Java development kit okay here's how to

download the jdk the Java development

kit you can easily just Google or do a

search for jdk download we're going to

use the one by Oracle so we'll click on

this link I'll also post the link in the

description of this video if you would

like to access it that way we will

download the latest jdk version as of

the filming of this video we're on jdk

23 we're going to look for our operating

system I'm running Windows I will

download the 64- bit installer by

clicking this

link then we just have to wait for it to

download the download is complete we're

going to open this

executable select next

next our jdk has been successfully

installed we can close it and that's all

we got to do for the

jdk now we need to install an IDE an

integrated development

environment one I recommend is intellig

you can easily just Google or do a

search for intellig

download we'll select the top

link now if you're not brought to this

page let's say you're at a different

page go to the top right where it says

get intellig click it and you should be

brought to a download page this version

is a 30-day trial but if you scroll down

there is a free version this is the

Community Edition because I don't like

to pay for things select the correct

download for your operating system I'm

running Windows I will download the

executable once the download is complete

we will open this executable for

intellig select

next choose a destination folder I'll

keep it as is Click

next you can create a desktop shortcut I

think I will just for convenience

now this is important too you can update

the path variable it basically tells

your operating system where to find the

executable files this is useful if

you're going to be running Java code

from command prompt or terminal but we

won't be doing that in this series you

can always come back later and update

this but we'll just select next and

install all right and we can finish we

might as well start intellig right away

I'm going to check this check boox to

run intellig and

finish we should now be at a welcome

screen for intellig we need to create a

project select new project I'll name my

project my first

project select the latest version of

your jdk I have jdk version 23 there is

a checkbox and it's most likely going to

be checked that says add sample code

just as a beginner I recommend

unchecking this it'll autogenerate some

sample code for us but we're going to do

that ourselves I'll show you how and

then

create within our project folder

navigate to your Source folder it has a

name of

SRC we need to create a main Java file

go to the top toolbar go to file new

Java class we'll name this class main

it's going to contain the main body of

our code then select class

now the font is probably going to be

really

small here's how to change

that go to the top toolbar go to

settings go to

editor

General and you can check this checkbox

for change font size with Control Plus

Mouse wheel apply okay now you should be

able to zoom in if you hold control and

scroll your mouse wheel now we can

actually read something in Java in order

to get some code to run you need a main

method within our class of main there's

a set of curly braces we'll type the

following public static void main add a

set of parentheses then a set of curly

braces within the set of parentheses

you're going to type the following

string straight brackets

args like you're a pirate

you need this method in order for your

program to run over the course of this

series we'll learn what each of these

keywords means but as a beginner think

of it as a magic spell that you have to

say in order to get your program to run

to run your program you're going to

click the screen Arrow or you can hold

shift plus

F10 if we have written the main method

successfully we should have no

errors it says processed finished with

exit code zero that means everything is

running fine if I were to delete this

main method we can't actually run the

program so be sure that that method is

in to Output some text to the console

window we're going to type system with a

capital s. out. print add a set of

parentheses then a

semicolon in Java you'll end most of

your statements with a semicolon it's

kind of like a period at the end of a

sentence in the English language

within the set of parentheses we'll add

a set of double quotes whatever we would

like to Output we're going to type

within the set of double quotes think of

a food you like I'll type I like

pizza and then we can run this and this

should be the

output again I'm going to go to the

Green Arrow or you can hold shift

F10 and a console window should pop up

that says I like pizza or whatever your

favorite food is whatever you typed

here let's add another line of

code again type

system.out.print end it with the

semicolon within quotes which we type I

like pizza it's really

good let's run it

again all right here's our output I like

pizza it's really good

now these are both on the same line to

move your output down to the next line

you can use print Ln meaning print

line now it should look something like

this I like pizza it's really

good if you type back sln that's an

escape sequence for a new line and that

works too besides print line I like

pizza it's really good

let's add another line of text

system.out.print or print

line I like pizza it's really good buy

me

pizza and I'll add a new line

character I like pizza it's really good

buy me

pizza or again you could use print

line so print Ln for print

line and this will do the same

thing now you can write a comment

comments aren't displayed as output to

write a comment you use two forward

slashes and the text should be gray out

comments are good as notes for yourself

or for other developers let's add a

comment that this is my first Java

program when we run this this won't

display us out output it's really just

used as notes we still have our output

it hasn't

changed you can even add a multi-line

comment with a forward slash then an

asterisk to end a multi-line comment you

need an asterisk then a forward slash

I'll write this is a

multi- line

comment this won't output either

we don't see either of these

comments this is specific for intellig

but you can change the console font and

the colors I kind of find this hard to

read to do that we're going to go to the

top menu under file go to

settings under color scheme go to

console font here you can change the

font if you would like or the colors

I'll change the colors I'll make the

output bright green so it's easier to

read I'll go to console

standard output and select a new color

I'll select something

green apply and I think that looks

pretty good it's more readable that way

I'll also change the system output

too I'll make it kind of gray out that's

pretty

good yeah and there's our output I like

pizza it's really good buy me

pizza now a shortcut to type system. out

at print line if you're using intellig

is to type s o u t then hit tab that's

going to autogenerate a print line

statement for you I didn't realize this

trick until a little bit later so you

don't always need to type out this

statement you can just autogenerate it

all right everybody and that is your

first Java program your homework in the

comment section is to post three print

line statements maybe type A poem or

some song lyrics or something and well

everybody that is your first Java

program

all right everybody so we are moving on

to variables in Java probably back in

elementary school or middle school you

learned about variables in algebra a

variable was a representation of a

number well in programming we have

variables too a variable is a reusable

container for a value a variable behaves

as if it was the value it contains but

variables can contain more than just

numbers they can contain characters and

even entire words there's different data

types a whole number would be an integer

a number that includes a decimal would

be a double there's two categories of

variables we'll discuss primitive and

reference primitive variables are simple

values like numbers they're stored

directly in memory usually in a location

known as the stack reference variables

actually hold memory addresses on the

stack they point to a location in a

different area known as the Heap think

of it this way if I give you a primitive

variable that would be the same as me

handing you

$10 but if I give you a reference

variable a memory address that would be

the same as me giving you an IOU that

says I owe you $10 but the actual money

I owe you is at the bank that might be a

beginner's way of thinking of the

difference between a primitive and

reference data type primitive I'm giving

you $10 a reference data type I'm giving

you an IOU that I owe you $10 we'll

discuss the different data types we'll

begin with integers an INT short for

integer is a primitive data type I'll

show you how we can create an integer

variable in Java there's two steps to

creating a variable the first is

declaration the second is assignment

let's say we would like to create a

variable that stores a whole number an

integer with the first step of

Declaration we're going to first type

the data type of what we would like to

store exactly so for integers we will

type int then we should think of a

unique variable name we don't want to

say X or something similar that would

make sense in basic algebra but in

programming you want your variables to

be descriptive like shut up in

programming you want your variables to

be descriptive so let's say we are

working with let's say in age end this

line with a semicolon so this is

declaration step one we are creating a

variable named age if I was to print my

variable of age

system.out.print

line let's print age and see what it

is variable age might not have been

initialized we're using a variable but

we've never given it a value we've never

completed step two of

assignment so we can set age equal to a

value so on my YouTube channel the

average age of my viewers is

approximately 21 or so so let's set age

to be 21 and then we'll print

it so that outputs 21 if I were to

change this to

30 then my variable age would behave as

if it was the number 30 so those are

integers they're whole numbers let's say

that I'm

30.5 let's see what happens exactly you

can see that intellig is already giving

us a warning that we're working with a

different data type known as doubles so

if I were to run this we get an error

message we have incompatible types from

double to in if we declare a variable as

an integer they can only store whole

integers let's think of a few more

examples another example of an integer

could be a year so let's say the year is

2025

then we'll print our

year

2025 or maybe a quantity int

quantity equals

1 then we'll print our

quantity one so in working with

quantities they're whole numbers usually

right we wouldn't have let's say half a

product 1.5 I would like 1.5 Nintendo

switches that wouldn't make sense right

they would would be whole numbers like

one or

two now you can output a variable with a

string of text as

well let's say the year

is then I'll add plus a variable year

make sure that the variable is not

within

quotes So currently this says the year

is

2025 you do have to pay attention to the

spacing so after the word is I'm going

to add a space to separate is and the

variable

year the year is

