Understanding Oxyacids: Formation, Naming, and Formulas Explained

Oxy acid they are formed from oxyanion. This is an oxy acid. Nitric acid is formed from nitrate oxyanion. So sulfate

oxyanion gives us sulfuric acid H2SO4 and sulfite oxyion gives us H2SO3. What we have to understand here is

couple of things. First thing is let's write HNO3 in aquous medium. It will break into its component ions. In this

case H+ and NO3 whole NO3 minus not nitrogen and oxygen here they do not separate that's why I told you at the

beginning those polyatomic ions behave like a group we cannot separate these N and O into ions similarly we can write

H2SO4 in the aquous medium in water you will get hydrogen and sulfate group again

sulfate whole group and here the difference is since there are two hydrogen's in the formula you will get

two hydrogen ions. You can see this number is depend on the charge of the polyatic ion. If the charge is two you

will get two hydrogen's. Charge is one you will get one hydrogen atom. If the charge is three with phosphate is called

phosphoric acid you will get three hydrogen and the phosphate group in water. That's how you dissociate. We

call it dissociate acids in the aquous medium. Now we know oxy acids are formed by

hydrogen and polyatomic ions. Now we are trying to name them. When we name polyatomic ions, there's a pattern. For

example, here we have nitrite and you can see it end with it. Similarly, we have nitrate ending with eight. So

basically what I'm trying to say here is nitrite and nitrate it and eight eight has more oxygen than it for example here

we can see it sulfite and sulfate sulfate has four oxygen and sulfite has three oxygen now let's see when these

ions form oxy acids how can we name them so there is also a pattern for example if you make an acid with a polar atomic

ion that named with I like nitrite. When this nitrite form an oxy acid in this case it would be H N O2 you can see NO2

is single negative H is single positive it cancels out. So this is one acid and with nitrate we will get HNO3.

How can we name them? So when we are naming them if the oxyanion in this case we are talking about nitrite and

nitrate. If the oxyion ending with it that means nitrite let's focus of the acid formed with nitrite then when we

are naming it would be base name of the oxyion in this case base name is like night and you add us o us u s so maybe

this is little hard to do like this it may be much easier sometimes to just remember the name with nitrite it would

be truss n i t r o u s nitrous acid. So it would be H N O2. If the oxy ending with A, we are talking about

nitrate. The acid would be ending with Ike base name and Ike. I would just try to remember it without worrying about

this thing. It would be nitric nitric acid. Important thing is recognizing the pattern. Now we know about polyatomic

ions. It 8 it has less oxygen 8 has more oxygen. sulfide sulfate chloride chlorate like that it will take some

time for you to understand and remember now we know with nitrite we will get nitrous acid nitrate we will get nitric

acid H n3 sulfide you will get sulfurous acid and sulfate you will get sulfuric acid

chloride you will get chlorus acid and chloride you will get chloric acid and us when you understand the name of the

polyatic ion which is an oxyion here then it's much easier to name the acid oxy acid. So it says write the formula

of sulfuric acid. So let's follow the steps. So name of sulfuric acid. When you see the name we definitely know it

is an acid but it does not start with hydro like hydrochloric acid or hydro bromic acid. That mean there is an

polyatomic ion in this acid and also there's ik sulfuric here since I see iick is here the polyatomic ion should

end with eight with the practice you don't even want to know these things you will see that sulfuric start with

sulfate 8 sulfate which is S4 2 minus so the first step is write the symbol for the cation and its charge this is for

ionic compounds even though these acids are not ionic compounds. They behave like in aquous medium. Let's write the

cation and its charge. Cation is always H+ in acids. And next one is write the symbol for the annion and N is charge. I

just told you it is sulfate. We saw how we got sulfate looking at N and 8 and sulf. Then same thing we did so many

times. Charge becomes a subscript. So this goes here and two goes here. It would be H2 SO4. We don't write one

here. If you prefer at the beginning you can put parenthesis so you don't get confused. And also it says add aq for

aquous to indicate dissolved in water aquous. So these compounds become acids in aquous medium. Check that the total

charge of the kion cancels out total charge of the anion. Total charge of the cation is there are two hydrogen's each

hydrogen is + one and there's only one sulfate group each one is -2 you can see two positive ones and 1 -2 cancels out

to each other that means H2SO4 seems correct here we have some name of the oxy acid and they are oxy annions and I

want you to remember this again guys if you understand it's not that hard to remember if it is eight is nitrous

nitrite nitrate gives nitric sulfite gives sulfurous sulfate sulfuric. So acetate acetic and carbonate gives

carbonic acid. Right? Now please understand the pattern when you understand it is not that hard to

remember this. This is a very busy slide but still it is showing all of the nomenclature we did so far. I'm not

going to do that binary acids. We know binary acids have only two elements. It start with hydro and ending with acid.

Whenever it says hydro and end with acid, we know it has only two elements.