Understanding India's Environment and Sustainable Development

What's up everyone, welcome back to the channel. Guys, today we will cover one more chapter of Indian Eco. One shot and you will have one more chapter of the second unit.

Then there will be two chapters left. I will try to do it in this week. And your syllabus of Indian Eco should end quickly.

So let's start quickly today. And let's see what we have to read in this magnificent environment and sustainable development.

Let's begin. So guys, this is a very simple chapter. What are we reading mainly in Unit 2?

In Unit 2, we are mainly reading about the problems that Indian Eco faces. So now when we work in a society, our environment is also there. So the environment also faces a lot of problems.

Like there is a problem of pollution. Like there is land degradation. Like the quality of soil is getting spoiled.

So there are multiple such factors that impact our business somewhere. They also impact our economy. So we are going to read all of them mainly in this chapter.

So first of all, it comes to us. This is an introduction, there is no need for this mainly. See from here.

Meaning, functions, role of environment. What does it mean? What are the functions?

What is the role of the environment? What are the challenges that India is facing environmentally? And how can we make them better so that we can see sustainable development?

Sustainable development means that we can use those resources for longer durations. We can use those resources ourselves and our future generations can also use

them. So let's see what comes. First of all, what does the environment mean?

So in a very simple language, all the resources around us, plants, animals, water bodies, air, whatever things are around us, they are all our environment. So whatever inheritance is on our planet, whatever things you are seeing around

us, they are all part of the environment. So see what is written. Environment is defined as the total planetary inheritance and totality of all

the resources. Is it fine kids? Now what does the environment do?

The first and most important function of the environment is to provide resources to you. The first function of the environment is to provide resources.

Environment supplies renewable and non-renewable resources. Non-renewable means that which will not renew quickly. Once it is over, then it will be over.

And renewable means that which renews itself over time. So the environment gives us both types of resources. It also gives renewable and non-renewable.

See what is written. Renewable resources are those which can be used without the possibility of becoming depleted.

Depleted means to be finished. Depleted, exhausted like trees, fishes, these will never end. And what are non-renewable resources?

Which get exhausted with extraction and use like fossil fuels. The natural resources provided by the environment are used as inputs. Input means raw material.

So whatever raw material we get, we get it from the environment. Whether it is available in renewable form or non-renewable form. So the first job of the environment is to provide resources to us.

Second is kids, environment assimilates waste. Assimilates waste means you see there is so much human waste, animal waste. People do so much pollution.

Somewhere packet of chips is thrown, somewhere this is thrown, somewhere that is thrown. Waste comes out of the house all over the world.

Waste comes out of factories. Where is all that waste going? So much is not even decomposed.

So much is not even recycled. So where is all the waste going? All those kids assimilate the environment.

The process of production and consumption generates a lot of wastages. Which is absorbed by the environment.

Third kids, environment sustains life. If there is life on this planet, then why is it there? Because of the sun, because of the water, because of the air, because of the

food. So where are we getting all these things from? We are getting it from the environment.

So the life on earth, the life on this planet, all that is because of whom? Because of the environment. So environment sustains life.

Basic necessities, sun, soil, water, air, all that environment provides us. Along with that, aesthetic services. What does aesthetic mean?

Where you go and feel happy, feel fresh. People go to rivers, people go to mountains, people go to hills, people go to forests.

People go camping, trekking and feel very aesthetic. So who has given us all this? Environment has given.

What is this also coming? Environment includes land, forest, water bodies, rainfall, air, atmosphere. People enjoy the scenic beauty of these elements.

People enjoy, so your quality of life gets better. Now a small point is written that when does the crisis of the environment start?

So the crisis of the environment starts when the extraction of resource increases from the rate of regeneration. This means that the resource you are extracting, the resource you are using is

fast. Which is faster? From the rate of regeneration.

Regeneration means that it is not generating so fast, it is not becoming so fast. But there is a lot of extraction.

Some time ago there was a shortage of coal in our country. So what happened then? Coal was being extracted a lot, it was not being regenerated.

So the environmental crisis had started. So you have to take care of this thing. Whatever we do, whatever we extract, it should always be less than

regeneration. Okay kids? You should know this.

Now the reasons for the environmental crisis are coming. Why is all this crisis happening? Why is the environment facing so many problems?

The first problem is population explosion. There is a lot of demand. There is a lot of population.