2025 now if our variable was within

quotes we would literally be printing

the word year the year is year so don't

do that unless it's

intentional let's go on to the next data

type the next data type is double double

is a number but it can contain a decimal

portion unlike int ins are whole

numbers so this time we will create a

variable type of double what are some

examples of a variable that could be a

double let's say a price there could be

dollars and cents

$19.99 or perhaps a GPA a grade point

average double GPA equal

3.5 or a temperature

double temperature

equals

12.5 all right let's output some of

these let's do

Price

system.out.print

Line let's output the

price

19.99 let's add a unit of currency I'll

pick American dollars

so Dollar Sign Plus price

$19.99 if you were to assign a variable

that's a double data type but store an

integer here's what would

happen we would just add 0 Z to the end

it's still a double so those are doubles

they're numbers that can contain a

decimal portion unlike

integers okay then the next data type we

have is charart

meaning character Char pronounced like

the word

Charizard so with chars what are a few

examples of single characters we could

use let's say a grade like a letter

grade with chars characters we enclose

them within single quotes let's say we

have the letter A that's the grade we

got on the last test or

something or maybe a symbol

maybe I'll put an exclamation point or

something or currency Char currency

equals pick a unit of currency I'll pick

dollars okay then let's output some of

these

system.out.print

line let's print our

grade which is an

A or our symbol

an exclamation point or our

currency which is American

dollars so then we have something called

booleans booleans are either true or

false we will declare this variable as a

Boolean let's check to see if somebody

is a student our variable name will be

is student and this equals true or false

so if I am a student I would say true

now a common naming convention in Java

is called camel case naming convention

if your variable name takes up two words

such as is and student when you combine

them the first letter of the first word

should be lowercase then any word after

the first letter is going to be

uppercase so is student and I will set

that to be true maybe something is for

sale or not Boolean for sale equals

false it's not for sale is somebody

online Boolean is online now I will set

that to be true these are a few examples

of Boolean

variables now you could output them

directly using system.out.print line

Let's test it system.out.print line

let's output is student

are we a student that is true is

something for sale for

sale that is false now with Boolean

variables we don't typically output them

directly to the console we tend to use

them more internally within a

program one place in which you might see

them is with the use of if statements

and this is a future topic we'll revisit

it later but I want to demonstrate the

usefulness of booleans so this is an if

statement we can check some condition

parenthesis then curly

braces if our condition is true if is

student double equals true but we could

simplify this

to if is student if this variable

contains true which it does we can

execute some code

system.out.print

line we will print the following

you are a

student if this Boolean variable

contains true we will print the

following you are a

student or we could add else an else

Clause else let's

print you are not a

student So currently we're still a

student but if this Boolean variable

contained a value of false we would

perform form the else

statement you are not a student so we'll

cover if statements in a future topic

you don't necessarily need to know how

these work right now but that's one of

the uses of booleans they can only

contain true or

false these are a few of the basic

primitive data types for beginners int

for integers they contain whole numbers

doubles are numbers but they can contain

a decimal chars meaning characters are

single characters and booleans which are

either true or false these are a few of

the beginner primitive data types but

there's still a lot more than this

there's floats there's long doubles all

sorts of different data types but you

don't need to know those as a beginner I

would just stick to these four for now

so then we have the reference data types

A few of which include strings arrays

and objects in this topic we're only

going to discuss strings a series of

characters phas and objects are really

complex we'll revisit these later so

we're going to create a string a series

of

characters so the data type is going to

be string an example of a series of

characters could be a name what's your

name with strings we enclose them within

double quotes chars single characters

are single quotes it's really easy to

mix the two up you might do it a few

times as a beginner so type in your name

in including a space I'll use my YouTube

channel

name and then we will output our name

system.out.print Line Print your

name and your first and last name should

appear now we could use this variable of

name within another string this is known

as string

concatenation so let's

say

hello plus our name

hello bro code or whatever your name is

what are a few other examples of strings

we could

write let's add string food

equals again within a set of double

quotes add your favorite food mine is

pizza then let's type again

system.out.print

line your favorite food is

plus the variable

food your favorite food is

pizza what about an email string email

equals make up an email fake1

[email protected]

strings they can contain numbers but we

treat them more as characters rather

than actual numbers that we can use for

any sort of math or

arithmetic so let's print our email your

email

is plus

email your email is fake1 [email protected]

or what about a

car string

car think of a car that you like I will

pick a Mustang that's another example of

a string or a color

string color equals

red so strings are a series of

characters they have a reference data

type you may have also noticed that the

font color of strings is different from

the primitive data types too of booleans

chars doubles and Ins at least within my

workspace the font color is orange and

with strings the font color of these

data types is white now we're going to

cover a few exercises

so let's start with our name

system.out.print line we will print

hello plus our name variable it's a

string hello your first and last

name let's print our age

system.out.print

line u

r we're going to insert our variable age

then add another string another string

literal you are age years old again do

pay attention to the

spacing you are 30 years

old let's use my

GPA that's a

double system.out.print

line your GPA

is then we will insert our GPA

your GPA is

3.5 okay let's use our Char of

grade

system.out.print

line your average letter

grade

is our variable

grade your average letter grade is is a

now within a single print line statement

we're going to combine multiple

variables let's say we're going to

Output our

color a

year and our

car all within one print statement

system.out.print

line let's say we're choosing a car your

choice is a We'll add our color variable

plus the

year plus our car let's see what happens

exactly if we attempt

this so we've combined all three

variables red 2025 and our car of

Mustang so we're going to add some space

characters between each to separate them

so plus a space character add that after

the

color after the

year we'll add a space between color and

year and year and

car so your choice is a red 2025

Mustang let's display the

currency and a

price

system.out.print

line the price

is plus currency

I picked American

dollars plus

price the price is

$9.99 uh for a car let's up that that's

way too cheap that's too good to be true

let's say

$9,999

99 that's more

realistic now we're going to use this

Boolean variable of for

sale if

for sale if this is true then we're

going to

print there

is

a plus

Car Plus the text of for

sale else we will print something else

I'll just copy this

let's

say

the plus Car Plus is not for sale for

sale

currently that's set to false the

Mustang is not for sale but if this were

true there is a Mustang for sale for

sale is set to true all right everybody

so those are variables in Java a

variable is a reusable container for a

value a variable behaves as if it was

the value that it contains there's two

different categories of variables

primitive and reference primitive data

types are simple values like integers

floats single characters and

booleans they're stored directly in

memory usually in a location known as

the stack reference variables such as

strings which are a series of characters

like your name or an email they're more

complicated we store a memory address

that points to a location in the Heap

and your homework assignment is in the

comment section post five variables a

string an integer a double A Char and a

Boolean and if you don't do your

homework you're going to make me sad and

well everybody that is an introduction

to variables in

Java hello again friends so today I'm

going to show you how we can accept user

input in Java we will need the help of

what is called a scanner a scanner is an

object that allows us to accept user

input in Java however in order to use a

scanner we actually need to import it

from the certain package called

utilities or util at the top of our Java

file we're going to write the following

statement import Java do

util this is a package do scanner

scanner is a class so make sure you have

this import at the top before we get

started to sum up programming we

typically accept input process it then

produce output so that's why accepting

user input is important we would like to

do something with the input so to accept

user input we're going to create a

scanner object so type this scanner

that's the name of the class

class scanner that's going to be the

name of the object we'll be working with

do pay attention to the

capitalization our scanner object is all

lowercase characters whereas in the

first scanner has an uppercase

s scanner scanner equals new scanner add

a set of parenthesis then a semicolon

within the set of parentheses we're

going to type

system.in our scanner object can read

user input however it is good practice

if you create a scanner object at the

end of your program when you're done

we're going to take our scanner object

and use the close

method so scanner. close parenthesis

semicolon if you don't close your

scanner it can lead to unexpected

behavior for example let's say that we

read a file well after we're done

reading the file we'll want to close the

file when we open something we typically

want to close

it we're going to create a prompt within

our console that says enter your name

then a user will be able to type in

their name we'll need a user prompt to

work with so let's say system.out.print

Line enter your

name after receiving this prompt a user

is going to be able to type in their

name we're going to use our scanner

object scanner

next line parentheses semicolon so a

user is going to be able to type in a

string of text so let's type in our full

name then hit

enter however with this user input we're

not doing anything with it so let's

assign it to a

variable so with our line of scanner.

