Comprehensive Python Course: From Basics to Advanced Mega Projects

This is Sallu Bhai's son, Ballu. Ballu didn't get a break in Bollywood. That's why he learned Python from the internet in 2 days.

He thought that by learning Python in 2 days, he'll get a 90 LPA job. He didn't get a 90 LPA job.

All he got was frustration. Why do I get an error every time? I don't want to do the recording.

Harry, you? What happened? Why is there so much noise? I've been trying to learn Python since then.

Nothing is happening. One error, then another error. How will I learn Python?

I'm following the proper road map. It'll be done. It's not that difficult. These things look good in theory.

Road map, project. I'm going to Bigg Boss' house. I don't want to do the recording.

I think I'll have to bring a new Python course. In which, latest features, how to use AI,

and how to get jobs. I'll learn Python from this aspect. Complete Python course with handwritten notes.

And how to use AI to learn Python. All this is ready with knowledge. Not only this,

I made this course keeping the job aspect in mind. If you learn Python through this course, you'll definitely get a job.

And I'll also tell you how to find a job and where. I've divided this course into many chapters. And for your practice,

I've made many practice sets for you. Not only this, we're going to make amazing projects.

Not light projects. Amazing, amazing AI projects. There's only one prerequisite of this course.

And that is your time. If you bring your time, I'll teach you how to do machine learning with complete Python.

Artificial intelligence programs. Data science. Web development.

General scripting. And this list goes on and on. I'll teach you how to do all this.

So, let's not waste time. Let's go to the computer screen. And let's get started.

According to Stack Overflow, Python is the most loved and easiest language. To do this course,

you don't need to know any language. Even if your Python is the first language, you can do this course easily and well.

In fact, the purpose of this course is to teach you your first programming language. So, I'd like to open my Python handbook here

and talk about what is programming. I'll give you this ultimate Python handbook along with cheat sheet,

along with notes, which I've written by hand. There are many more things for you,

like source code. There are many more things which I'll tell you in the coming time.

But let's focus on what is programming. Just like we use Hindi and English to communicate with each other,

we use programming language like Python to communicate with the computer. If we want to say something to the computer,

like, sum two numbers, we can't say, like Amitabh Bachchan,

like, Mr. Computer, sum two numbers. No, we can't say that. We have to write a proper program.

And we'll write that program through a programming language. Just like you talk to a Chinese person

in Chinese, you talk to a French person in French, whatever language you understand,

you talk to them in that. Similarly, you talk to the computer in programming languages like Python.

C, C++, Java, Rust, Ruby, Golang, JavaScript, these are all programming languages. But in this video,

we're going to learn Python. Why did I choose Python as your first language

if you're a beginner? Because Python is simple, it's easy to understand,

and it feels like you're reading simple English. Yes, it feels like you're reading plain and simple English.

And I'm not saying this. These are the people who have learned Python.

And this is the general opinion in the industry that Python is so easy that it feels like you're reading

plain and simple English. Now, after watching this whole course, you'll think this course is too big.

In fact, this course is too small. This course is not big because I have learned all the Python

along with projects, along with my experience, which I have gained

after struggling so much. I have learned so many things that I am going to teach you in a video.

So yes, this video is small, boss. This is the pseudocode nature of Python, that is, the easy-to-understand nature

that it feels like you're reading English. This nature makes it understandable among beginners.

For example, look at this program. This is a program to sum up five numbers, which I have written in just ten lines of code.

Then look at this program. This is a program to equally distribute the expense of a trip among three friends.

Suppose three friends are going on a trip to equally bear everyone's expenses, then this program will equally split

the total expense among the three. Then this third program is amazing, which is Jarvis.

Whatever you say, he will do. Jarvis opens YouTube. You will give voice commands

and he will obey the voice commands. I will tell you once again that this course is absolutely free

and I am not going to sell you anything in this course. So you guys watch it completely and you will learn Python.

You don't have to buy anything. I am not going to sell you anything. Let's talk about the features of Python.

It is easy to understand, that is, the development time is very short. If you want to write a script

which is an assistant and you talk to people, basically your computer,

it is very easy to write such scripts in Python. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, it is very easy to write all these things in Python

because it has dedicated libraries. It is free, it is open source. By the way, we will talk about libraries

in the coming time, but it is free. You don't have to pay for it.

It is open source. It is high-level language. High-level language means

that you talk to it from above and it translates your code in low-level instruction and executes it in the machine.

The hardware is our computer, like our CPU, RAM, GPU. All this comes in our hardware

and the software is the instructions which are executed on that hardware. Our Python script is also a kind of software

which is going to be run on our hardware and will instruct our hardware what to do with it.

For example, if you want to sum two numbers, then through software, that is, through a Python program,

you will tell that I want to sum two numbers and then you can easily sum two numbers. Basically, we give code to the Python interpreter

which is written in the Python script and it converts that Python script into the machine language.

The Python interpreter takes the Python script from us and gives the machine code to the computer which the computer easily understands.