In our country, the population is increasing so much that the demand is increasing and increasing. To cater that demand, you are seeing that trees are being cut, jungles are

being cut and big projects are being started. Highway will go from here, a bridge will go from here, the whole city will be established here.

So ultimately we are ending the environment. So the biggest problem of the crisis is that there is a lot of population, population explosion.

Along with that, the industrial revolution is happening everywhere. Intensive and extensive extraction of both renewable and non-renewable resources.

Our renewable and non-renewable resources are being extracted a lot. Again, I told you that the rate of extraction that we are extracting from nature is very high.

And the rate of regeneration is very low. That is why we have to face all these problems. What is written ahead?

Due to this, huge amount of money is spent on technology and research to explore new resources. Along with that, many resources are getting extinct.

Extinction is happening. And the population is also increasing very fast. After that, we have very poor consumption and poor production standards.

That is, we do consumption in the opposite way and production in the opposite way. We do a lot of wastage.

So from which resource, for example, 100 units of raw materials, 200 units of finished goods should be made. So from 100 to 120 is being made.

Rest is being wasted. So our production and consumption standards are both bad here. This is written.

After that, the development process has polluted the atmosphere. Pollution is increasing a lot. The whole atmosphere, water, air, all this is getting polluted.

After this, there are global environmental issues like global warming, ozone depletion. These are also many such issues that are creating problems worldwide and the

environment is facing issues from this. These kids come to us in the reasons for environmental crisis. What is after this?

Opportunity cost of negative environmental impact. Now sir, what is the opportunity cost in this? What is the opportunity cost in this?

See kids, what are we doing? We are going towards urbanization. We are going towards industrialization.

We are setting up big industries. Cities are developing. Rural areas are decreasing.

Urban areas are increasing. So now we have to lose something to get something. We call the same concept as opportunity cost.

This means that this modernization, urbanization, industrialization, we must be getting some or the other negative impact from this. What is that?

First of all, increased financial commitments of government due to global warming. We are seeing a lot of global warming.

Problems like ozone depletion are being seen. So the government is also having to spend on this that take out solutions for global warming.

For ozone depletion, run different types of awareness campaigns. Try to find out different types of solutions so that people can be told how we can get better from this problem.

In the same way, expenditure is increasing on quality of health. Because air quality is deteriorating. Water quality is deteriorating.

So people are getting sick more. So we have to spend more on health facilities. All these opportunities come in cost, kids.

Now we have the first problem that we are facing overall is global warming. So tell me quickly what is global warming, son? Nowadays we see how hot it is.

Out of 12, we live in North India. Out of 12, 8 months are hot. Even in winters, it is not as cold as it used to be.

What is the reason for that? Overall temperature of the atmosphere is increasing. Earlier the heat used to be less.

Now it is so hot that you are seeing that every year the heat breaks the record. Why?

Because there is a lot of pollution. The population is very high. Smoke is being produced from vehicles all over the world.

Heat is being generated all over the world. We are using air conditioners. We are using refrigerators.

From that, such substances are being produced which are generating a lot of heat in the environment. So the overall temperature is increasing.

We call it global warming. Global warming is the observed and projected increase in average temperature of earth, atmosphere, and oceans.

What are the causes, children? Increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. Water vapors, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone.

Due to all these gases, our environment is heating up a lot. We call it global warming. You have studied this in small classes.

What are the main harmful impacts of global warming? Ice is melting. Ice is melting.

So what is happening with it? We are seeing a lot of floods. On a frequent basis, floods are seen region-wise.

Natural disasters are seen. Hurricanes, other tropical storms. That is, the storms that are coming are getting very strong.

Along with that, tropical diseases like malaria, cholera, dengue, chikungunya. All this is basically caused by mosquitoes. When do mosquitoes come?

When there are such things in the water. So basically these diseases are also being seen. Along with this, the effect on animals.

There are a lot of species of animals, children. Which may become extinct in the coming time. Like polar bears, etc.

They are not seen now. Because they need extreme ice. They need snow.

Now there is no snowfall. It is getting very hot. So these people will become extinct.

After that, if we talk about seasons, Then seasons, summers are getting usually longer. I told you, summers are increasing and winters are not being seen so much.

So this is the first issue which is global warming. After this comes ozone depletion. Sir, what is ozone depletion?

So you must know that to protect our earth, We have a layer outside which we call ozone layer. That ozone layer protects us from the ultraviolet rays coming from outside.

Protects from UV rays. Now what is happening in that ozone layer? It is getting depleted.