next line we will declare a variable and

assign it string name equals scanner.

nextline we have declaration and

assignment those two

steps and then once we have our name

let's output it system.out.print line

let's say hello plus

name so enter your name type in your

full name hit enter and the output

should be hello whatever your first and

last name is now if you prefer we can

put the input on the same line as the

prompt we're going to use print instead

of print Line Print line will add a new

line character to the

end so let's stick with

print so the input will be on the same

line as the prompt if you prefer it that

way so the next line method of our

scanner object it reads A String of

characters including any spaces if you

don't want any spaces you can use next

so if I were to type in my full name

with the first and last name separated

with the

space we only get the first name next

doesn't read any

spaces so use what you would prefer I

typically just use next

line to read an integer there's a

different method called Next int this

time let's create a prompt of enter your

age I'll use print instead of print line

we will assign a variable of age int age

equals use our scanner

object use the built-in next int

method then once we have our integer of

age let's output it system.out.print

line u

r plus our variable age plus years old

enter your name type in your name enter

your age oops I'm going to add a colon

and a space after my prompt just because

I think it'll look

better okay enter your full

name enter your age hello your name you

are whatever your age is years old so

that's how to accept an integer if you

were to type in a floating point number

or a double anything that includes a

decimal now check this out our variable

of age should be an integer if we type

in something that contains a decimal

like a floating Point number or a double

let's say that I'm

25.9 well we get an error here it says

we have an error at line 12 where we

accept an integer so if you need a

double there's a next Double method of

scanners so this time let's ask for a

GPA what is your GPA your grade point

average we will assign a variable that's

going to be of the double data type

double GPA equals again use our

scanner use the next Double

method and then let's output

it system.out.print

line your GPA is plus our variable

GPA so again let's go through the

prompts type in your name type in your

age what is your GPA uh let's use print

instead of print

Line enter your name enter your age what

is your GPA let's say my GPA is 2.1 I'm

just barely passing hey C get degrees

right your GPA is the GPA variable so

that's how to accept the double use the

next Double method of scanners now for

some reason if you need a Boolean

booleans are either true or false here's

how we can accept

that system.out.print line let's ask are

you a

student then I'll add a prompt for

true or false so the US user knows to

type in one of these instead of yes or

no so we will create a Boolean variable

of is student equals use our scanner

object use the next Boolean

method and then let's output

it system.out.print

line let's say student colon space plus

is student I think an if statement would

be better we'll cover that in a

moment again go through the prompts type

in your name type in your age type in a

GPA are you a student true or false

let's say that's true student

true and again I'm going to use print

instead of print

line not necessary but I think it looks

better let's use an if statement instead

when checking is student is true or not

so if is student again if statements

will be a future lesson we'll cover

pretty soon if is student if that's true

then we will

print let's print you are

enrolled as a

student else we will print something

else if that's not true if it's false

you

are

not enrolled

okay enter your name enter your age

enter a GPA are you a student let's say

that it's

false okay we have our name our age our

GPA and then we're outputting you are

not enrolled you are not enrolled in

classes because we said

false now if we put true

well then we get the output you are

enrolled as a student that's how to

accept user input of different data

types A few of which include strings

integers doubles and

booleans now there's one common issue

when accepting an integer or double than

accepting a string let me

demonstrate so we have our scanner

let's say we ask for a user's

age enter your

age and I'll make this a print statement

instead of print

line int age equals use our scanner use

the next int

method and then let's ask what the

user's favorite color is enter your

favorite

color we will store that within a

variable named color and it's going to

be of the string data type string color

equals use our scanner object use the in

next line

method then we'll output the

following system.out.print line you are

Plus

Age years

old as well

as you like the

color plus our variable color

here's what

happens enter your age 25 hit

enter enter your favorite color you are

25 years old you like the color so

what's going on here exactly so when we

type in a number for example 25 then hit

enter within the input buffer there's

still a new line character because we

hit enter

so the next line method is picking up

that new line character and using that

as the

input so we need to get rid of that new

line character this is a common problem

that you might see in Java if you accept

an integer or a double then accept a

string of text so one way in which we

can clear the input buffer to get rid of

that new line character is after

accepting an integer or a double we can

use our scanner and call the next line

method but don't assign it to anything

that should get rid of that new line

character in the input buffer if that

problem comes up so let's try this again

enter an age enter a color you are 25

years old you like the color red so if

you encounter that problem I would just

call the next line method of your

scanner object to clear the input buffer

now we're going to cover an

exercise in this exercise we're going to

calculate the area of a rectangle

what I like to do when creating a

project is declare all of my variables

at the top again make sure that you're

importing the scanner class I will

create a double variable of width I'll

set that to be

zero and a double variable of height

also

zero and double

area I will set that to be

zero we're going to accept some user

input

and reassign width and

height so we need a scanner object to

accept user input scanner scanner equals

new scanner parentheses semicolon within

the parenthesis we will type

system.in and again since we're opening

a scanner it's good practice to close it

I sometimes forget to do that scanner.

