Introduction
Welcome back to the channel! Today, we are diving into a crucial chapter of Indian Economy, focused on the topic of environment and sustainable development. This area is vital not only for our current living standards but also for future generations. As we unpack various challenges faced by the Indian economy in terms of environmental impact, we'll also discuss sustainable practices that can help us mitigate these issues. Let’s explore together!
What Is the Environment?
The environment encompasses all resources around us, including plants, animals, water bodies, and air. This totality includes everything that sustains life on Earth and is critical for our existence.
Definition of Environment
The environment can be described as the total planetary inheritance and the collection of all resources available to us.
Major Functions of the Environment
- Resource Provision: The environment supplies renewable resources (like trees and fish, which can regenerate) and non-renewable resources (like fossil fuels, which are finite).
- Waste Assimilation: It processes a significant amount of waste—both human and industrial—helping maintain a balance in nature.
- Life Sustenance: Critical elements such as sunlight, soil, air, and water are all provided by the environment.
- Aesthetic Value: Natural landscapes encourage recreation and improve quality of life.
The Crisis of the Environment
Causes of Environmental Crisis
The environmental crisis begins when extraction rates of resources exceed natural regeneration. A few of the root causes include:
- Population Explosion: Increased population leads to heightened demands for resources.
- Industrial Revolution: The boom in industries results in extensive resource extraction at unsustainable rates.
- Poor Consumption Practices: Inefficient use of resources leads to waste and depletion.
Major Environmental Challenges in India
India is facing numerous environmental challenges that require immediate attention:
1. Land Degradation
Land degradation refers to the overall decline in land quality primarily caused by human activities such as over-farming and deforestation. Unchecked use of chemical fertilizers, cutting of trees, and lack of proper soil conservation methods are key contributors.
2. Air Pollution
Air pollution is a pressing issue, with major contributors being industrial emissions, vehicular output, and dust accumulation. Poor air quality has severe implications for public health.
3. Water Pollution
Contaminated water bodies from industrial discharge severely affect freshwater resources. This challenge is exacerbated by illegal dumping and lack of sanitation infrastructure.
4. Global Warming
The rise in greenhouse gas concentrations is causing drastic changes in weather patterns, leading to natural disasters and affecting biodiversity.
- Impact of Global Warming: Melting ice caps, frequent floods, and a rise in tropical diseases.
5. Ozone Depletion
Human activities have led to the depletion of the ozone layer, primarily due to substances like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Decreased ozone levels increase UV radiation exposure, leading to health risks.
6. Biodiversity Loss
Human encroachment on habitats leads to species extinction and threatens ecological balance. Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining ecosystem stability.
The State of India's Natural Resources
India, often referred to as a 'golden bird,' is rich in natural resources, including fertile soil, extensive forests, and abundant mineral deposits, which have immense potential for sustainable economic growth.
- Fertile Regions: Areas like the Indo-Gangetic plains are among the most fertile in the world, supporting intensive agriculture.
Strategies for Sustainable Development
Achieving sustainable development requires a multi-faceted approach:
1. Resource Management
- Restrict Overuse of Renewable Resources: Maintain a balance between extraction and regeneration to ensure resources remain available for future generations.
- Alternative Substitution: Replace non-renewable with renewable resources—for instance, using solar energy instead of fossil fuels.
2. Pollution Control
- Public Awareness Campaigns: Encourage sustainable purchasing practices that minimize waste.
- Promotion of Clean Energy: Use cleaner fuels, improve public transport, and implement better waste management systems to tackle pollution.
3. Educational Campaigns
Enhance understanding of environmental issues and emphasize the importance of biodiversity and conservation.
4. Traditional Practices
Utilize traditional knowledge and practices effectively in agriculture and health care, which have long been attuned to the environment.
Conclusion
In summary, the environmental challenges that India faces are not just limited to pollution, land degradation, or biodiversity loss but are deeply intertwined with development practices. Sustainable development is fundamental to ensuring the health of our planet and the wellbeing of future generations. By acknowledging the environment's role in our economy and everyday life, we can cultivate a society that protects and nurtures our natural resources.
Let’s work together for a sustainable future, making informed choices today that promote health, maintenance, and conservation. Thank you for tuning in, and keep growing and glowing!
What's up everyone, welcome back to the channel. Guys, today we will cover one more chapter of Indian Eco. One shot and you will have one more chapter of the second unit.
Then there will be two chapters left. I will try to do it in this week. And your syllabus of Indian Eco should end quickly.
So let's start quickly today. And let's see what we have to read in this magnificent environment and sustainable development.
Let's begin. So guys, this is a very simple chapter. What are we reading mainly in Unit 2?
In Unit 2, we are mainly reading about the problems that Indian Eco faces. So now when we work in a society, our environment is also there. So the environment also faces a lot of problems.
