Exploring America's Colonial History: The British Atlantic World (1660-1750)

hey what's going on AP people we have chapter three of America's history the eth Edition today again if you're using

another Edition it should match up pretty well for you and this one is on the British Atlantic World from 1660 to

1750 so let's get going in all right we're going to talk about colonies to Empire from 1660 to 17113 let's focus on

the restoration colonies and Imperial expansion um to understand colonies you need to understand what a proprietorship

is and this is a type of colony that is a royal Grant of land given to an individual by the English crown and they

could rule as they wish as long as it was within English law so unlike a charter in which groups of people pull

their money together a proprietorship is given to a single person and an example of a county that has a proprietorship is

Pennsylvania William Penn was given a royal Charter let's go to the Carolinas South Carolina established a strict

racial hierarchy and they did a lot of Plantation slavery there they focused on growing rice in the beginning let's go

back to William Penn in Pennsylvania he was a Quaker and Quakers believed that each person had an inner light they were

also pacifists which mean that they did not believe in fighting or Wars and they had no paid clergy they they really

believed in religious toleration as well they unlike many other English colonists paid Native Americans for their land

they treated Native Americans better than did most of their English counterparts and Penn sought to

establish what was called a holy experiment basically it's a place where many different religious groups could go

and he would also be able to make money out of it Quakers also believe that all people could attain salvation they did

not favor predestination as did the Puritans which was the idea created by John Kelvin and finally women had many

rights in church it's very important to know that women Quakers had more rights than other female colonists and they

could even become pre preachers and speak publicly in church services which is something that got Anne Hutchinson

into trouble in New England now let's talk about mercantilism to Imperial Dominion um let's understand the

Navigation Acts the Navigation Acts were laws that were passed by England that required all Goods to be carried on

English or Colonial ships so this idea that they could really only purchase English goods and purchase them from

English ships colonists could not trade with other countries such as France or Spain

but many colonists did get around by smuggling they did lots of smuggling of other foreign

Goods the Dominion of New England was established by England and this idea combined Massachusetts with the rest of

New England and later New Jersey and New York and this established essentially one colony and the leader was this guy

Sir Edmund Andros and assemblies were eliminated and a new governor was appointed this guy Sir Edmund Andros who

is very unpopular eventually the Dominion will end when the Glorious Revolution happens in England and Sir

Edmund Andros is actually going to escape the country by dressing up as a woman when he

flees now the Glorious Revolution is when King James II is overthrown and his daughter and

nephew who are married by the way are instilled as joint rulers so William and Mary become joint rulers the Declaration

rights establish a constitutional monarchy that limited the power of the monarchy so the king is not quite as

powerful anymore after the Glorious Revolution and then in America at the same time we have wiler's Rebellion

which was a rebellion against the Dominion of England and eventually ller and his followers are crushed and ller

was eventually hanged and decapitated as a way to show people not to rebel and this demonstrated tensions between the

lower class and the wealthy because ller represented people of lower wealth STP on over to Native

Americans the Native Americans were forced to the demands of Europeans the iry Indians located in New York used the

French and English against each other they used them as training partners and they also kind of Allied themselves with

each of the groups and played off the European groups against each other they sought to remain neutral in conflicts

between the two Powers the South Atlantic system is a trading system that involved the Caribbean Brazil and Africa

and let's focus on England and the West Indies Barbados became a major sugar producer using slave labor the Caribbean

is really going to focus on sugar production and fear was a significant force in slave

labor sugar was by far the most profitable crop in the Caribbean but it was very hard to grow it was very

arduous it took a long time and it was back breaking work and this is some of the worst areas for slaves to actually

be in would be the Caribbean growing sugar let's talk about the impact on Britain England gained tremendous wealth

through this South Atlantic trade system and the Navigation Act remember again colonist could only trade with England

so let's talk about the growth of the slave trade West Africa as we learned before in part due to Portugal and Spain

became a major player in the slave trade that's where Portugal in Spain first began to trade slaves 2third of the

slaves that were traded were men and as a result many African men in Africa then practice polygamy because

there was this gender gap between the two slaves would come over to the Americas on something called the middle

passage which is the voyage from Africa to the Americas it would last several weeks and these ships would be very

crowded and Incredibly unsanitary and just absolutely horrific conditions as many as one out of four one out of five

slaves died on these ships on the way over to the Americas slaves once they got to the Americas regularly work

10hour days in brutal heat again when I mentioned that sugar in the Caribbean was was so hard to produce and so back

break you think about the heat in the Caribbean versus say Maryland now they're both incredibly hot I wouldn't

want to work outside in either but the closer to the Equator you are the hotter it will be and many slaves suffer mental

and physical abuse as well as sexual exploitation you would see many slave owners having children with female

slaves all right slavery in Chesapeake at South Carolina in 1740 slaves made up 40% of the population in Chesapeake and

there was this drastic increase in slaves after SE 1676 do you remember what event happened in 1676 to increase

slaves Bacon's Rebellion is correct good job for getting that one right so slaves were defined by race and slave owners

could not be charged with a crime if they killed their slave so essentially slave owners could treat them as harshly

as they wanted and then there was nothing the law would do to protect slaves slavery was more arduous again as