close we'll create a prompt to tell the

user to enter in a width we can use

system.out.print line or print for

prompts I like to use

print enter the

width we will take our width we've

already declared our width once we don't

need to type the data type again we can

reuse it width equals use our scanner

object use the an next Double method

because we're accepting a double a width

let's do this with height I'll just copy

these two lines then change width to

height all right let's test it

currently let's make up some numbers 3.1

and

4.2 all right once we have the width and

the height we have to calculate the area

so we're going to take our area variable

equals

our width times our

height and then let's output

it system.out.print line the area

is plus our variable

area so let's say 3.2 and

4.3 the area is

after area We'll add centimeters you

could do centimet squared if you prefer

or you could even add a superscript of

two so if you're on Windows make sure

num lock is on hold alt then type 0178

on the

numpad if you would like a superscript

of two you know because we're working

with

areas so let's say

5.3 and

6.4 the area is is

we're going to create a game of Mad Libs

Mad Libs is a game where you have a

story and a user fills in different

words the result is that it gives you a

story that's really silly or doesn't

necessarily make sense at times but

that's what we'll be doing in this video

it will help us practice accepting user

input since we're accepting user input

we'll need to import the scanner class

at the top of our Java file import

java.util.scanner

a scanner is going to help us accept

user input we'll declare that and assign

it scanner scanner equals new scanner

parenthesis

semicolon then within the parenthesis we

will type

system.in when writing a program I like

to declare all of my variables first all

these variables are going to be of the

string data type we will need an

adjective you're going to get an English

lesson today

too adjective one an adjective describes

something like Fast slow cheap

expensive we'll need a noun string noun

one a noun is a person place or thing

we'll need another

adjective adjective

two we'll need a verb a verb is an

action like sleeping or running verb one

then another adjective a again an

adjective describe something all right

so let's work on our

story we'll have four

lines so for the first line we'll say

today I went to

a we'll insert an adjective adjective

one we're going to describe a zoo that

we went to

we haven't asked for user input yet

we're getting a warning that this

variable has not been initialized that's

okay we'll take care of that

soon so today I went to a a description

an adjective

zoo in an

exhibit I saw

a plus a noun a noun is a person place

or thing like a gorilla or

harambe then we'll add some punctuation

a

period we'll say noun

one

was plus adjective

two

and our verb verb one then add some

punctuation

so we could say that harambe was big and

sleeping so a verb is an

action I

was plus adjective

three then add some

punctuation all right now we just need

to accept user input so let's do that

after assigning the variables we'll need

five print

statements we will prompt the user to

enter an

adjective enter an adjective I'll give a

hint that an adjective is a

description we're describing

something enter a

noun enter a

noun I'll give a hint that we are

looking for

a animal or

person we'll need another adjective we

can just copy this

line then we need a

verb enter a verb and we want it in

present tense so ending with ing like

running I'll give a hint that a verb is

an

action and then another

adjective all right now we just need to

assign these variables we've already

declared

them adjective one equals take our

scanner use the next line

method and really we can just copy this

line paste it and then change what we're

assigning it to

we're accepting strings for each of

these lines we have adjective one noun

one adjective

2 verb one and adjective

3 all right now the last thing that I'm

forgetting since we opened up a scanner

it is good practice to close it at the

end of our file if we don't it can lead

to unexpected Behavior if we leave any

open

resources scanner. close all right we

are ready to run this

I'm going to prefix a new line character

before displaying our

story just so that it's not so close to

the prompts when outputting

it enter an adjective a

description I'm going to say

suspicious enter a noun so I like making

fun of Mark Zuckerberg I'm going to

write the name of a person Mark

Zuckerberg enter an adjective

smelly enter a verb ending with

ing

screaming enter an adjective

happy and here's our Mad Libs game today

I went to a suspicious zoo in an exhibit

I saw a Mark

Zuckerberg Mark Zuckerberg was smelly

and screaming I was happy so for your

Mad Libs game post your results in the

comment section because I would like to

read them I want to see what you you

guys wrote or if you wrote a different

story post that too and well everybody

that is a simple Mad Libs game that we

can write using

Java all right everybody so we got a

really important topic to discuss today

although I can be a little dry and that

is the use of different arithmetic

operators in Java when it comes to

programming you got to math sometimes

it's a pretty important topic so let's

start with some basic addition in this

demonstration we will have three

variables X will equal 10 y will equal 2

and Z will store the result we'll

declare it but not yet assign it so for

basic addition we'll store our result

within z z equals X for addition you can

use the plus sign

Y what is 10 + 2 then we'll display

it we're storing the result within

Z which gives us 12

then we have

subtraction z = x -

y 10 - 2 is

8

multiplication for multiplication we're

going to use an asterisk 10 *

2 is

20 for division we use a forward slash z

= x / y 10 /

2 is

5 there's also the modulus operator

which is a percent sign that would give

you the remainder of any

division Z is going to store the

remainder this time x modulus y so

modulus is a percent sign 10 divides by

two evenly so the remainder is going to

be

zero but if we divided 10 by three that

doesn't divide evenly

10 modulus 3 gives us a remainder of one

the modulus operator is really useful if

you need to determine if a number is

even or not or when working with time

you need to see if something is

divisible by 60 seconds or 60

minutes we'll get more into that later

but you should at least know what the

modulus operator

is now we have something called

augmented assignment operators instead

of storing the result within Z this time

we're going to reassign the result to

variable X so let's say we would like to

add 10 and 3 together but store it

within X well we could say x = x + y

this would technically

work so 10 + 3 is 13 but there is a

shortcut though that we could use and

that is by using augmented assignment

operators we'll condense some of these

steps instead of saying x = x + y we

simply say x + = y and that does the

same

thing 10 + 3 is

13 there's also

subtraction x = X -

y 10 - 3 is 7 but we could condense it

to be x - equal

y that gives us

7 or multiplication x = x * y 10 * 3 is

30 but we can condense it to be x * =

y that is also

30 for division x = x /

y that gives us three now one thing to

pay attention to with division all right

so 10 / 3 should be 3.33 repeating right

well we're using something called

integer division we're not able to store

the decimal portion because we're

working with whole integers so that's

something to pay attention to when

you're using integer Division if we were

working with

doubles then we would retain that

decimal portion so do pay attention to

that we'll discuss that in another video

when it comes to typ casting for the

augmented assignment version that would

be x / = Y and let's change that to be 2

so 10 / 2 is

5 then we have the modulus operator x =

x modulus y 10 divides by 2

evenly X will be zero the augmented

assignment version of this would be X

modulus equals

y and that would also be 0o but if y

were

three then that would be one now we have

increment and decrement operators you

see this a lot with looping structures

let's say that x equal 1 this time

instead of saying x = x + 1 which would

give us 2 or even the augmented

assignment inversion which would be X+ =

1 well there's even a shortcut for this

if we're only incrementing by one and

that is

x++ we're incrementing X by

one you tend to see this in a lot of

looping structures but that's a topic

for another day each time I increment X

by

1 it's going to be retained so now x = 3

x ++ again well now X is

4 now there's also the decrement

operator x = X - one of course that's

going to be zero this

time so to decrement you can use x -

minus so now X is zero let's do it again

X

-- now X is -1 x

-- X is

-2 so those are the increment and

decrement operators you'll see these

again when we reach the topic on Loops

the last thing I need to discuss today

is the order of operations and there's

an acronym PEMDAS it's parentheses

exponents multiplication division

addition then subtraction in that order

you may hear the phrase to remember this

please excuse my dear Aunt Sally but I

like the phrase please excuse my dope

ass swag that's my version that I like

to use let's say we have the equation

double result equals 3 + 4 time

parentheses 7 - 5 divided by

2.0 I'm dividing by 2.0 because right

now we're using integer division which

we previously talked about so I'm going

to use 2.0 so we retain that decimal

portion again that's a topic for another

day let's display the

result so I don't know what the result

is but it is 7

7.0 in what order do we solve this

equation exactly well we can use that

acronym of pendos

from the left to the right we solve

anything within parentheses first so

going from the left to the right we skip

over any addition multiplication we're

looking for parentheses which we have

right here if you enclose part of an

equation within parentheses you would

solve that first 7 - 5 is 2 there's no

more

parentheses then we check any exponents

there are no

exponents

multiplication well we have

multiplication right here we would solve

that next 4 * 2 is 8 there's no more

multiplication then we have

division we have 8 / 2 which gives us

4 then any addition 3 + 4 is 7 and that

was our original result and then you

would do any subtraction last so that is

the order of operations when it comes to

arithmetic operators all right everybody

so that is some basic arithmetic and

different operators you can use in

Java hey everybody so in this video

we're going to create a shopping cart

program a user is going to be able to

type in an item set a price for each and

then ask for a quantity the output is

that it's going to give you a total

based on the price and how much you're

buying this would be a good exercise for

us to get us more comfortable with

accepting user input all right let's get

started everybody we'll need the help of

a scanner the scanner allows us to

accept user input we'll need to import

that at the at the top so be sure that

you have this line of code import

java.util.scanner

we'll create a scanner object scanner

scanner equals new scanner parentheses

semicolon type

system.in then if we open a scanner it's

good practice to close it when we're

done with it scanner. close if you leave

resources open it can lead to unexpected

behavior when creating a project I like

to declare all of my variables at the

top let's say we have an item name that

data type is going to be a string string

item what are we buying

exactly we need a price that would be a

double because there might be dollars

and cents a quantity how many of

something are we buying int quantity

pick a unit of currency this could be a

character char

currency I'm going to initialize this

right away American

dollars and then a total we're going to