Like there is a problem of pollution. Like there is land degradation. Like the quality of soil is getting spoiled.
So there are multiple such factors that impact our business somewhere. They also impact our economy. So we are going to read all of them mainly in this chapter.
So first of all, it comes to us. This is an introduction, there is no need for this mainly. See from here.
What is the role of the environment? What are the challenges that India is facing environmentally? And how can we make them better so that we can see sustainable development?
Sustainable development means that we can use those resources for longer durations. We can use those resources ourselves and our future generations can also use
So in a very simple language, all the resources around us, plants, animals, water bodies, air, whatever things are around us, they are all our environment. So whatever inheritance is on our planet, whatever things you are seeing around
us, they are all part of the environment. So see what is written. Environment is defined as the total planetary inheritance and totality of all
The first and most important function of the environment is to provide resources to you. The first function of the environment is to provide resources.
Environment supplies renewable and non-renewable resources. Non-renewable means that which will not renew quickly. Once it is over, then it will be over.
And renewable means that which renews itself over time. So the environment gives us both types of resources. It also gives renewable and non-renewable.
See what is written. Renewable resources are those which can be used without the possibility of becoming depleted.
Depleted means to be finished. Depleted, exhausted like trees, fishes, these will never end. And what are non-renewable resources?
Which get exhausted with extraction and use like fossil fuels. The natural resources provided by the environment are used as inputs. Input means raw material.
So whatever raw material we get, we get it from the environment. Whether it is available in renewable form or non-renewable form. So the first job of the environment is to provide resources to us.
Second is kids, environment assimilates waste. Assimilates waste means you see there is so much human waste, animal waste. People do so much pollution.
Somewhere packet of chips is thrown, somewhere this is thrown, somewhere that is thrown. Waste comes out of the house all over the world.
Waste comes out of factories. Where is all that waste going? So much is not even decomposed.
So much is not even recycled. So where is all the waste going? All those kids assimilate the environment.
The process of production and consumption generates a lot of wastages. Which is absorbed by the environment.
Third kids, environment sustains life. If there is life on this planet, then why is it there? Because of the sun, because of the water, because of the air, because of the
food. So where are we getting all these things from? We are getting it from the environment.
So the life on earth, the life on this planet, all that is because of whom? Because of the environment. So environment sustains life.
Basic necessities, sun, soil, water, air, all that environment provides us. Along with that, aesthetic services. What does aesthetic mean?
Where you go and feel happy, feel fresh. People go to rivers, people go to mountains, people go to hills, people go to forests.
People go camping, trekking and feel very aesthetic. So who has given us all this? Environment has given.
What is this also coming? Environment includes land, forest, water bodies, rainfall, air, atmosphere. People enjoy the scenic beauty of these elements.
People enjoy, so your quality of life gets better. Now a small point is written that when does the crisis of the environment start?
So the crisis of the environment starts when the extraction of resource increases from the rate of regeneration. This means that the resource you are extracting, the resource you are using is
Regeneration means that it is not generating so fast, it is not becoming so fast. But there is a lot of extraction.
Some time ago there was a shortage of coal in our country. So what happened then? Coal was being extracted a lot, it was not being regenerated.
So the environmental crisis had started. So you have to take care of this thing. Whatever we do, whatever we extract, it should always be less than
Now the reasons for the environmental crisis are coming. Why is all this crisis happening? Why is the environment facing so many problems?
The first problem is population explosion. There is a lot of demand. There is a lot of population.
In our country, the population is increasing so much that the demand is increasing and increasing. To cater that demand, you are seeing that trees are being cut, jungles are
being cut and big projects are being started. Highway will go from here, a bridge will go from here, the whole city will be established here.
So ultimately we are ending the environment. So the biggest problem of the crisis is that there is a lot of population, population explosion.
Along with that, the industrial revolution is happening everywhere. Intensive and extensive extraction of both renewable and non-renewable resources.
Our renewable and non-renewable resources are being extracted a lot. Again, I told you that the rate of extraction that we are extracting from nature is very high.
And the rate of regeneration is very low. That is why we have to face all these problems. What is written ahead?
Due to this, huge amount of money is spent on technology and research to explore new resources. Along with that, many resources are getting extinct.
Extinction is happening. And the population is also increasing very fast. After that, we have very poor consumption and poor production standards.
That is, we do consumption in the opposite way and production in the opposite way. We do a lot of wastage.
So from which resource, for example, 100 units of raw materials, 200 units of finished goods should be made. So from 100 to 120 is being made.
Rest is being wasted. So our production and consumption standards are both bad here. This is written.
After that, the development process has polluted the atmosphere. Pollution is increasing a lot. The whole atmosphere, water, air, all this is getting polluted.
