The Aftermath of World War I: Pathways to Conflict and the Rise of Totalitarianism

in the early morning hours of November 11th 1918 the German command was forced to sign a surrender in the train car

thus the first world war ended the world was confident that peace would now come the phrase the war to end all wars was

the hope of every human who wanted to make this formula a reality however while the US rejoiced the end of the war

Germany met this closing in Ruins the Paris peace conference began in January 1919 the British delegation at

Versailles described the idea of US President woodro Wilson to create a League of Nations aimed at ensuring

collective security promoting disarmament and international cooperation nevertheless the leaders

faced many challenges along the way and War torn Russia was increasingly subjected to the Bolshevik power of the

Communist Party meanwhile a conflict between the ottoman EMP Empire and Greece had erupted Greece had been given

part of the Ottoman Empire by peace treaty which was not entirely to the satisfaction of the Ottomans Allied

Forces however stood along the rine until the summer of 1919 their Bridge heads have taken route

deep into the defeated disarmed and starved Germany this country was considered the main culprit of the

disaster because it was Germany that led the reprehensible forces finally having received peace and security the French

people chanted never again however a mysterious anxiety still hung over the Skies of France the population of France

was considerably smaller than that of Germany by 2/3 moreover the number of Germans was constantly growing and this

could lead to a difference of two times in 10 years France expressed outrage at the death of 1.5 million Frenchmen who

had died defending the country from the enemy the leadership recalled bismar threats of a new war of 1875 and the

Tangier crisis which forced the French foreign minister to resign and the last straw for him was the death of his son

on the front during the first world war as a result of which he left politics definitively Supreme Allied Commander

Marshall Ferdinand fos insisted that France's border should be extended along the precipitous rine the river should

become a barrier and shield under which the French could live in peace however British and American politicians

believed that the inclusion of German territories in France would be contrary to the 14 points and principles on which

the peace treaty was to be based the Allies opposed the demands of fos and France they obtained the support of the

French President of the Council of ministers George closo in exchange for the anglo-american guarantees of

France's defense the demilitarized zone and the complete and continued disarmament of Germany Germany lost all

its colonies which brought it wheat potatoes coal ores and other minerals in addition it was disarmed and had the

right to have the army of no more than 100,000 people with a long service life which did not allow accumulating

reserves and recruit Germany had to give 5,000 pieces of artillery 1,700 aircraft all its submarines despite F's protests

clono agreed us Vice President woodro Wilson British prime minister Lloyd George and George clono signed a treaty

of guarantee after all these trials Marshall fos commented on the signature of the Treaty of Versailles with

Incredible Precision this is not a piece but a 20-year truce despite everything the French leadership led by prime

minister Ron pocare wanted to create an independent German State under the control and protection of France however

it also had no chance of success over time it even reached the point where Franco Belgian troops invaded the rural

region in 1923 and captured important resource fields this caused outrage not only among the Germans but also among

the Allies the French occupation of parts of the German lands created a dispute between Lloyd George and poin

carare however under pressure from the United States and Britain the troops had to withdraw the following year although

World War II officially began in 1939 it was the consequence of a series of local conflicts that were unfolding in Europe

the complete collapse of the austr Hungarian Empire after the Treaty of San gerain and the Treaty of triol was a

real European tragedy for centuries this heir to the Holy Roman Empire has enabled many peoples to live side by

side and enjoy the benefits of Cooperative trade and security without it no people would have been able to

resist the pressure of a reborn Germany Austria lost the status of an Empire Hungary 75% of the territory and 3

million inhabitants in addition the Allied Bulgaria also lost the territory and 1 million population the League of

Nations suffered a severe Blow from the United States when the Republicans took power in the elections of 1920 the new

leadership abandoned the course set by President Wilson and took a more isolated position America's New View was

that the countries beyond the Atlantic needed to resolve their own conflicts as well as pay their debts the situation on

the mainland was aggravated by the complete victory of the Communist Regime in the former Russian Empire a month

after the beginning of the Paris conference war broke out between Poland and communist Russia active hostility

started a year later when polls were supported by the Ukrainian People's Republic against communist Russia the