multiply the price by the quantity to

give a

total double total now if you would like

you can initialize some of these right

away and assign them for example let's

say we are at a pizza

restaurant I could set the item to be

pizza right

away or within this program we could

fill it in then let's create some

prompts I'll use

system.out.print what item would you

like to

buy then let's accept user input we're

going to assign our string of item equal

to use our scanner object and use the in

next line

method then let's just print it to

verify that it's working

what item would you like to buy maybe

this time I am buying a hamburger that

will output hamburger we know that we

can get user input so let's delete this

line I was just testing it let's ask for

a

price you could set an initial

price if you would

like or we could ask for one depending

on how you want to write this

program so let's system. about the

print what is the price for

each if we're working with a price a

double we'll use the next Double method

we're going to assign our price equal to

use our scanner. next

Double and then let's test it by

outputting the

price okay let's say I'm buying a pizza

this time what is the price for each

$4.99 and that outputs

$4.99 so it is a good idea every once in

a while to test your code just to be

sure that it all works as you go

along then we'll need a

quantity let's ask how many would you

like we will assign our quantity

variable

equals

scanner. next int since we're working

with whole numbers this

time then let's test our quantity to see

if it

works I don't know maybe I'm buying a

hot dog this time what is the price per

each

$4.99 how many would you like I would

like 12 hot dogs

12 and I'm just going to make sure I'm

using print instead of print line just

because I think it looks better

now we'll create a total we don't need

user input for that we're going to use

the variables that we've already had

after assigning them total equals the

price times the

quantity and then I will just test the

total maybe I'm buying a pizza or

pizzas each is $4.99

and I buying three of

them

44.97 instead let's output the

following I'm going to use a new line

character just to separate our output

from the

prompts you have

bought plus our variable of

quantity plus a space character plus our

variable

item but it might be more than one so

let's say/ s it might be pizza or

pizzas then we will display the price

including the unit of

currency your total

is I'll add our unit of currency it's a

character I picked American dollars but

pick whatever you would like plus our

total

that we have

calculated all right let's see the

result what item would you like to buy I

would like to buy a pizza what is the

price for each

$4.99 how many would you like I would

like eight pizzas maybe it's for a party

you have bought eight pizzas your total

is

$19.92 all right everybody so that is a

shopping cart program that you can write

as an exercise using

Java hello everybody today we're going

to discuss if statements in Java an if

statement performs a block of code if

its condition is true we've discussed

how Boolean variables can be used within

if statements we may be a little

familiar with them already in this

demonstration we will have a variable of

age set it equal to be some

age age will be an integer I would like

to check if my variable of age is

greater than or equal to 18 if so we can

print a message that you are an adult to

write an if statement will type if

parentheses curly braces within the set

of curly braces we can check a condition

to see if it's true so let's check to

see if age is greater than or equal to

18 if that's true we'll print the

following you are an

adult that would result in US outputting

you are an

adult now if this condition was false if

it's not true let's say that my age is

12 well then we skip over the if

statement we check if this condition is

true if it is we perform this code if

not we skip it alternatively we could

add an else clause

this would be another statement we would

add else if this is false then do

something else so let's output the

following you are a

child since the age is 12 we would

output you are a

child there's also an else if Clause so

we have one of two

possibilities do this or do that now we

could add something called else if

Clause let's check else

if age is less than

zero if this statement is

true then let's say you haven't been

born

yet now we're doing one of three

things but it all depends on these

conditions our else Clause is kind of

like the default if none of the above

conditions are

true so let's test this my age variable

is set to

19 this would display you are an

adult if my age variable was -1 we would

display you haven't been born

yet this statement was false so we go

down to the next

one this is true NE 1 is less than zero

so we do

this or if I was 10

well then these top two conditions are

both false so we do whatever is within

the lse

statement you can add as many else if

Clauses as you would

like so here's another

one else

if our variable age is equal to zero

exactly double equals is the comparison

operator we're checking if a variable or

a value is equal to another value or

variable you don't want to use single

equals because that's the assignment

operator Java thinks we're trying to

assign a variable when making a

comparison you use double

equals is our variable age equal to

zero then we'll print something else

okay we're going to print you are a

baby I will set variable H to be zero

you are a baby because our variable age

is equal to zero

exactly let's add another L

statement there's something I want to

demonstrate let's check to

see if age is greater than or equal to

65 then we will print you are a

senior I'll set age to be 70

here's the

result you are an adult so why did we

print this statement rather than this

one well with these if statements we

check them from the top down this

condition is technically true as well as

this one 70 is greater than or equal to

18 so we execute this code and skip over

the rest even though this one is also

true you do have to pay attention to the

positioning of your if and else if

statements in this situation it would be

better if we were to check to see if

somebody's age was greater than or equal

to 65 first so let's turn this into the

if

statement and then where we check if age

is greater than or equal to 18 we will

use an else if Clause instead now this

should

work you are a

senior but if the age was 50

well then you are an adult now we're

going to modify this program

slightly this time we will ask for user

input we'll need the help of a scanner

at the top of our Java file we're going

to import

java.util dothe class of

scanner we'll need to create a scanner

object scanner scanner equals new

scanner within the set of parentheses

type system.in

then when we open a scanner it is a good

idea to close it when we're done with

it just so we don't leave any resources

open with our variable of age we're

going to create a prompt to have a user

enter in their age I'm going to declare

a variable of age but we'll assign it

later let's create a

prompt enter your

age I'll use print instead of print

line and then we will assign age equal

to scanner. next

int okay let's try this

again and to your age let's say that I'm

21 you are an

adult what if I was 99 you are a

senior I am negative 1 years old you

haven't been born

yet I am zero exactly you are a

baby or maybe I'm 10 you are a

child so with if statements we check a

condition if it's true we do it we do

this code if not we don't otherwise we

can check another condition with else if

and if none of these conditions are true

we can perform whatever is within an

else statement else acts like the

default code if none of the above

conditions are true now this time we're

going to work with strings

we're going to create a variable of name

and it's going to be a string we'll

declare it but not yet assign

it we will prompt the user to enter in

their name I will use print instead of

print

Line enter your

name we will assign our variable of name

equal to scanner. next line to get a

line of text

this group of if else if and else

statements let's set this to be group

two we're going to create another

set this will be group one for the

name when somebody enters in their name

they could skip the prompt like this

enter your name I'm just going to hit

enter to skip

it we will check if our name variable is

empty here's how

if we'll check if our name is empty

there's a string method for this we

haven't discussed string Methods yet

instead of saying name is equal to an

empty space there is a built-in method

of strings and that is to take our

variable name dot is

empty this is another way to check to

see if a string is empty this will be

our condition is empty will give you a

Boolean of true or false

so let's print the following if our name

variable is

empty let's say you didn't enter your

name else if our name is not empty that

means somebody typed in their name let's

say hello plus name and I'll add an

exclamation

point okay let's try this

again enter your name if I hit enter

we'll perform then whatever is within

the if statement then enter an age you

didn't enter your name you are an adult

this time let's type in our name our

first

name hello whatever your name is you are

an

adult this time we have two groups of if

else statements group one is for the

name group two is for the user's age

this time let's create a

Boolean Boolean is

student then we'll create a

prompt let's ask are you a student but

we need a value of true or

false cuz booleans can only be true or

false

normally is student equals use our

scanner to get some user input next

Boolean now we'll create another group

of if and lse if

statements group

three we need an if

statement so with booleans we could say

is student is equal to true but there is

a way to simplify this a

shortcut you can just say is student it

holds a direct value of true or false we

don't necessarily need to write like a

whole condition

so if we're a student we'll

output you are a

student else if a student is

false then we'll output you are not a

student we have three groups of if else

statements group three is for is

student group two is for the

age group one is for the

name just to make this more fun I'm

going to add some emojis I think it

would make it more interesting but you

don't have to so if somebody doesn't

enter their name I'm going to add a

pouting

face if somebody enters their name I

will add a smiley

face if somebody is a senior maybe we

can find an emoji for a

grandpa let's find one for an

adult you haven't been born yet uh we

could do like a spirit or

something you are a

baby you are a

child you are a student we could do a

school you are not a student we could do

an

office all right so this is our final

program

again we have three groups of if

statements this time one for the name

one for the age and one for is student

and then for the prompt for are you a

student I'm going to use print instead

of print

line here's the result enter your name

enter your age are you a

student hello your name you are an adult

you are not a student

let's try some of the other statements

I'm not going to enter a name for the

age let's say that I'm

ne1 are you a student

true you didn't enter your name you

haven't been born yet you are a

student so those are if statements

everybody they perform a block of code

if its condition is true check a

condition if it's true do this if not

you can do something else and well

everybody that summar mizes if

statements in

Java hey everybody in this video I'm

going to show you how we can work with

the random class and generate some

random numbers let's begin to work with

random numbers we'll need to import the

random class at the top of our Java file

we will import java. u.