Why is it getting depleted? It is getting depleted because of pollution. Because of harmful substances.

Because of our useless uses. So see what is written. Ozone depletion refers to destruction of ozone in the ozone layer due to

presence of chlorine. Now where is that chlorine coming from? From chlorofluorocarbons.

From other forces. Where are these chlorofluorocarbons and bromochlorocarbons? These are in cooling substances.

Like in refrigerators, air conditioners. Now they come out from there. When they come out from there, they destroy the ozone.

Ozone depletes. They destroy our ozone layer. Okay.

See what is it. The problem of ozone depletion is caused by high levels of chlorine and bromine compounds in the stratosphere.

The origin of these compounds is chlorofluorocarbons which are found in cooling substances. I have already told you in AC, refrigerators.

Aerosol propellants and bromofluorocarbons, halons which are used in fire extinguishers. Which are found in fire extinguishers.

So these are basically causing us a lot of damage. After this, what is the main effect? What is happening due to ozone depletion?

UV radiations are coming. Skin cancer is being seen. Along with that, many more aquatic organisms are being damaged.

Okay. So we are seeing a lot of issues due to UV radiation. Then UV radiation also influences the growth of terrestrial plants.

So it is impacting plants. It is impacting animals. It is impacting humans.

So overall it is impacting the entire environment. So this is also a very major issue. State of India's environment.

If we talk about India's environment, then we have a lot of natural resources. India was called the golden bird. After that, there was exploitation.

Even then, there are still a lot of them. So it is written that India has abundant natural resources. Rich quality of soil, hundreds of rivers, forests, mineral deposits.

There are a lot of things. Okay. If we talk about India's environment, then we will get tired of praising it.

But it will not end. So let's talk about India's environment. See what India has.

Black soil. Deccan plateau. In which there is a lot of cotton.

That's why we see textile industries very well in our country. So in our country, textile industry. How did the cloth go so far?

Because our environment is suitable for that. If there is no environment, then we will not be able to grow. So first of all we talk about black soil.

After that, the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Spread from Arabian Sea to the Bay of Bengal. One of the most fertile, intensively cultivated and densely populated regions

of the world. So look at us. Our Indo-Gangetic Plains.

You get to see a lot of population there. Along with that, highly fertile lands. Highly fertile lands.

There is a lot of production. We have not progressed so much in agriculture. Our environment promotes that thing.

Right. What is given ahead? India's forests are unevenly distributed.

But still providing green cover in the majority. Right. Along with that, iron ore.

Coal and natural gas. We also get that. So total iron ore.

What am I saying? Total iron ore 20%. 20% of the world is found in India.

In one country. So you think how rich these resources have become. How fortunate we are that so many things are already available in our country.

After this, what are the challenges for us? This is an important topic. This comes in the exam.

So we have to read these mainly 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6 challenges. In which the two below are very easy for you. Air pollution, water pollution.

You know what is air pollution? What is water pollution? Now we will start reading from here.

Along with the challenges, our chapter will also end. So the first challenge is coming to us. Land degradation.

Land means land. Degradation means its quality is deteriorating. We say upgrade.

Means do better. Degrade means deterioration. So we see that the quality of our land is deteriorating from time to time.

Why is it deteriorating? Because of chemical fertilizers. Because of insecticides.

Because of pesticides. Because of proper facilities. Because of good technology.

Because of lack of knowledge. Because of lack of awareness. So there are multiple reasons.

Because of which the overall quality of our land is getting degraded. This is called land degradation. Land degradation refers to decline in the overall quality of soil, water and

vegetation condition. Commonly caused by human activities. Now see the causes of land degradation.

First of all. What are the causes we have? A lot of causes are written.

What are the causes? Loss of vegetation due to deforestation. Too many trees are being cut.

Unnecessary cutting of trees is happening. I told you that because of industrialization and urbanization. We are cutting trees.

The city is being tried to settle by destroying the jungle. So whenever the trees will be cut too much. Excessive cutting.

So ultimately we will have to bear the loss. Trees are very important. So many campaigns are going on in our country.

Plant trees. Save lives. So many campaigns are going on.

So trees are very very important. Which are getting over. Second is over grazing.

What does over grazing mean? See grazing means that animals come and graze. Now in many places this over grazing is happening.

Means you are not paying attention. Animals are being left at the same place continuously. And there they do over grazing.

Because of which the quality of land is getting spoiled. See what is written. Grazing of natural pastures and stocking intensities above the livestock

carrying capacity. Carrying capacity means more than production capacity. It is the same thing.