After this, there are global environmental issues like global warming, ozone depletion. These are also many such issues that are creating problems worldwide and the
environment is facing issues from this. These kids come to us in the reasons for environmental crisis. What is after this?
Opportunity cost of negative environmental impact. Now sir, what is the opportunity cost in this? What is the opportunity cost in this?
See kids, what are we doing? We are going towards urbanization. We are going towards industrialization.
Urban areas are increasing. So now we have to lose something to get something. We call the same concept as opportunity cost.
This means that this modernization, urbanization, industrialization, we must be getting some or the other negative impact from this. What is that?
First of all, increased financial commitments of government due to global warming. We are seeing a lot of global warming.
Problems like ozone depletion are being seen. So the government is also having to spend on this that take out solutions for global warming.
For ozone depletion, run different types of awareness campaigns. Try to find out different types of solutions so that people can be told how we can get better from this problem.
In the same way, expenditure is increasing on quality of health. Because air quality is deteriorating. Water quality is deteriorating.
So people are getting sick more. So we have to spend more on health facilities. All these opportunities come in cost, kids.
Now we have the first problem that we are facing overall is global warming. So tell me quickly what is global warming, son? Nowadays we see how hot it is.
Out of 12, we live in North India. Out of 12, 8 months are hot. Even in winters, it is not as cold as it used to be.
What is the reason for that? Overall temperature of the atmosphere is increasing. Earlier the heat used to be less.
Because there is a lot of pollution. The population is very high. Smoke is being produced from vehicles all over the world.
Heat is being generated all over the world. We are using air conditioners. We are using refrigerators.
From that, such substances are being produced which are generating a lot of heat in the environment. So the overall temperature is increasing.
We call it global warming. Global warming is the observed and projected increase in average temperature of earth, atmosphere, and oceans.
What are the causes, children? Increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. Water vapors, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone.
Due to all these gases, our environment is heating up a lot. We call it global warming. You have studied this in small classes.
So what is happening with it? We are seeing a lot of floods. On a frequent basis, floods are seen region-wise.
Natural disasters are seen. Hurricanes, other tropical storms. That is, the storms that are coming are getting very strong.
Along with that, tropical diseases like malaria, cholera, dengue, chikungunya. All this is basically caused by mosquitoes. When do mosquitoes come?
When there are such things in the water. So basically these diseases are also being seen. Along with this, the effect on animals.
There are a lot of species of animals, children. Which may become extinct in the coming time. Like polar bears, etc.
After that, if we talk about seasons, Then seasons, summers are getting usually longer. I told you, summers are increasing and winters are not being seen so much.
So this is the first issue which is global warming. After this comes ozone depletion. Sir, what is ozone depletion?
So you must know that to protect our earth, We have a layer outside which we call ozone layer. That ozone layer protects us from the ultraviolet rays coming from outside.
Why is it getting depleted? It is getting depleted because of pollution. Because of harmful substances.
Because of our useless uses. So see what is written. Ozone depletion refers to destruction of ozone in the ozone layer due to
From other forces. Where are these chlorofluorocarbons and bromochlorocarbons? These are in cooling substances.
Like in refrigerators, air conditioners. Now they come out from there. When they come out from there, they destroy the ozone.
See what is it. The problem of ozone depletion is caused by high levels of chlorine and bromine compounds in the stratosphere.
The origin of these compounds is chlorofluorocarbons which are found in cooling substances. I have already told you in AC, refrigerators.
Aerosol propellants and bromofluorocarbons, halons which are used in fire extinguishers. Which are found in fire extinguishers.
So these are basically causing us a lot of damage. After this, what is the main effect? What is happening due to ozone depletion?
UV radiations are coming. Skin cancer is being seen. Along with that, many more aquatic organisms are being damaged.
Okay. So we are seeing a lot of issues due to UV radiation. Then UV radiation also influences the growth of terrestrial plants.
So overall it is impacting the entire environment. So this is also a very major issue. State of India's environment.
If we talk about India's environment, then we have a lot of natural resources. India was called the golden bird. After that, there was exploitation.
Even then, there are still a lot of them. So it is written that India has abundant natural resources. Rich quality of soil, hundreds of rivers, forests, mineral deposits.
There are a lot of things. Okay. If we talk about India's environment, then we will get tired of praising it.
That's why we see textile industries very well in our country. So in our country, textile industry. How did the cloth go so far?
Because our environment is suitable for that. If there is no environment, then we will not be able to grow. So first of all we talk about black soil.
After that, the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Spread from Arabian Sea to the Bay of Bengal. One of the most fertile, intensively cultivated and densely populated regions
You get to see a lot of population there. Along with that, highly fertile lands. Highly fertile lands.
There is a lot of production. We have not progressed so much in agriculture. Our environment promotes that thing.