random much like what we do with the

scanner class we're going to follow a

similar pattern for creating a random

object much like a scanner object we

will type the name of the class random

the name of the random object random

equals new

random so random random equals new

random let's say we have an integer an

integer variable of number I'm going to

assign our number variable equal to and

here's where we'll generate a random

number we will take our random object

then we will use the next int method

this will generate a random number

however there's one issue with this I'm

going to print our

number the number is going to be very

large so the random number that's

generated it's going to be within a

range between just about -2 billion and

positive2 billion I'm guessing you don't

want a number that big So within the

next integer method we can set some

bounds if I would like a random number

between 1 and six like I'm rolling a

dice or die I would say 1 comma 6 this

is actually going to give us a random

number between 1 and

five the first number is inclusive the

second number is exclusive no matter how

many times I rerolled this die I'm never

going to get

six since this number is exclusive I'm

going to inrease this to be seven that

will give us 1 through

six and there's six let's say this time

you would like three random numbers

you're rolling three dice let's say we

have number one number two and number

three all

integers we'll assign number one with a

random integer and we'll do this with

numbers two and three as well number one

number two number number

three then we will print them number one

number two number

three 2

46 23 4

225 good enough for random numbers

between 1 and 100 the second number is

going to be 101 because it's

exclusive so now we're generating three

random numbers between 1 and 100

not only can you generate random numbers

you can Generate random

doubles so let's set this back to be

number let's change the data type and

number to be

double we're going to use the next

Double method

this is going to generate a random

number between zero and

one just the decimal portion

really you can also generate a Boolean

this might be good in a situation where

you need to flip a coin let's say we

have a Boolean of is

heads when we flip a coin is it heads

random. nextext

Boolean then we will display if the coin

we flip is heads or not is it heads or

it's Tails that's true it is

heads now it's false it's

Tails we could even use an if

statement if is heads if our coin flip

is on

heads let's

print heads

else we will

print

Tails so this will simulate us flipping

a

coin we're getting a lot of

Tails all right everybody that is how

you can Generate random numbers and use

the random module in Java

hey everybody in this video we're going

to cover some useful math related

constants and methods that you may be

interested in as a beginner then at the

end of this topic we'll cover a few

exercises let's begin if at any time you

need the value of pi there's a built-in

constant of the math class so I'm going

to print the

following math with a capital M Pi all

capital so that would give you the value

3.14 and some change so instead of

creating a variable for pi it's always

available to you within the math class

you just have to access it there's also

E math. capital

E this is the exponential constant also

known as ul's number you may never use

this but it's available to you in case

you do so again access the math class

Dot to name the

constant this time let's create a double

variable named result here's a few

methods I'm going to reassign result

equal to access math dot to raise a base

to a given power you can use the pal

method let's raise 2 to the^ of 3 then

print

it let's print our variable result 2 ^

of 3 would be 8

and again I'm using a double that's why

we have the decimal portion 2^ of 4

would

be 16 2 the^ of

5 is

32 po meaning power you can raise a base

to a given power these can be values or

variables there's the absolute value

method math.abs for absolute value

what's the absolute value

of5 that would be five positive 5

basically speaking the absolute value

method gives you that number but

positive if it's negative think of it as

the distance away from zero if that

helps for square root there's a square

root method result equals

math.sqrt

what is the square root of 9 I did make

a spelling mistake here if you're

accessing the math class make sure it's

with a capital m so the square root of 9

would be

3 we can also round a

number again access the math class use

the round

method let's round

3.14 round will round a number to the

nearest whole

integer again we're working with the

double though so that gives us

3.0 to always round up there's the

ceiling

method math. c

l again I accidentally used lowercase M

it's capital M let's round 3.14 up to

the

ceiling so 3.14 rounded up is four to

always round down you can use the floor

method

math.

floor so this time let's round 3.99 down

normally it should round up

right so 3.99 rounded down is

three you can find the max between two

values or variables

math. Max method we'll have two numbers

which are comma separated 10 and 20 what

is the max between these two values or

variables

the greater number is 20 there's also

Min I'll just copy this cuz I'm lazy

replace Max with Min what is the minimum

value between these two

values that would be

10 so those are a few useful math

methods and constants that you may be

interested in we're going to cover some

math related exercises if you would like

additional practice

in this first exercise we're going to

find the hypotenuse of a right triangle

you can follow this formula C the

hypotenuse equals the square root of a^

2 one of the sides plus b^2 the other

side we're going to accept some user

input we'll need a scanner we need to

import the scanner class import

java.util do

scanner then we'll create a scanner

object scan scanner scanner equals new

scanner then place system.in within the

set of

parentheses then when we open a scanner

it is a good idea to close it so we

don't leave any resources open scanner.

close we'll prompt the user to enter in

the length of side A and B let's declare

those as variables double a double b

we'll also declare Double C that will

store the hypotenuse

Double

C we'll need two

prompts I will use print instead of

print

Line enter the length of side

a with inside a within our variable of a

we'll assign it to scanner. next

Double let's do this with side B we can

copy these two lines paste them replace

a with

B that is lowercase

b let's do a test run just to be sure

that these two work

temporarily I'm going to print a then

B enter the length as side a 3 B will be

four these work I just wanted to test

that it is a good idea to test your code

as you're writing it then we have to

follow this

equation C equals math. square root of

a^2 +

b^2 there is a square root method within

the math class but we have to raise side

a to the power of two plus b to the^ of

two here's how we can do that so within

the square root method we're going to

raise a to the power of two first math

po to raise a base to a given power

raise a comma to the power of

two plus again math.pow to raise a base

to a given power B to the power of

two and that's it so let's display

whatever C is the

hypotenuse

the

hypotenuse I'll write that this is C

side

C is the

following plus

C if side a is three side B is four side

C should be five which it is if you

would prefer we can add a unit of

measurement such as centimet or inches

so after side C add cm for centimet or I

for inches whatever you

prefer so let's try that again side a

will be four side B will be

five and side C is this really long

number we haven't talked about the print

F statement yet using print F you can

display a given amount of digits but we

do have centimeters at the end which is

what we were looking for so let's try

three and four and that gives us 5

cm all right let's cover another

exercise given the radius of a circle or

a sphere we'll return the circumference

the area then the volume that's if we're

working with the sphere given the radius

so be sure that we're importing our

scanner at the top and we'll create a

scanner object scanner scanner equals

new

scanner system.in then be sure to close

your

scanner scanner .

close we'll prompt the user for a

radius because we need a radius to work

with we'll create a variable it will be

a double named radius we'll declare it

but not yet assign

it we'll prompt the user using print

instead of print

Line enter the

radius then we will assign our radius

variable radius

equals scanner.