You cannot talk directly to the hardware. You will have to talk through software. Python programming language

is a way to make this kind of software. I hope that makes sense. Even if it doesn't,

if you are a beginner, it will make sense in the future. It's fun to work with

plus it's portable. That is, if you have written a code in Linux, Windows,

even if it is written on Mac, then your code is going to run. However, I will tell you more about this in the future.

But Python is portable and it's fun to work with. Let's not waste time

and install Python. To install Python, I will simply come to Google

and write Python install. And as soon as I write Python install, I will get a page with the download Python title.

Which will be the first page. And you will get a button which says download Python 3.12.3.

I will click on it. And the Python setup has been downloaded. This setup of 25 MB has been downloaded very quickly.

And after this, I will open it. And as soon as I open it, I will see a window like this.

Here it is very important for you. And I want to emphasize this that you guys check this

at python.exe to path. It's really very important that you guys follow this step.

After this, click on install now. And it will start installing. It will take some time

depending upon how fast your system is. My computer is very fast. That's why it's getting very fast.

But you got the point. It will also happen in your computer. Even if it is slow, it will happen.

It will take time. It will take time. It will be correct.

It will happen. And setup was successful. I am very excited.

I will close this. And before we start coding, we will install one more piece of software.

And this time we will write Download VS Code. As soon as we write Download VS Code,

the first link we will get will be of Download VS Code. We will open this.

As soon as we open this, here you will be given options for Windows, Linux, and Mac.

I am in Windows. That's why I will download Windows. If you are in Mac, Linux,

or in any other machine, download for that. If you are in Apple Silicon,

download for Silicon. If you are in Apple's Intel laptop, download for Intel.

But for now, I will download for Windows. It has started downloading.

The internet connection is very fast. I pay a lot of money for my internet. I have collected that.

I have downloaded it as soon as possible. We will open this. And we will read the License Agreement.

I will read this License Agreement fully. This License applies to Visual Studio and other damages.

And yes, I agree to this agreement. I will click on Next. Make sure that you have checked

all these check boxes. We will click on Next. We will click on Install.

And it's going to install now. And you can see here that it has been installed.

Now I will click on Finish. And my Visual Studio code will be launched. I will change a quick setting for you.

You have to search for mouse wheel here. And you have to check this setting. This is very important.

Then you have to click on Extensions and download the Python extension. You have to search for Python here.

Click on Install. And as soon as you click on Install, it will be installed.

Basically, it becomes easy to code in Python programming language if we use it.

So yeah, it was that easy. Just install it like a game. I am very excited

to write my first Python program. And we are going to do the same in the next chapter.

So yeah, see you in the next chapter. Before moving ahead, I want to tell you

a very interesting story. Python was created by Guido van Rossum in 1991.

He had created a new programming language for which he was looking for a name. And he couldn't think of a name.

He was watching a British comedy series named Monty's Flying Circus. He wanted a short, unique,

and a little mysterious name. And he named it Monty Python's Flying Circus.

Guido van Rossum is a genius who first worked in Google and then he joined Dropbox.

And now he works in Microsoft. If you are looking for a job, Python programming language

is perfect for you. I am not saying this Python course is the latest.

I will include all the things that have come in Python in the recent years.

And some features have been added in the latest version. So we are going to cover all those things.

Now I am very excited because we are going to write our first Python program.

And our first chapter is Module, Comments, and Pip. What are these three things?

First of all, I will show you by writing the first program. We will make a folder from here

so that things are organized. See, I also have to give you the source code.

So from that perspective, I will make a new folder for you whose name I am going to keep

Chapter 1. I will go inside Chapter 1. I would like to tell you

that if you have installed exactly like I have installed VS Code,

then you can right click and select the option Open with Code

so that VS Code will open in this folder. That is, whatever files will be in this folder,

like if I made a file here, I will make a file here. Let's say I make a main.py

or I make a first.py. I think first.py is a better name. I made first.py.

.py is an extension. You can click here and make a new file in VS Code.

What is VS Code? VS Code is an editor for us to write code.

Can we write in Notepad? Yes, we can write. But it won't be that efficient.

Okay, you should understand this thing. The second thing is I wrote first.py here.

.py means it is a Python script. Now you see, as soon as I wrote first.py here,

first.py came here too. So opening this folder in VS Code means the file I am making here

I will see that file here too. That means this folder is open. Now whatever I type here,

it will be saved in this file. If you have enabled autosave in the file, then you don't need to press ctrl s.

Whatever you write, it will be saved. So make sure

that you have turned on autosave. Just like me. Now what I will do here,

I will write print. And I will put a double quote here. And you see,

as soon as you put a double quote, automatically this double quote will also close.

And if you write hello world, then here

hello world will be printed when you run this program. Now what do you have to do

to run this program? You click on the terminal here. What did I do here?

As you can see, I am bringing my mouse arrow here. So it is showing me like this.

I can take it up like this. And by clicking on the terminal here, I will write python.

And after that I will write first.py. That means I am telling python

to run the first.py script. I will hit enter and you see

hello world is written here. What does it mean? It means

that this script is running and I got to see its output. What does output mean?