In one country. So you think how rich these resources have become. How fortunate we are that so many things are already available in our country.
After this, what are the challenges for us? This is an important topic. This comes in the exam.
So we have to read these mainly 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6 challenges. In which the two below are very easy for you. Air pollution, water pollution.
You know what is air pollution? What is water pollution? Now we will start reading from here.
Along with the challenges, our chapter will also end. So the first challenge is coming to us. Land degradation.
Means do better. Degrade means deterioration. So we see that the quality of our land is deteriorating from time to time.
Because of which the overall quality of our land is getting degraded. This is called land degradation. Land degradation refers to decline in the overall quality of soil, water and
vegetation condition. Commonly caused by human activities. Now see the causes of land degradation.
What are the causes? Loss of vegetation due to deforestation. Too many trees are being cut.
Unnecessary cutting of trees is happening. I told you that because of industrialization and urbanization. We are cutting trees.
The city is being tried to settle by destroying the jungle. So whenever the trees will be cut too much. Excessive cutting.
So ultimately we will have to bear the loss. Trees are very important. So many campaigns are going on in our country.
What does over grazing mean? See grazing means that animals come and graze. Now in many places this over grazing is happening.
Means you are not paying attention. Animals are being left at the same place continuously. And there they do over grazing.
Because of which the quality of land is getting spoiled. See what is written. Grazing of natural pastures and stocking intensities above the livestock
carrying capacity. Carrying capacity means more than production capacity. It is the same thing.
After that encroachment into forest lands. Forest lands are being forced to enter and try to settle the city. After that non adoption of adequate soil conservation measures.
Measures are not being taken to protect the soil. We have many such. I have seen on YouTube.
It is a very good work for the environment. After that unsustainable fuel wood and fodder extraction. We are extracting a lot of fuel wood.
So this is also one of our reasons for land degradation. After this kids we are getting deforestation. Deforestation I have told you.
Which is the unnecessary cutting of trees. Or over cutting of trees. We call it deforestation.
What is written? It is defined as large scale cutting down of trees. For executing developmental projects.
It involves permanent destruction of forest. And woodlands. Where land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.
So in this way unnecessary or doing it at a very high level. Is dangerous for us. After that large scale cutting.
Led to an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide will increase. If there are no trees then carbon dioxide will increase.
How will we live? So that's why trees are very very important. After this kids soil erosion.
What does soil erosion mean sir? Soil erosion means when the upper layer of the soil. Flies away.
See the most fertile layer is the upper layer of the soil. Now if it went away due to floods. Or a lot of storm came along with it.
Then we call it soil erosion. Soil erosion takes place when the surface soil is washed away. Through excessive rains and floods.
If 50 people go in their own car. So 50 cars must be polluting. So use public transport for this.
Sustainable development refers to. Development process that meets the needs. Of present generation.
Restrict the use of renewable resources. So the extraction of renewable resources. Although they will be renewed.
But still you have to extract as much. In which the rate of extraction is less. Rate of regeneration.
Rate of regeneration should be more. That is, production should be more. Consumption should be less.
That is why you will have sustainable development. Will be left. That is why the future generation will use it.
Substitute non-renewable with renewable. If non-renewable resources are being used anywhere. Now see if they end.
So what is written? As non-renewable resources are depleted. Renewable substitutes must be developed.
Use your raw material so well. That there is no wastage at all. If there is a wastage, then there will be a problem.
So you have to become input efficient. Do not let resources be wasted. After that control pollution.
Absorption capacity means children. How much waste can the environment absorb? If it becomes more than that.
Non-conventional. Which has not been going on for so long. Now it has been developed with technology.
Mini hydel plants are being set up. Electricity is generated from mini hydel plants. It should be set up properly.
Which is our previous generation. It was very much in touch with the environment. So whether we have Ayurveda.
Have been close to the environment. All practices relating to agriculture system. Healthcare.
We will use pesticides. So that the soil quality is also developed. And we eat healthy food.
Has not only affected the area of production. But also contaminated the water bodies. So we have to finish this.
So what happened with that? A lot of food products were spoiled. And water bodies were also contaminated.
With which the exploitation of resources. And we are going behind a lot. So all this has to be done right.
Unsustainable patterns have to be finished. Pay attention to bio-pest. Pay attention to bio-compost.
Along with that. Pay attention to traditional knowledge. We have to develop mini hydel plants.
So that electricity can be developed from better sources. We have to use cleaner fuels. So all these kids come in our sustainable development.
So the whole chapter is related to the environment. It is very simple. I hope it will be clear to you.
Usually picture based questions come from this. See a picture and then identify what the problem is. And write about it.
Thank you so much everyone for joining in. I am going to see you all super soon. Till then see ya.
Heads up!
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