next

Double once we have a radius we have to

follow these formulas so we need a

circumference area and volume let's

declare those at the top of our program

but assign them later double

circumference I think I spelled that

right double

area double

volume we will calculate the

circumference

here's the

Formula 2 times we need pi to work with

instead of typing

3.14159 so on and so forth we can access

that from the math class

math.pi Pi is always available to

us then multiply this by the

radius let's perform a test

run I will display the circumference

the

circumference

is plus our variable of

circumference then I'll add a unit of

measurement afterwards centimeters is

good or whatever you

prefer enter the radius I'll enter in

five the circumference is 31.4 CM in the

future using print F we can limit the

amount of digits that are displayed I'll

show you how to do that later on in this

video then we need the

area area

equals here's the formula again we need

Pi Pi is always available to us math. pi

times our radius to the^ of two so we

need the power method of math

math.pow raise the radius to the power

of

two and I'll just copy this line because

I'm

lazy the area is our variable area now

when working with an area the unit of

measurement is going to be squared so we

can raise it to the power of two or you

can use superscript to if you're on

Windows make sure numlock is on hold alt

then on the numpad type

0178 for a superscript of two if you

would like to use that

instead so now what is the

area enter the radius 5

the area is 78.53982

doubles times math. pi and again make

sure the m is

capital times our radius to the^ of

3 math. power method raise our radius to

the power of

three then display the volume the volume

is our variable volume cm

cubed for a superscript of three make

sure numb lock is on hold alt then type

0179 that's if you're on

Windows all right let's print the

volume again my radius is

five then we have the

circumference the area and the

volume and the unit of measurement is

cenm cubed now we haven't talked about

the print F statement we could display

just a few digits here's

how again this is a future topic replace

print line with print

F instead of adding plus our variable

name we're going to add a

placeholder

percent F to display a double but if you

would like one digit between the percent

and F type .1 so let's do this with area

and

volume replace the plus with a

comma then instead of adding plus centim

after our

placeholder add

CM then cm

squar and cm

cubed then we can get rid of the portion

where we add the centimeters to the end

so let's say the radius is five then we

should add a new line character to the

end of each of

these that looks much

better we're only displaying one digit

after the decimal again don't worry

about this this is a future topic the

print F statement but if you would only

like to display one digit that's how you

can do that again we'll cover this later

all right everybody so those are a few

math related constants and methods that

you may be interested in as a

beginner what's up everybody in this

video I'm going to discuss the print F

statement in Java print f is a method

used to format output we already do have

a little bit of experience using print F

in the last few topics involving math

we'll get more in depth with the print F

stat in this topic print f is an

alternative to print and print line

wherever we would like to insert a

variable we can add a placeholder of a

percent sign then add one of a few

characters following it to format the

output in this demonstration let's

create a few variables let's create a

string of name I'll assign some name

I'll pick SpongeBob because many people

know who SpongeBob is we'll need a

character let's say character first

letter equals

s int age equals

30 and a double double

height equals

60.5 and a Boolean Boolean is

employed I will set that to be true

SpongeBob is employed at the K crusty

Krab so we have some variables they're

all different data types we can insert

them into print F statements when we

output string literal here's a

demonstration instead of using print

line I'm going to use print

F we will display the

following

hello then I would like to insert this

variable of name we're going to use a

percent sign as a

placeholder percent then we need a

specifier our character what is the data

type of the variable we're trying to

insert if you're trying to insert a

string you're going to use a lowercase

s so after this word of hello we're

adding a placeholder then inserting a

string at this location so instead of

adding plus the variable

name we're going to comma separate any

variables we're inserting so comma name

here's the

output hello our variable name which

contains

SpongeBob if we need to insert a

character that would be lower case C so

let's use

system.out.print

F I don't know let's say your name

starts with a we're going to insert a

variable we need a placeholder that

perent sign lower case C for a Char

variable then comma separate any

variables comma our variable of first

letter so here's an important thing too

with a print F statement we have to

manually insert any new line characters

we'll end each print F statement with a

new line

character so after our format specifier

We'll add back sln to insert a new

line that's better otherwise the output

is going to be all on the same

line so that's how to insert a character

percent C for

chars then for an integer we use

D so print

f u r we're going to insert a variable

we use D for

integers you are our variable age years

old than a new line character then we

will insert our variable

age you are 30 years old

and in the middle is our variable of

age for a double that would be

f

system.out.print

f you are add a placeholder f for

floating Point number think of that as a

double inches tall or you can pick

centimeters up to you

then we will insert our variable of

height you are

60.5 then a bunch of zeros inches tall

we can limit the amount of digits that

are displayed after the decimal we'll

have to set a Precision but I'll explain

that

later then a Boolean all we need is the

letter

b

system.out.print

f let's say

employed add a

placeholder B then a new line

character we will display our variable

of is

employed employed then our variable of

true now you can insert multiple

variables within the same line here's

how we'll use

system.out.print

f we're going to inst insert our

variable of name

SpongeBob for a string the specifier

character is going to be lowercase s for

a string so string SpongeBob

is we're inserting an integer we need

percent

D years old we'll comma separate all

variables we're inserting we have a

string followed by an integer so that

would be name comma age we're inserting

two variables of this time SpongeBob is

30 years

old so those are specifier characters

add a percent sign a placeholder then

follow this placeholder with a specifier

character depending on what the data

type is s for Strings C for

chars D for integers f for doubles or

other floating Point numbers and B for

booleans it might take a little bit of

time to remember

these now we'll cover Precision with

setting the Precision we can limit the

amount of digits that display after a

decimal let's create three different

prices and these will be of the double

data type price 1 equals

$9.99 price

two I'm just making up numbers here

10.15 and double price 3

equals 5

$41 we're going to use print F to

display these

prices

system.out.print F we're going to insert

we'll use that percent placeholder then

use f to display a double f for floating

Point

number comma our variable of price one

then we'll do this with price two and

price

three price one price two price three

and here are the prices oh and we have

to add a new line character too because

they're all in the same line I forgot to

do that so back sln back

sln back

sln that's better naturally when we're

using print F to display a floating

Point number such as a double normally

it displays six digits after the decimal

point but we would like to limit that

here's how we're going to set the

Precision

to display one digit after the decimal

between the percent sign and the F Type

.1 to display one

digit so we have

10.0 this will automatically round the

output so we have 10.0 100.2 and

54.0 for two digits that would be 02

999

10.15 and

54.1 or we could do

three

3F then we have three digits after the

decimal so that is precision it's useful

for displaying prices then we have Flags

next let's set the Precision to be 0.2

here's different flags that we can add

by adding a plus after the percent sign

we can output a plus for any positive

numbers positive 999 positive 10.15

54.1 is still

negative to display a plus before any

positive numbers just add a plus sign

let's increase these

prices let's add three zeros to the end

of

each if you add the flag of a comma it's

a comma grouping separator for any

thousand's place after the percent sign

add a

comma at any thousand's place we have a

comma grouping separator again this is

useful for displaying prices

by adding a single left parentheses any

negative numbers are enclosed in a set

of parentheses so let's revert these

prices

back after the percent sign add a left

parentheses so we only have one negative

price-

54.1 and then we have a space character

this will display a minus if negative

space space if positive we have two

positive numbers in one negative one so

by using a space

character any positive numbers are

preceded with a space 54.1 is negative

so we do not have that space it's good

for aligning

numbers the last specifier we have to

talk about is

width we're going to create some ID

numbers these will be integers int id1 =

1 int id2 =

23 in

ID3 equal

456 and int id4 equals

7890 these integers have a varying

number of digits 1 2 3 4 by setting the

width we can align them here's how again

we're going to use print F we're

displaying an integer so we need percent

D we will Begin by displaying

id1 then let's do this with 2 three and

four as

well 2 3

4 and again I am missing that new line

character new line new line

new

line new

line that's better so we have our four

IDs by adding a zero after the percent

sign we can zero pad some of these

values but Java is giving us a warning

by how many characters do we want to pad

these numbers with

zero let's say four we have one variable