What are you doing? You are extracting it. That should not happen.

After that encroachment into forest lands. Forest lands are being forced to enter and try to settle the city. After that non adoption of adequate soil conservation measures.

Measures are not being taken to protect the soil. We have many such. I have seen on YouTube.

I have seen on Instagram. There are organizations. Which run many campaigns for soil.

One is very popular. Save Soil. If you have heard.

It is probably of Isha Foundation. Save Soil. It is a very good campaign on the land.

It is a very good work for the environment. After that unsustainable fuel wood and fodder extraction. We are extracting a lot of fuel wood.

So this is also one of our reasons for land degradation. After this kids we are getting deforestation. Deforestation I have told you.

Which is the cutting of trees. To set up a city. To set up an industry.

Which is the unnecessary cutting of trees. Or over cutting of trees. We call it deforestation.

What is written? It is defined as large scale cutting down of trees. For executing developmental projects.

It involves permanent destruction of forest. And woodlands. Where land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.

It is simple. Okay. Perfect.

Okay. So what impact does this have kids? Biodiversity is disturbed.

Vegetation is spoiled. Right. Along with that natural habitat is spoiled.

Flora and fauna. Flowers, trees, animals. All are worried.

So in this way unnecessary or doing it at a very high level. Is dangerous for us. After that large scale cutting.

Led to an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide will increase. If there are no trees then carbon dioxide will increase.

Methane will increase. That will only harm us. We will have trouble breathing.

Because where do we get the most oxygen? From trees. If there are no trees.

How will we live? So that's why trees are very very important. After this kids soil erosion.

What does soil erosion mean sir? Soil erosion means when the upper layer of the soil. Flies away.

See the most fertile layer is the upper layer of the soil. Now if it went away due to floods. Or a lot of storm came along with it.

Then we call it soil erosion. Soil erosion takes place when the surface soil is washed away. Through excessive rains and floods.

Okay kids. Now see if there are trees. So from the roots of the tree.

The upper layer remains very rigid. It does not go anywhere. But if there are no trees.

Then with water. With the storm. That upper layer will go.

After that comes the biodiversity loss. Biodiversity loss means. That in our country.

Not only humans. Or on our earth. Not only humans.

There are many other species. Which is a part of biodiversity. So they also have a loss.

When you finish the forest. Disturbs the environment. So what is coming?

It refers to every living thing. Plants, bacteria, animals, humans. Everyone has a loss.

Kids. Water pollution. Air pollution.

Now you know. What is water pollution? When from factories.

When from companies. When from production plants. All waste is put in water.

Water pollution. What is air pollution? When due to smoke in the air.

Due to dust particles. You see what happens in Delhi. So much.

It becomes difficult to breathe there. Air quality. Has become so bad.

So air pollution. Water pollution. These are also some issues.

Okay kids. It is easy. There is nothing in it.

Now how to control air pollution? Here. This is asked to the child from the 8th class.

How to control air pollution? So brother. Everyone knows this.

Very basic things. There is nothing to teach me in this. Not main.

You have read all those things. So how can it be done? First of all.

Promotion of public transport. Brother. Use public transport by not using your vehicles.

Now if 50 people are sitting in one bus. So only one bus. It is polluting the environment.

If 50 people go in their own car. So 50 cars must be polluting. So use public transport for this.

Along with that. Use good fuels. Use CNG.

Instead of petrol and diesel. Use LPG inside the house. Use good technology with it.

With which at least. Such substances come out in the air. Which pollutes the air.

All the same things. Okay kids. Now coming to us.

Last topic. Which is. Sustainable development.

Sir. What is sustainable development? Sustainable development means.

There should be development. And in such a way. That we also use the resources.

And our future generations. Also use. So what is written.

Sustainable development refers to. Development process that meets the needs. Of present generation.

Without compromising. On the ability of the future. Generations.

That we use resources. And we do not overuse so much. That it ends.

If future generations do not get. So it should not be like this. Okay.

After this. How can you do sustainable development? Number one.

Restrict the use of renewable resources. So the extraction of renewable resources. Although they will be renewed.

But still you have to extract as much. In which the rate of extraction is less. Rate of regeneration.

Rate of regeneration should be more. That is, production should be more. Consumption should be less.

So that we have that resource left. Should not end. First of all.

That is why you will have sustainable development. Will be left. That is why the future generation will use it.

So number one. Use well. Restrict its use.