I mentioned in the Caribbean raising sugar um often your your ankles would be in uh water or even Knee Deep Water

sometimes and there would be lots of bugs carrying diseases as well diseases were much more frequent in the West

Indies than they were in other areas in South Carolina again raised mostly rice and they were similar conditions to

Sugar plantations you had to work in water in rice patties it was very hot and very hard work in the Americas a

distinct African-American Community emerges um plantation owners purposely bought slaves from different areas of

Africa that did not speak the same language so it would be harder for these slaves to unite but they do build a

community Africans developed a unique blend of both African and American cultures You' see this in religion and

music and other areas as well and Afric and slaves absolutely did resist but it's not the open rebellions that people

tend to think it is slave resistance mostly took passive forms such as working slowly faking illness breaking

tools and running away it wasn't very common that you would see them actually an open Rebellion one example of a

rebellion though is the Stono Rebellion this is in South Carolina near Charleston about an hour drive from

Charleston today many slaves revolted and killed whites and they tried to flee to Spanish Florida where they would be

free and after this and other Rebellion so keep this in mind whether it's EST stona

Rebellion net Turner's Rebellion Denmark VC's Rebellion any Rebellion we'll learn about this year

that deals with slavery after that slave laws become much more strict and for slaves that even slaves that had nothing

to do with the stone of rebellion their lives would will be more difficult after this because of more strict slave laws

so let's talk about the rise of the Southern Gentry or high social classes wealthy plantation owners had tremendous

power no matter where they were in the South and they hope to prevent another Bacon's Rebellion again that Rebellion

from 1676 by lowering taxes encouraging small farmers to own slaves so this was a way to kind of pit the lower class

whites against slaves and they even gave some small farmers the right to vote let's go back up to the north now

and trade increased contact and Reliance between New England and the West Indies New England which ship goods to the West

Indies and the West Indies would ship goods to New England the now when we're talking about more cities here molasses

from the West Indies was turned into rum in New England and then New England would then ship that rum elsewhere and

the New England fishing industry sold fish to Europe and did very well it was very profitable a major ship building

industry immersed in New England um basically in New England the the the two major professions will be fishing and

ship building and onethird of the British Fleet by the 17 7s was built in New England that's pretty impressive in

society we have the merchant Elites that control a sizable portion of trade in New England so a really small amount of

people are controlling a lot of the trade and Artisans made up 50% of society we did have slaves and indued

servants that worked on docks But as time went on you had fewer and fewer of them and often children were forced to

work for their families in order to help provide for their families especially those lower class families

when we're talking about Colonial assemblies really only white property owning males could vote so it's a very

small percentage of the population that had the ability to vote many assemblies limited the power of the royally

appointed Governor so we really have two conflicting views here we have a royally appointed Governor by the crown and then

we have assemblies which elected which are elected by the colonists and each one of them is going to have a differing

view Elite families dominated politics and you would see that many members of One family would serve on the same

legislator so you would have lots of family members on the legislatures and crowds would not hesitate though to

protest Colonial acts deemed unpopular and these legislators were responsive to these protests Great Britain instituted

a policy called salutary neglect and holy C you have to know this start Circle it underline highlight it

whatever you have to do make sure you guys understand salutary neglect this was coined by this guy philosopher

Edmund Burke and essentially what this did was was that England left the colonies alone as long as they were

profitable they kind of let them develop on their own as long as they weren't directly going against English law and

they were making money but this ends however in 1763 with the Seven Years War which is also known as the French and

India war and the reason this ends is because Britain needed to pay for its debt from the war Britain begins to

protect this mertile system this this trade system that they have one way they do this was by establishing a buffer

colony Georgia between South Carolina and the Spanish in Florida and here is an early picture of Savannah Georgia if

you've ever been there we have a war we have several Wars break out one of them was war of Jenkins ear over this guy

Jenkins having his ear mutilated this was fought over land disputes between the Spanish and the British guys anytime

you see a war during this time it is over land whether it's with the Native Americans whether it's with the Spanish

whether it's with the French in the in the French and Indian war wars are fought over land American colonists

began to control more and more of the Atlantic trade and this led to a large increase in wealth for colonies and they

felt more powerful in 1733 Britain passed the Molasses Act which placed a high tariff on French molasses but the

colonists get around this what do you think they do they smuggle and again although Britain

discour trade with other countries colonists routinely smuggled good so it's that is the true American Pastime

guys is smuggling it's not baseball it is smuggling it's been going on on forever the Currency Act of 1751 was the

first of two currency acts which stated that the colonist had to pay in gold or silver and couldn't produce their own

money and this is something that would upset the colonist very much later all right let's do a quick recap of this

chapter definitely no Pennsylvania Quakers founded by William pen and it was the holy experiment Navigation Acts

for bid trade with any other country besides England transatlantic trade increased the demand for both sugar and

then slaves to work their sugar plantations definitely be familiar and be able to explain comparing slavery in

the Chesapeake with South Carolina and the West Indies the idea that was much more backbreaking and arduous in South

Carolina and the West Indies the Stono Rebellion like any other slave rebellion led to more harsh slave law solitary

neglect was when the British left the colonist alone to develop on their own and most conflict between countries

during this time and Native Americans was over land and colonist avoided British acts like the Navigation Acts by

smuggling again that is America's pastime it's all about smuggling all right guys thank you very much for

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