Red Army wanted to get through Poland to Germany and spread the Socialist revolution around the world Germany and

Italy almost fell victim to communist designs and propaganda in this war there was the last Global Cavalry battle in

history about 20,000 Cavalry died then total losses were about 120,000 killed and even more injured after a Time the

initiative on the front went to the side of Poland so the first leader of the USSR Lenin decided to go to peace and in

March 1921 the party signed the Treaty of Ria Latvia gained independence Ukraine and bellarus became parts of the

USSR the following year the final victory of the Bolsheviks ended the Civil War in the USSR which cost about 7

Million Lives four times more than the losses during the first world war on the part of the Russian Empire communism was

still part ly spread around the world China began to form its own Communist party and Hungary was temporarily placed

under communist dictator bellacon at the 1921 Washington conference the Allies made a proposal

for maritime disarmament as a result England and the United States began to sink their battleships and Destroy

military bases such a strange decision was made in view of the thesis that not only the losers but also the winners

must give up weapons because of this France was condemned because it maintained its Army on the basis of

universal conscription the US UK relationship was not simple their cooperation was hampered by the British

Japanese Alliance eventually it was analled Japan got an unpleasant impression the British and western

states actually gave it a political slap in the face this was the first Missing Link for keeping the peace geiter Adolf

Hitler stirred up the soldiers hatred for the Communists and Jews in whom he saw guilt for the defeat of Germany

meanwhile his future Ally Benito musolini proposed to Italy a new form of government that would save the Italian

people from communism and also would ensure melini's dictatorship at the same time the Greco Turkish war ended with a

complete victory for the Ottomans led by Mustafa Ataturk who proclaimed the Republic of Turkey the following year

and became its first president the United States provided funding throughout Europe including Germany in

response however reparations were demanded and Germany remained under constant monitoring the only consequence

of such actions was a sense of enmity Germany could make reparations only from new loans from the United States which

received about 2 billion 1.5b from the United States and about 500 million from British depositors gave Germany the

opportunity to quickly eliminate the destruction as a result of loans in the late 1920s the US received only a fifth

part of what it allocated and then began a series of unfortunate coincidences the

consequences of greed and Imperial Ambitions it was started by hyperinflation in Germany while before

the war the US dollar was worth four 4.2 deut Mark in mid June 1923 it was 100,000 and in November it was 4.2

trillion a kilogram loaf of bread cost 680 million deuts marks 100 trillion deutschmark notes were issued Adolf

Hitler took advantage of the situation who began the so-called beer hall P together with his allies in Munich

Hitler fired at the ceiling of the bar and began shouting that he would form a new government under his command the

rebels managed to take Munich city council members hostage capture the Telegraph and telephone lines but the

bavarians had already reported a rebellion in Berlin the push ended with the arrest of the leaders and 14 pists

were killed by the police however the future dictator declared himself and was loved by the public Hitler was sentenced

to 5 years which his supporters considered too harsh a sentence as a result he spent less than a year Behind

Bars continuing his activities all the time there the future dictator began writing mine com in 1925 president

Friedrich Ebert died and the second and last German Reich president Paul Von Hindenberg came to power hyperinflation

has not only affected the Deutsch Mark the American dollar also survived its fall during the Great Depression because

of its position after World War I the United States was able to set a course for significant economic growth and the

1920s were a period of social flourishing the development of clubs Jazz Mafia and

Manufacturing however investment in production was much greater than was really necessary the so-called stock

market bubble burst leading to the bankruptcy of many businesses and the unpaid loans after all the countries

that received credit including Germany could not repay their debts the Soviet Union created an artificial Mass famine

in occupied Ukraine and began genocide to suppress the Revolutionary sentiments and national identity of ukrainians the

criminal authorities confiscated all crops of grain and other food from the villagers the League of Nations because

of Hitler's regime in Germany did not want to clash with Moscow so did not intervene only in November 2023 the

World Congress of homore genocide researchers of ukrainians was able to establish a correct figure of 10.5

million ukrainians on the other side of the world in the Pacific Ocean the political

unrest was happening as well Japan had a claim to Chinese Manchuria since the early 20th century when it won the Russo