When we run a program, it has an output. In this case,

that output is hello world. As you can see. So congratulations,

you have written your first python program. You guys in the comment section below,

do write congratulations by liking this video. Like the video

and in the comment section below, congratulations to all of us learners.

Now what I will do here, I will tell you what is a module.

What is a module? And what is a pip? We wrote our first python program.

We understood what .py is. .py is an extension. When we make your python program,

then we write the name of that file as .py. Like you must have seen

movies.mp4. Game setup is .exe. In the same way,

we use python file .py extension. Now let's talk about what is a module

and what is a pip? Module is a file containing code

written by somebody else. What does it mean? It means that

usually this code is written by somebody else. And we can use it

in our program in the same way. Now what does it mean?

Suppose I tell you guys that you have to find the harmonic mean

of five numbers. You have to find the arithmetic mean.

If you have to write its program, then you will write it

from scratch. You will code the whole logic one by one.

But if you automatically get a module which you can install

with the help of pip, then you can use somebody else's code

in your program. How does it work? I will show you guys.

With the help of pip, you can install any module.

Now there are many modules. For example, there is a module called flask

which helps you in making web apps. There is a framework called Django

which also comes as a package, as a module

which you install by typing pip install django. There are many more

modules in python which we can install by typing pip install

and then using its name we can install it. So I will show you guys

a few modules which I will install. You have to come to the terminal

and simply type pip install flask. And as soon as I type

pip install flask, my flask will be installed. You can see

successfully installed flask. And after this I can import it

by typing import flask. And to give you guys an example of a module,

I will show you a very interesting package. Let me show you, whose name is pyjokes. You can install it by typing pip install pyjokes.

So I will come here in my terminal and I will type pip install pyjokes. I have created a new file by clicking here with the name module.py. Now you can see here that successfully installed pyjokes.

That is, pyjokes has been successfully installed. Now what I will do here, I will import pyjokes. And you see, as soon as I write pyj, it automatically suggested me pyjokes.

And this is the reason why we use VS Code. Because we get all the features that we may not get by typing in notepad or any other editor. Now I will write here joke is equal to pyjokes.

And I will write here get joke. And then I will write print joke. I will tell you all this step by step.

But now I just want to show you what is the package. So look, it has given me a joke. What's the object-oriented way to become wealthy?

It's inheritance. Let's see if it gives a new joke by running again. Yes, it's giving a new joke.

How many programmers does it take to kill a cockroach? Two, one holds, the other installs windows on it. So this is a windows joke.

But I am a windows fan by the way. So this is the module. Look, I didn't write this code to write jokes.

I imported pyjokes. And automatically I can print a random joke on my computer. So I didn't write the code.

I used someone else's code. But I used someone else's code and printed the joke. That means I achieved the ultimate task.

Which ultimately matters. The documentation of pyjokes is here. You can do everything here.

But that was just an example. We will see many more things later. So pyjoke was a module.

We installed it with the help of pip. Pip is the package manager for python. You can use pip to install a module on your system.

Like pip install flask, pip install pyjoke. So we have two types of modules. One built-in module and one external module.

Now we will see how python can be used as a calculator. I will tell you that if you open the terminal of your computer. Which you can open by right-clicking on the terminal in windows.

And if you are in mac or linux, you can open the terminal. From spotlight search or by going directly to search. Now what I will do here, because I am on windows.

I opened the terminal from here. Once your terminal is open, you write python. And as soon as you write python.

It will tell you the version and date of python. When this version was built. And after that you can write here.

Let's say I write 5 plus 6. And it is showing me 11. Wow, this is amazing.

Let's try multiplication. 4 multiplied by 2. Wow, 8.

You are doing multiplication very well. You are doing everything right. Let's try something else.

Let's give it a little trick. Not like this. Let's give it a trick.

Will it be able to do it? Maybe it will be able to do it, maybe not. And it is able to do it.

So even if we give it a tricky calculation. Still it is able to do it. Which means that we can use python as a calculator.

So to use python as a calculator. We simply write python. Enter it in the terminal.

And it opens RAPL. RAPL stands for Read Evaluate Print Loop. Now what is this Read Evaluate Print Loop?

Read Evaluate Print Loop means. It will read and evaluate. For example, I entered 6 plus 5.

So it read and evaluated it. It said it is 11. And printed it.

And went back to the loop. It will read, evaluate and print. Then it will go to the loop.

For example, if I write here 3. Multiplied by 6. So it read it.

Evaluated it. Printed it. And then repeat.

Now it is saying again. So Read Evaluate Print Loop. It is called RAPL.

So if someone asks you what is RAPL? So this is RAPL in python. So if you want to write python.

You can fire python like this. In the terminal and write. Will my print hello world work?

It should work. Yes it is working. So whenever we want to execute anything through python.

We can write it in RAPL. We can write print. After that we wrote hello world.

Entered it. If I make a syntax error here. If I write anything.

Which is not valid in python. So will it work? No, it is giving me an error.

So it will give an error. If it is valid, then it will work. If it is not valid, then it won't work.

So you have to keep this in mind. So we saw what is RAPL. Read Evaluate Print Loop.