that has four digits we'll set it to be

four to be the maximum so

04 and here we are these ID numbers are

all now zero

padded and they align vertically which

is kind of

nice so to add some zero padding follow

our placeholder with zero then the

amount of digits to Zer pad in this case

four by setting a positive number we can

WR justify these variables

so let's replace zero with just

four rather than having that zero

padding we just have some spaces if you

would prefer it that

way or with a negative number we can

left justify these

values so let's set four to be instead

-4 now these values are left Justified

and we still have those spaces

afterwards except for the last variable

because it's already four digits

all right everybody so that is the print

F statement it's a method used to format

output you add a placeholder then one of

a few characters afterwards there is

Flags width precision and specifier

characters depending on the data type of

what you want to display we'll have more

practice with this in the future and

well everybody that is print F in

Java hey everybody this video serves as

a project we're going to create a

compound interest calculator using Java

if you put money in a bank account or

the stock market using the given formula

we can determine what our final amount

is going to be plus interest after a

given amount of time this project serves

as an exercise using Java let's begin

all right let's get started everybody

the first thing we'll need is a scanner

we'll need to import it at the top of

our Java file import input

import

java.util.scanner

we need to create a scanner object again

scanner scanner equals new

scanner then within the set of

parentheses type

system.in when you open a scanner it is

good practice to close the scanner when

you're done with it so you don't leave

any resources

open after creating our scanner here the

different variables we'll need double

principal this will store the principal

amount what's our original investment an

interest rate double rate

an integer for times compounded how

often does our interest compound like

yearly quarterly

monthly then we need an amount of time

such as years into

years and the final amount

double

amount now we have to get some user

input we'll need some prompts first we

need the principal amount all use

system.out.print enter the principal I

never spell principal right enter the

principal

amount we are working with the double so

we need the next Double method of our

scanner principal equals our

scanner do next

Double then we need the interest rate

this is going to be a

double

system.out.print enter the interest

rate I'll add within our prompt that

this is in a percentage form like 5% or

so the number five instead of

05 so then we have our interest

rate so we need our scanner do next

double so let's say somebody types in

five for

5% we would like the rate to be 05

rather than 5 after accepting the user

input let's divide that number by 100 or

let's say somebody types in seven we

don't want the rate to be seven we want

it to be

07 that's why we're dividing by

100 we'll fill in the times compounded

variable we're going to use print

enter the number of

times

compounded per

year so this could be yearly that would

be one quarterly four or monthly would

be 12 in most cases it's probably going

to be one for yearly times

compounded equals use our

scanner

next int cuz we're accepting an

integer then we need the amount of times

our money is going to be

invested enter the number of

years then we need to assign our

variable years years equals

scanner. next int because we're working

with an integer then we need to

calculate the total amount here's the

formula

amount

equals we need our principal

amount times access the math class use

the power

method raay is 1 plus the interest

rate divided by the variable times

compounded so this is going to be the

base we Comm separate the base and the

power we are raising this part of our

equation to the

power of times

compounded times the number of

years and that's our

formula it's a little confusing but it

should

work then we will display the

amount system.out.print

line the amount

after plus years

plus

is pick a unit of currency I'll pick

American

dollars plus

amount let's test

this so let's say we have $10,000 or so

and we're putting it in the

bank what is the interest rate

maybe

3% so I'm going to type three enter the

amount of times compounded per year I'll

go with

one enter the number of years

one so we should have 10,300 in our

bank which we do

10,300 if you would like you can use a

print F statement to format the

output so if you're familiar with that

let's replace print line with print

F instead of concatenating these

variables we'll add some placeholders

instead so to display an integer we need

percent D within print

F

years is then to display a double we

need percent F then we'll list our

arguments

years comma

amount so to display two decimals within

a double between the percent and the F

we're going to type 2 to display two

digits after the

decimal we'll proceed this placeholder

with the unit of currency let's do

American dollars okay let's see the

total

amount enter the principal amount

$110,000 enter the interest rate 2%

enter the number of times compounded per

year this time let's do quarterly so

four because there's four quarters in a

year enter the number of years let's do

two

actually and here's the amount in our

bank account after 2 years

$1,477 all right everybody so that is a

compound interest calculator you can

write using

Java what is going on everybody in this

video I'm going to explain nested if

statements in Java

in Java it is possible to have if

statements within other if statements

kind of like

this after checking some condition you

could follow with another condition if

the first condition is true you can add

if

statements L if

statements and or else

statements really depends on the program

that you're trying to write so what

we're going to do in this demonstration

is have two Boolean

variables a Boolean of is

student let's say that we're selling

movie tickets if somebody's a student

they get a 10% discount on their movie

ticket we also have a senior discount

Boolean is

senior if somebody is 65 or older they

get a 20% senior

discount or if they're a student and a

senior they get a combined total of 30%

off their ticket

price let's say we have a double of

price the price of a movie ticket will

be $9.99 let's say that's actually kind

of cheap

nowadays we'll write an if statement to

check to see if somebody is a student if

is student is equal to true but since

this is a Boolean variable we don't need

the equals true portion we can just say

if is student I will go ahead and set

this to be true right away so if

somebody is a student they get a student

discount else they

won't so if a student is true let's

output the

following you get a

student discount of

10% then we will take our

price price equals price time

0.9 that will give you a 10% discount

account you could shorten this using the

augmented assignment operator price

times equals

0.9 that will set the price to be

90% or a 10% discount so to say if

somebody's not a student they're going

to pay full price price times equals 1

that really doesn't do anything but it

might help with this

visualization then we'll output the

following the price of a ticket

is pick unit of currency then I'll add

our price let's perform a test

run currently we're a student you get a

discount of 10% the price of a ticket is

$8.99 to limit the amount of digits that

display let's use a printf statement

we'll use print F instead of print line

after the dollar sign I will add a

format specifier we're going to display

a double we'll use f for a floating

Point

number comma price to display two digits

after the decimal use 0

2 now we can display a

price you get a student discount of 10%

the price of a ticket is

$8.99 now if we weren't a student I'll

set this to be

false we don't get that discount the

price of a ticket is $9.99 what it was

originally now what if somebody is a

senior and a student within our if

statement we'll write a nested if

statement as well as an else

statement if is senior they get a

student discount and a senior

discount let's cut these two lines

within the if statement and stick them

within the nested else statement

if somebody is a senior and a

student you get a senior

discount of

20% and a student discount of

10% so let's take our original

price times equals

0.7 and an additional 10% off the orig

so let's say is senior is true for

now okay else if they're not a student

but they are a

senior we'll check that with a nested if

statement within the else

statement if is senior they get that

senior

discount but it's only 20% instead of 30

because they're not also as

student price times equals

0.8 you could add

else price times equals

1 that's if somebody is not a student

and not a senior but you don't

necessarily need the sell

statement all right let's perform a test

run let's say that we're not a student

and not a senior

the price of a ticket is

$9.99 what if we were a student but not

a

senior you get a student discount of 10%

the price of a ticket is

$8.99 what if we're not a student but we

are a

senior you get a senior discount of 20%

the price of a ticket is

$7.99 what if we're both a student and a

senior you get a senior discount of 20%

you get a student discount of 10% the

price of a ticket is

$6.99 that's how nesa if statements can

be useful you could check another

condition after checking a condition

already so that's just one example of

nesa if statements and well everybody

those are Nesta if statements in

Java hey yeah so today I'm going to show

you a few useful string Methods you may

be interested in as a beginner using

Java in this demonstration let's create

a variable of name the data type is

going to be a string type in your full

name including a

space I'll just use my YouTube channel

name if at any time you need the length

of a string you can use the length

method I'll store that as an integer int

length equals to access these string

Methods you need a string or a variable

that is a string

dot then we have one of a few methods if

you need the length you can use the

length

method and then let's print

it print the length how many characters

are in the string