Understanding Plate Boundaries: Types, Movements, and Earth’s Surface Impact

[Music] that plate boundaries the earth is not a solid and continuous

shell as you have already know the crust is divided into two parts the continental crust which is composed of

the different continents and the oceanic crust which is composed of different bodies of water the present continents

lie on a tectonic plate [Music] a tectonic plate is a massive

irregularly shaped slab of solid rocks generally it was composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere

these tectonic plates are moving in two different directions for a very long time

[Music] how the movement of the tectonic plate affect the surface of the earth these

are the questions that we are going to answer as we learn some the forces that affect changes of the Earth's surface

but before we proceed to our lesson let us first know some of the important terminologies so that we can deeply

understand everything about plate boundaries some of the vocabulary words are crustal play it is a rigid layer of

the Earth's crust plate boundaries these are areas where two plates meet separate or slide past each other

tectonic plate it is a massive solid rock composed of continental and oceanic lithosphere sub John it is a geological

process in which one end of the plate is forced below the edge of another [Music]

the crustal plates are continuously moving even before 4,500 million years ago now let me give you a little piece

of history about the earth let us go back inside for about 250 million years ago where in the continent are close to

one another and bundled together in what is called Pangaea and here we are 65 million years ago where the dinosaurs

vanish on the Earth's surface and here the movement of the crustal plates which opens the Atlantic oceans the India

rushes to Asia and this is the world we see right now let's talk about the Earth's major

plates and minor plates the latest fear is made of a rigid layer of Earth's crust known as crustal plates some

plates are large while other are small [Music] the large plates are known as major

plates it is a large massive crustal plates the major plates present on earth are Eurasian Plate

Pacific plate North American plate South American plate indo-australian plate anti-tick play and the African play on

the other hand some of the minor plates are the following philippine play [Music]

Koko's played Nazca plate Caribbean play Indian play the Arabian plate

it's kosher play [Music] Juan de Fuca play the Easter play and

a-one Fernandez play these are the majors and minor blades present on theory now let's talk about the plate

boundaries and plate movements plate boundaries our areas where two plates meet the plates move or drift slowly ass

plates move they interact in several ways two plates could collide

two plates may separate one another or they could slide past one another it is being estimated that the plates are

moving at the speed of one to ten centimeter per year the movement of plates help geologists explain different

geological events like earthquakes volcanic eruptions and the formations of oceans and continents there are

different type of plate boundaries these are convergent plate boundaries divergent plate boundary

[Music] transform plate boundary now let's go to all the details of all type of plate

boundaries the convergent plate boundaries a core where tectonic plates collide

[Music] there are three types of convergent plate boundaries

these are ocean e2 oceanic plate boundary continental to continental plate

boundary and oceanic to continental plate boundary when tectonic plates collide the denser

tectonic plate is the one that is pushed below [Music]

subduction zone a convergent region where the crust that is pushed below is being destroyed or melted convergent

plate boundaries trigger volcanic activities earthquakes and formation of ridges deep trenches and chain of active

volcanoes in the oceanic to oceanic plate boundary the denser plate is the one that is subduct or is pushed

downward by the less dense play these type of plate boundary triggers the formation of chains of active volcanoes

as magma rises beneath the surface in a continent all to continent colliding plate boundary the denser

plate slides over the less dense play as a result an enormous thickening of the land masses happens the land masses are

buckled upward and forming mountain ranges this is actually similar when you try to compress together

a bench of sand [Music] the Himalayan ranges between the Asia

and India is a typical example of a surface feature that was formed by continental to continent colliding plate

boundary on the other hand the oceanic to continental colliding plate boundary the oceanic plate sometime or pushed

downward since it is denser than the continental plate the oceanic plate that is subducted is consumed back at the

asthenosphere the subduction causes the formation of large deep trenches one example is the Marianas Trench in the

western Pacific Ocean Marianas Trench was formed when the denser philippine plate descended under the less dense

pacific plate [Music] now let me give you a little something

about the Marianas Trench Marianas Trench is located at the western part of the Pacific clay the Marianas Trench is

formed by the geological process of subduction during subduction the edges of the

plates are subducted the other plates is forced under the other plates the ocean crust is drawn down into the mantle and

is partially melted did you know that the Marianas Trench has a depression of about eleven thousand 33 meters it's

depression is high as the mouth everyth that is why Marianas Trench is the deepest depression of the earth the

divergent plate boundary divergent plate boundary the card when two plates move apart from each other

[Music] when plates break apart the leaders fear things and ruptures forming fractures on

the grass the fractures become filled with magma upwelling from a great depth at the surface of the fracture as the

magma cools off a new crust formed between the divergent clay [Music]

in the oceanic crust this process is called seafloor spreading earthquakes Falls in underwater volcanic

eruptions a car in the divergent plate boundary now let me tell you how the Atlantic Ocean is formed the North

American plate is moving away from the Eurasian Plate and the African plate as these plates move apart Atlantic Ocean

was born and chains of mountains are formed at the middle of Atlantic Ocean these chains of mountains are called

mid-oceanic ridge the mid-oceanic ridge is currently moving away at a rate of 2.5 centimeters or 1 inch per year the

Atlantic Ocean between the Africa and South America the Red Sea between the Africa and Saudi Arabia

the Gulf of California that separates the Baja Peninsula from Mexico are products of divergent plate boundary now

let's go to the last type of plate boundary the transform plate boundary a transform plate boundary a car where two

plates slide past one another as two plates glide each other in different direction earthquake a car

[Music] the area in the famous San Andreas Fault between the Pacific and North American

plate is an example of transform plate boundary the Pacific plate is actually is lighting in North American plate now

let me give you a little trivia did you know that the Philippine plate is moving two centimeter per heel toward the

Eurasian Plate how far do you think will it go after 800 years comment your answer down below now that you know

everything about plate boundary let's see if you learned something [Music]

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