Now let's talk about comments. If you come here. I wrote import pyjokes.

This was our program. With which we printed the joke. If I run it and show you.

How many programmers does it take to change a light bulb? None. That's a hardware problem.

So this is a joke. A programmer can't fix a light bulb. Because it is a hardware problem.

So go and call an electrician. So if I write print. Like I wrote hello world.

Printing jokes. If I run it again. So you will see.

Printing jokes. If you play a windows cd backwards. You will hear.

Satanic chanting. If you play it forwards. It installs windows.

So this is a windows joke. If you understood. Now I want this line.

To remain in my program. But not execute. I want a way to ignore it.

So what I can do. By clicking on this line. Control forward slash.

So this comment will be out. By pressing ctrl forward slash. VS code put a pound symbol.

Pound symbol is. Symbol for. Comments.

To write a single line comment. You have to start with pound. Whichever line starts with pound.

Python will automatically ignore it. You should know this. Now why do we use comment.

Sometimes we have to put comments. In our program. Like I want to write.

This prints a random joke. Now if I write it like this. I want to tell you.

That the line below. Is printing a random joke. I want to indicate this.

For fellow programmers. I want to write this line. Now if I run it like this.

Invalid syntax. But I want to keep this line. So the way to keep this line is.

Single line comment. By pressing ctrl forward slash. It will be uncomment.

By pressing ctrl forward slash again. It will be comment. VS code is showing it in green color.

Because VS code wants to tell you. Python interpreter will ignore this line. So if you run it.

This line will be considered. As part of this program. It will be ignored.

So simply a joke will be printed here. And the rest of the comment lines. Will be ignored.

So if you want. It to be uncomment again. By pressing ctrl forward slash.

You can toggle it. So this was single line comment. Sometimes we have.

Very long comment. And we need multiline comment. So this is the way to write.

Multiline comment. Multiple lines will be ignored. Single line comment will be ignored.

Multiline comment is the way. To write triple double quotes. And it will be ignored.

For example. If I come back to VS code. If I write triple double quotes.

And I write something like this. So thanks. That was my program.

If I run it. So thanks that was my program. It is not printed.

It was ignored. Because it was a multiline comment. So it was ignored.

So this is multiline comment. This is single line comment. Now I will tell you something amazing.

Since we have. Good IDEs and text editors. Since then we use.

Only single line comment. Most of the programmers. Use single line comment.

Suppose you have multiple lines. There are many lines. One more line.

And suppose I write. Yet another line. And we have many more lines.

What happens is. If I want to comment all of them. I will select.

Control forward slash. And it will comment individually. It is difficult to do it manually.

That's why multiline comments were made. But with the help of IDE. With the help of text editors.

We can select lines. Control forward slash. Comment or uncomment.

If I want to comment only these three lines. Control forward slash. Comment uncomment.

Good. Now we will comment it out. Otherwise there will be an error.

If I don't comment it out. There will be an error. What is this?

That's why I will comment it out. If I comment it out. There will be no error.

Everything is working fine. This is Microsoft attack. Why did Microsoft name their search engine Bing.

Because it's not Google. Now what we will do. We have seen the comment.

We will come back to this handbook. Handbook is very important. I will tell you all the links.

How you can download the handbook. How you will get cheat sheets. Just stay in this course.

And it is my responsibility to teach you Python. We have seen two types of comments. We write single line comments like this.

We put a pound symbol and it is ignored. After this we have seen multi-line comments. Triple double quote or triple single quote.

You can also use triple single quote. You can also use triple double quote. To write multi-line comments.

So this was about our comments. Now we will go to chapter 1 practice set. Let me tell you.

In practice sets. I will make you talk after every chapter. In these practice sets there will be problems.

Which I will make you solve. I will give you the solution. So that you can practice.

And you can understand the concepts. So let's go to chapter 1 practice set. So let's go to chapter 1 practice set.

So brothers and sisters. I have become a big fan of organizing things. So I will make a new folder in the name of chapter 1 PS.

I will close our existing folder. I will close it. I will choose the option of open with code.

If you are not getting the option of open with code. It means that at the time of installation. The checkboxes that I told you to stick.

You didn't do that. And if you want to fix it. Then install VS code again.

By sticking those checkboxes. Without installing, you run the setup again. Stick those checkboxes.

Your open with code option will come. Now I will click on plus here. After clicking on plus, I will make a new file.

Problem1.py I will hit enter. And this is our problem 1.

Now let's see what was our problem 1. Now see here. If your select interpreter is coming here.

Then you select the interpreter. I will select the 3.12 which I have just installed. So this has become my default interpreter.

If you can see below. It's a very good thing. What is the first question of chapter 1?

Write Twinkle Twinkle Little Star Poem in Python. Write a program. Let's google it first.

Twinkle Twinkle Little Star Poem has come here. After that, we will scroll down here.

Where is the poem? I have made the whole page. And you guys copy paste it like this.

The question is very simple. Write a program to print Twinkle Twinkle Little Star Poem in Python.

How will you do it? It's very simple. You will use print.

If you do it in double quotes. Then it will not work. So what you have to do?