Substitute non-renewable with renewable. If non-renewable resources are being used anywhere. Now see if they end.

Then there will be a problem. So substitute it with renewable. You find alternatives.

As we say today. That do not use electricity made from water. Use solar energy.

Because water. Drinking water will end somewhere. But the sun is not going anywhere.

The sun is here. So use solar energy. It is a better source.

So what is written? As non-renewable resources are depleted. Renewable substitutes must be developed.

Become input efficient. Input efficient means children. Less wastage.

Use your raw material so well. That there is no wastage at all. If there is a wastage, then there will be a problem.

So you have to become input efficient. Do not let resources be wasted. After that control pollution.

Control pollution. So that in our environment. The absorption capacity.

Absorption capacity means children. How much waste can the environment absorb? If it becomes more than that.

Then there will be pollution. So as much as it can absorb. Less waste should be there.

If it goes more than that. Then there will be a problem. Okay.

So there is at least pollution. Along with that. Control the growth of population.

You had seen. Everything was fine in Covid. Everyone was sitting in their own house.

All the rivers were clean. Environment was clean. Pollution was completely clean.

Everything was absolutely clean. So ultimately. The root of every problem is human.

So if the population itself is controlled. Then things will be right. Okay.

These children come to us. In sustainable development. After this we have some strategies.

Of sustainable development. You should know this. Asks in the exam.

First of all. Use non-conventional sources. Non-conventional means.

As I told you now. Use solar energy. Use wind energy.

Non-conventional. Which has not been going on for so long. Now it has been developed with technology.

Use non-conventional. Use cleaner fuels. Cleaner fuels means.

Use LPG, CNG. Do not use petrol and diesel. Do more pollution.

If you use clean fuel. It will be good. After that.

Mini hydel plants are being set up. Electricity is generated from mini hydel plants. It should be set up properly.

And use traditional knowledge and practices. Children. Our old book.

Which is our previous generation. It was very much in touch with the environment. So whether we have Ayurveda.

To treat any disease. Or we consider yoga. Or all the traditional practices we have.

Stay connected to trees. Planting trees. Right.

So our old practices. Traditional practices. They can be very useful.

To save the environment. So it is written. Traditionally Indian people.

Have been close to the environment. All practices relating to agriculture system. Healthcare.

Housing. We should use that. Right.

After this. Use bio-compost. What does bio-compost mean?

That we will not use chemical fertilizers. All of us. Natural fertilizers.

Fertilizers that are naturally made. Or naturally made. Insecticides.

We will use pesticides. So that the soil quality is also developed. And we eat healthy food.

What is written? The use of chemical fertilizers. To increase the agriculture.

Has not only affected the area of production. But also contaminated the water bodies. So we have to finish this.

Control of bio-pest. Right. What does bio-pest mean?

We have. See the green revolution that came. I taught you.

Now you know. In the green revolution. Chemical fertilizers were needed a lot.

So what happened with that? A lot of food products were spoiled. And water bodies were also contaminated.

So we have to reduce that. Along with that. All the unsustainable patterns.

All the unsustainable patterns. Of consumption. Of production.

Because of which. Future generations can have a problem. We have to finish all of them.

We need sustainable development. Not unsustainable. With increasing purchasing power.

Wasteful consumption. Link to market driven consumerism. Stress is coming from it.

On resources. See it is written. People's purchasing power is increasing.

Consume in reverse. Because see now people. Earlier people used to buy needs.

Because we need it. Now we buy want. I just want.

Why do you want? What do you need or not? It doesn't matter.

Just want. So this is happening. So there is a lot of unlimited consumerism.

With which the exploitation of resources. And we are going behind a lot. So all this has to be done right.

Unsustainable patterns have to be finished. Pay attention to bio-pest. Pay attention to bio-compost.

Along with that. Pay attention to traditional knowledge. We have to develop mini hydel plants.

So that electricity can be developed from better sources. We have to use cleaner fuels. So all these kids come in our sustainable development.

So the whole chapter is related to the environment. It is very simple. I hope it will be clear to you.

Usually picture based questions come from this. See a picture and then identify what the problem is. And write about it.

That's it. Normally such a question comes. But now after completing the syllabus.

I will get sample paper PYQs done. So you will get better yourself. Alright.

That's it for today. Ladies and gentlemen. Chapter is over.

Thank you so much everyone for joining in. I am going to see you all super soon. Till then see ya.

Take care. Bye bye. Keep growing and keep glowing.