Japanese war the Russian Empire could have won if it had more time and troops but Emperor Nicholas II decided to sign

the pece although the exact reasons for the decision are disputed in 1933 Japan refused to return Manchuria to China

stating that it was absolutely impossible the Land of the Rising Sun planned to expand its territory and

subsequently launched the Sino Japanese war which would continue until the end of World War II moreover the Japanese

empire withdrew from the League of Nations thus refusing to enhance collective security Japan's occupation

of territories in Manchuria showed that the consequences of violating the rules of the League of Nations were minimal

soon after ignoring the Manchurian conflict the League of Nations almost completely ignored the abisinia crisis

relations between Ethiopia and Italy have escalated and as a result there have been held several provocations

against each country the League of Nations voted for economic sanctions for Italy but they were not fully

implemented so they became virtually meaningless Britain and France even offered to give Italy 2/3 of Ethiopia

but even this did not suit the dictatorship Italy withdrew from the league and eventually annexed and

occupied abisinia 2 years later after winning the second Italy Ethiopian war during the war civilians became targets

of Italian artillery and Aviation Italy used poison gas although musolini denied using gas against civilians the

destruction of civilians became the norm form for Italians the ruler of Ethiopia H salassi the left the country and came

to Europe he gave a rebuke to the League of Nations it is us today he told the league it will be you tomorrow H salassi

would eventually return solemnly to the country's capital during World War II but officially the conflict with Italy

would end only 2 years after the conclusion of World War II so far Europe has only watched while Italy was

expanding its lands in Ethiopia riots broke out in neighboring Spain in 1936 Spain was shocked by the civil war

between Republicans and nationalists which will last until the outbreak of World War I the reasons are the same the

desire of the leading politicians to impose fascism and communism the rise in prices for food the export of capital by

the authorities unemployment after the death of the first leader of the rebels they were led

by the future dictator Francisco Franco the Communist Party of Spain Grew From 20,000 to 300,000 people the

nationalists were helped by Italy and the Third Reich the Republicans by the USSR within 3 years the rebels managed

to capture the entire country the Soviet Union eventually stopped supporting the Republicans but Franco on a religious

note worsened relations with Germany and Italy as a result of which he invited the German Legion Condor to return home

the Civil War resulted in at least half a million dead on both sides and 450,000 refugees Franco told the Spanish

that the war was over but those were only his own words even before the attack on Ethiopia the Third Reich tried

to organize anlos with Austria the United Kingdom and France Shrugged their shoulders although Bonito molini reacted

sharply and mobilized four divisions to come to Austria's Aid Hitler did not yet have his feet on the ground to wage war

against Italy so he did not send troops to Austria and without the reich's support the coup failed only Italy's

conflict with Ethiopia has United the dictators in the spring of 1938 during the Spanish War the Third Reich

initiated the anlos annexation of Austria despite the Geneva protocol which prohibited even economic

unification with Austria this time after negotiations and ultimatums Hitler ordered the troops to launch operation

Auto and occupy Austria moreover he had personally left for Vienna after seeing tank failure in traffic as a result the

dictator ordered his war machine to be reinforced which will also play a role in the future the world's reaction to

the occupation of Austria did not take place countries have begun to prepare their population industry and economy

for a new war the world has begun to understand what modern warfare is power was seized by Hitler musolini Stalin and

the imperialist Tendencies of the Japanese emperor hito became clear already in October 1938 the Reich

occupies the sudon land and the next year after the molotov ribbon trop pact the Third Reich and the USSR will attack

Poland officially starting with World War II a war that will change everything the dictators Adolf Hitler and Bonito

musolini did not live to see it through President Franklin Roosevelt and British prime minister Neville Chamberlain died

during the war and Chamberlain's successor Winston Churchill resigned the world learned what nuclear bombing is

the League of Nations self-destructed and the United Nations appeared instead the second world war profoundly changed

the world and left scars on it that still reminded of itself it was only after that the slogan never again really

stayed in people's [Music] hearts