You have to put triple single quotes. Put triple single quotes like this. And put triple single quotes again.

What did I do? I didn't tell you this. So I told you through this practice set.

Either you print all the lines one by one. Print Twinkle Twinkle Little Star Print How I Wonder What You Are

Print Up Above The World So High Print Like A Diamond In The Sky Instead of doing all this,

You can print multi lines with triple single quotes or triple double quotes. We talked about comments.

We said that comments can be done with triple single quotes and triple double quotes.

But now I want to tell you that you can use triple single quotes and triple double quotes

to print multi lines. Or if I keep it more professionally. Then I will say that

you can also make multi line strings. So that was the take away. Let's run it and yes

our poem will be printed. Wow! Amazing! Poem is printed. Problem is solved. Question number 2.

Use Ripple and print the table of 5 using it. You have to solve all the problems. Try to solve it yourself.

And if you say that I don't have time. Now JCB will be installed outside. And when JCB will start digging,

everyone will stand up to see. It will look like there is no time. If I ask you to ask questions,

you have to try all the questions yourself. Use Ripple and print the table of 5 using it. So how will you do it using Ripple?

First of all, I will open the terminal here. What is Ripple? What did you say? What is Ripple?

I told you in chapter 1. Write Python like this. And as soon as you write Python,

it will come to you like this. Now what do you have to do here? You have to write 5 into 1.

It's 5. 5 into 2. 5 into 3. 5 into 4.

5 into 5. 5 into 6. Why are you doing it manually?

Yes, I know that it can be done more efficiently. And I will tell you in the coming chapters. But now we have printed the table of 5.

Using Ripple. Using Python. So this way you can print the table of 5.

Question number 2 is solved. Question number 3. Install an external module and use it to perform

an operation of your interest. Which external module do you want to install? We saw that there are two types of modules.

Built-in and external. We have to install the external module. And then after installing the external module,

we have to use it. So to solve question number 3, I am going to use a very interesting module.

whose name is PyTTX. Which is used for Python text-to-speech.

So I have installed pip. I will install PyTTSX3, I will simply bring my terminal here, so I will install PyTTSX3, I will bring my terminal, I will press ctrl V, I will hit enter and you see it has been installed here and it is very easy to use it, simply copy this code and whatever I type, it will speak, okay, it's good, let's run it

I will speak this text, wow, so here we can't speak Hindi, but again you got the point, okay, so we can write in English, we will write anything in English, I will write Hey I am good, so it will play Hey I am good Now you can use any module, this was my choice of module, which I installed an external module, then I used it to perform an action, you can install Pygame You can basically use anything and there are a lot of useful modules in Python, and as we move forward, you will know how to use the modules, now the next question says

Write a Python program to print the contents of a directory using the OS module, now yes, we will do this with chat gpt, now you will say why are we doing it with chat gpt, you are teaching chat gpt here So I give you the justification for this, we are using chat gpt because if we want to survive in this AI era, then we should know how to use AI, and for that I will tell chat gpt to give me the program to print the content of a directory from the OS module So let's go to chat gpt now, so here you can see that chat gpt is open and what I will do here is that I will ask a question from it and why not copy and paste it directly, so I will do ctrl c here and ctrl v here and it will tell me this

In fact, it is searching online, but I don't want it to search, now look here, I will copy this code and I will paste it by doing problem 4, so I will come to this code now, I have made problem 4.py here and I will paste it, now it is saying that give me the path of your directory here, so why not give only slash here and as soon as I run it, you can see that it has listed all the files and folders in my C drive Okay, if I tell it here that tell me what is in the slash new folder and f is small here, then it will tell me what is in the slash new folder, there is audio, there is card 1, there is card 2, amazing, so we can list files and directories in a specific path and you can see that the code that AI has generated for me is how well commented and accurate, you can see the use of comments, AI is also doing it, it is telling us what is the use of which line, so amazing Throughout the course, I am going to use AI because we are going to solve a bigger problem, but I will request you that you don't use AI too much, I just want to tell you that by using AI, you can make a very big program with a little knowledge and I want you to use it, but until we reach chapter 4 or 5, I will request you not to use AI until you get the concepts of the whole python

5th question says, label the program written in problem 4 with comments, AI has already labeled it with comments, so you know what the solution of this problem is, usually the code we get online does not label with comments, but here AI has automatically labeled with comments, so you can delete these comments and write again with comments, you can say to AI that give me the program without comments, just for your learning, you can say give me this program without comments, and you can see that it has given without comments, I will copy and paste it, then I will write comments, so first of all I will write here, select the directory whose content you want to list, I have commented it with ctrl forward slash, I will capitalize it, then after this, use the OS module to list the directory content, then after this, I don't know what is for at this point, I used AI, but if I just do print content here, then it will work, now how is it doing it, leave all this, we have only run the online program, now if it doesn't have it, then I will slash it, there is no folder named directory path on my computer, but you can see here that it has listed all the content,

this is amazing, I love it, and here I will write print the contents of the directory, so this is the program which is commented, plus lists the content of your directory, so that was practice set 1, now we will go to chapter 2, where we will learn about variable and data type, I am very excited, let's go Alright guys, so chapter 2 is our variable and data type, and I will say that your real python starts from here, what is variable, what is data type, I will tell you everything, and I will make your fundamental so strong in python that you will never have any problem, so variable is the name given to a memory location in a program, what does that mean, you may not have understood by reading this statement, but I will also come here, where I have organized for you all, I will give you all this, handbook, handwritten notes, cheat sheet, project source code, I will give you everything, I will click on open with code, so that our folder opens in VS code, click on plus, and here I will make a python program named variables.py, so I made a python program named variables.py, what is variable, if you write here a is equal to 1, b is equal to 2,

and if I print a plus b, then what will happen, a is equal to 1, b is equal to 2, and if I print a plus b, then 3 will be printed, so if I run this program, then its output will be 3, as you can see, so what is a here, a is a variable, what is b, b is also a variable, you can consider a variable as a container, what is a container, like in your kitchen there is lentil, rice, flour, there are many other things in the kitchen, so in your kitchen there is a box, you can store things in the box, so if I bring this analogy here, so here this is a box, in which I put 1, so a is a container, in which I put 1, 1 is a number, so in a comes 1, so whenever I say a, what will it mean, it means give me 1, now let's say there is a red box, there is a blue box, there is sugar in the red box, and there is lentil in the blue box, if I say give me a red box, then what does it mean, it means give me sugar, so whether you call it a red box or sugar, it is the same thing, in the same way, when I said a is equal to 1, then 1 is stored in a, what will happen is that in your RAM, your random access memory, in that, on the memory location named a, 1 is stored, so we will not go into more details, we will just consider the variable as a container and say that 1 has come in that container, in the same way, b is equal to 2 means that 2 has come in b,

let's come back to the handbook, a is equal to 30 means that 30 has come in a, a is equal to Harry means that Harry has come in a, why is there a double quote, double quote means string, and if I write h-a-r-r-y like this, then it will give an error, but I wrote it in a double quote, so I marked it like a string, and it is important to mark it like a string because if there is another variable named Harry, then the Python interpreter will know that I am not talking about it, I am talking about Harry as a string, in the same way, I wrote c is equal to 71.22, so a floating point number has come here, here a is the name of the variable and 1 is a constant value, b is the name of the variable, 2 is a constant value, here we can also call b as an identifier, identifier means that the name used to identify, if your name is Rohan, then your Rohan is an identifier and the value of Rohan is that you are, you understand something like this, identifier means the name by which the name is called, if you say this is a cat, then the cat is an identifier, which identifies, you know that there is a cat image in your mind, so cat is an identifier, in the same way, identifiers are used to denote which variable is being talked about, if I write here c is equal to 7, and if I write here name is equal to double quote, so I am Harry, double quote means that I am talking about a string,

if I don't put a double quote, then this Harry will look for another identifier, which is not there, and that's why he is giving me an error, saying that Harry is not defined, so what does double quote mean, double quote means that a string is being talked about, name is equal to double quote Harry, as soon as I did it, it will understand that I am talking about Harry as a string, then whenever I print name, then Harry will be printed, so this was identifier, now let's talk about data types, if I talk about Harry, it is a floating point number, which has a decimal, and if I talk about Harry, it is a string, which we also write in double quote, so there are three different types of data types, primarily if I talk about integers, floating point numbers, strings, booleans, and none, these are the main data types, what comes in integers, 1,2,3,4 numbers, what comes in floating point numbers, 7.22, 8.74, 7.221, all these are floating point numbers, then in strings, whatever you write in double quote, it becomes a string, so what I will do here, I will make a file named data types.py, data types.py, and let's do one thing, let's number them, so that you know, which program was made first, which was made after that, because I don't just trust you to teach, I want you to get the source code as well, so here if I write a is equal to 1, then I will write a is an integer,

then if I write b is equal to 5.22, then I will write b is a floating point number, then if I write c is equal to Harry, then I will write c is a string, then if I write d is equal to true, which can also be false, and capital F will be false, capital T will be true, true, false, this is the boolean data type in Python, sometimes we have to store only this much, that is it true or false, yes or no, then we use boolean variables, true, false, these are boolean variables, now you see here I write d is a boolean variable, so this is our boolean variable, now if I write here e is equal to none, what is this, e is a none type variable, now why are we storing none, why, what is the need, sometimes we have to mark that there is nothing in this variable, nothing, to mark nothing, we use none, now some of you will say that to mark nothing, we can also use false, no, false yes or no, when we have to identify anything in yes or no, then we use boolean variables,

but if I have to denote that there is nothing in a particular variable, then I will use none type variable, I hope that is clear, now we will talk about rules for defining variable names, now you tell me one thing, your name can be Rohan, Akash, Izan, Sameer, but have you seen a person whose name is 722xy underscore kp at the rate, it doesn't happen, if you have seen it, then it will be a sample, I have never seen it, and it doesn't happen, now don't comment that I have seen it, if you have seen it, then do it, but I tell you that there is a rule to define the name, there is a rule that his name can be this, Srishti can be this girl's name, this girl's name is underscore at the rate bb at the rate, there is no copyright symbol, it doesn't happen, in the same way, there is a rule in Python programming language, you can keep the name of this variable a, you can keep b, you can keep c, you can keep d, you can keep e, but there are some rules, what you can't keep, I will tell you now, so I will make a file here with the name of 03 underscore rules underscore variables dot py, and I will show you that a is equal to 23 will work, aaa is equal to 435 will work, harry is equal to 34 will work, sameer is equal to 45 will work,

underscore sameer is equal to 34 will also work, but at the rate sameer is equal to 56 will not work, you can see that a red color has been given to us by the pylons, that brother, see this will not work, how will we know what will work and what will not work, we read the rules to give the name of the variable, if we understand those rules, then we will find out whether the name of the variable is valid or invalid, come on, let's read the rules, let's come to the handbook, and you see, a variable name can contain alphabets, digits and underscores, see, in the name of the variable, there can be alphabets which are from a to z, there can be digits which are from 0 to 9, there can also be underscores, underscores are symbols by pressing shift and dash, you will see in your keyboard, this one is key, see, you can see this one, this one is key, see, I have to show you underscores too, so there can be alphabets, there can be digits, there can also be underscores, but the variable name can start only from the alphabet or underscore, that is, you can use any character from a to z to start, you can also use underscore to start, you cannot use numbers to start, it will not start from 0, 0 Sameer is not a valid variable name, 1 Sameer is also not there, 1 Srishti is also not there, 1 Divya is also not there, 3 Katrina is also not there, okay, so according to this, you will have to follow this rule, you will have to follow this rule, the third rule says that a variable name can't start with a digit,

it can only start with an alphabet or underscore, it can't start with a digit, it can't be a white space in the name of a variable, this is our fourth rule, our fourth rule says that there can be no white space in the name of a variable, nor can it be a special character, we have talked about underscore, it can be that, it can be alphabets, it can be digits, it can be underscores, so if you understand these four rules to define a variable, then you will tell that the variable is allowed or not, now you see here, if I come back, then underscore Sameer is valid, why was it not valid, because it started with add the rate, okay, what is this, valid variable name, it is not there, it has a symbol of add the rate, a special character has come, if it was underscore, then it would have worked, add the rate will not work, okay, so great, you should understand this thing, okay, so these were the rules for defining variables, this is invalid, this is also invalid, I will add the rate here

So this is invalid due to add the rate symbol This is invalid because it has add the rate There can't be add the rate in the name of variable

Now you will say why such rules were made in python programming language Such rules were made in python programming language because There are some things that python interpreter uses internally

This add the rate, we will see when we will read object oriented programming Where it is used, where is this add the rate used What is decorator, I will tell you everything

And then you will know why such rules were made These rules were made so that you can enjoy python programming So that you don't get confused

That's why these rules were made This name is valid, this name is invalid You can use this, you can't use this, that's it

To talk like this That's why these rules were made for you Now let's come back to operators in python

What are operators? If you have studied a little maths If you have studied maths of 5th and 6th

Then you will know There are plus minus times divide arithmetic operators Everyone knows this

But in programming there are assignment operators Is equal to assignment operator When I will write a is equal to 1

Is equal to an assignment operator Which is saying to put 1 in a It is saying that I will call this memory location with name a

In which 1 store is there a is a container in which 1 store is there So equal to is an assignment operator

Plus equal to is also an assignment operator Minus equal to is also an assignment operator Then we have comparison operators

Which are used to compare two things Like if I say 1 equals to equals to 1 Is 1 equals to equals to 1

If I have written 1 equals to equals to 1 If this is true then it will return true Otherwise it will return false

We will see how it works Then we have logical operators AND, OR, NOT

How do they work? We will also see this So we will see these operators one by one

So first of all we will see arithmetic operators When we write 7 plus 4 is equal to 11 Then 7 and 4 are called operands

And the plus you see is called operator And 11 after equal to is called result So I will come here

04 underscore operators dot py I will make a file And we will start with arithmetic operators

What are arithmetic operators? If I say a is equal to 34 And I say b is equal to 4

And I write print Or I write c is equal to a plus b And then I print c

Print function is there Which is helpful in printing in python programming If I run this program

It is 38 If I go to my 7 plus 4 example You will see 11

As you can see 7 and 4 is 11 So this was arithmetic operator

I will make it concise So that you can understand it easily After this we will talk about assignment operators

When I write a is equal to Suppose I write 4 minus 2 So equal to is assignment operator

So I write assignment operators What is it saying? Assign 4 minus 2 in a

If I write a plus equal to I write 3 Suppose I write b is equal to 6

I want to make it easy And I say b plus equal to 3 So I am saying

Increment the value of b by 3 And then assign it to b Means increase b value by 3

And then make b equal to that value So what was the value of b? It was 6

3 will be added to b Means 3 will be added to 6 6, 3, 9

9 will be printed So let's print both of them Here I do print a

And here I do print b So if I do print b here So what will happen?

Now see once 2 came here Once 9 came What is 4 minus 2?

It is 2 And what is 6 and 3? It is 9

So what was added to the existing value of b? 3 was added to the existing value of b Because I wrote b plus equal to 3

What if I wrote b minus is equal to 3? If I say b minus is equal to 3 And I comment this line

And I say b is equal to 6 And after that I say b minus is equal to 3 So I am saying

Subtract 3 from b So what will be 6 minus 3? It will be 3

So b value will be 3 As you can see So I adjust this

I decrement the increment And decrement the value of b by 3 And then assign it to b

In the same way If I make it star 6 will become 18

If I divide it 6 by 3 will become 2 So you see 2.0 came here

But I will minus it again Because I have written decrement here But you got the point

You got the point What are assignment operators? We will talk about comparison operators

And about comparison operators I will tell you a very interesting fact That their return value is always a boolean

Means if I write a equals to And I write 7 greater than 3 So either it will be true or false

So it will be true or false in a Let me explain You won't understand comparison operators

Until I show it in code So I write here Comparison operators

And here you can see Suppose I write here I use something else

Maybe I use d Here I will write d is equal to And I wrote 5 is less than 4

And I print d So I am saying 5 is less than 4 in d

I used a comparison operator Which is less than Is 5 less than 4 true or false?

It is not true What are you saying? So 5 is not less than 4

So what will happen? False will come instead of d So I will run it and show you

You see here false came But if I flip it If I make 5 greater than 4

Then what will happen? What will come instead of d? True will come

So comparison operators always Either return true or false Comparison operators always

Return boolean So great This is comparison operators

Comparison operators are not just greater than They are greater than equal to Either greater than or equal to

If I will make 5 greater than or equal to 5 It will return true And if I will make 5 greater than 5

Is it greater than 5? No it is not greater than 5 It is equal

And it will be false Greater than equal to means Greater than OR equal to

Either greater than OR equal to You can see 5 greater than equal to

I wrote 5 here So it returned true Even less than equal to

Will return true Greater than OR equal to Either less than OR equal to

It is equal to So it returned true So these are our comparison operators

In comparison operators Not equal to also comes I will show you that too

If I say 5 is not equal to 7 So it is true It is true

So it returned true If I say 5 is not equal to 5 5 is equal to 5 actually

It is false So this thing is false That's why

The value of d will be false I hope you got the point Now if I say

Double equals to Which means Is it equal to 5?

Is it true or false? It is true It is equal to 5

So d What will happen? d will be true

Now many people Who are beginners in programming They say

Double equal to and single equal to They have a lot of confusion Because all their life

Equal to means Is it equal to this? They have always learned this

But suddenly When they are introduced in programming They are told

Double equal to Means Comparison operator

And equal to assignment operator So somewhere Their mind starts to blow

But I tell you When you have to check If two values are equal

Or not Then use double equal to Always

Remember this And when you have to do assignment Means

If you have to put a value in a variable Then you use single equal to I hope you got the point

These things are very simple And straightforward Right?

So let's move ahead I hope I could explain to you You learn python from somewhere

That's why I took the opportunity To teach you python

And It's my luck Right?

So let's move ahead Now see here We have seen comparison operators

Let's see logical operators What are logical operators? If I show you logical operators

I write here Logical operators See if I write here

E is equal to And I write here One

And then I write Or Five

Or I say True or false Right?

Either true Or false Right?

So what will happen? What will be the value of E? E's value will be

True Now you will say What is going on?

I don't understand You will say What is this?

For once you will see You will say What is true or false?

So see Where do logical operators Come from?

If you have read Switching circuits in class 12 Which you are taught

In the chapter of semiconductor If you haven't read Then I will tell you

What is this? So if I tell you Either you are a human

Or an animal Either you are a human Or an animal

Right? So is this true or false? This is true

Either you are a human Or an animal You are a human

So if I say You are a human And you are an animal

Or I say You are a human And you are a fish

Is this true? No, this is not true You are not a fish

You are not a fish So For AND

When both things are true Then it will return true For OR

If one of the two Is true Then it will return true

If I say If I say If I say

If I say If I say If I say

If I say If I say If I say

Either this or this Means one of the two Should be true

So it will return true So these are the logical operators So if I

Make its truth table And show you Actually the truth table

Is called So I made this program For you

See how easy it will become To understand for you So you will see

Its output Telling True or false is true

True or true is true False or true True or true is true

But false or false is False So what happens is

If one of the two is true It will return true Otherwise

If both are false It will return false If I make this truth table

For AND This is called Truth table

By the way This is the fancy name Of this thing

Which two operands What value is going to come This is called

Truth table So if I write here Truth table of

Truth Truth Table

Of OR This is basically

Called truth table Which two values What value is going to come

Simple So don't get confused At all

And here AND And I put AND

In single quote So that you can easily Understand

You will know This is OR Truth table

And here What I will simply do I will replace OR

With AND You see By pressing ALT

How I am bringing Multiple cursors Yes

This is called Multicursor functionality I will tell you

What is this So what happens Once

If I Press ALT In my keyboard

And wherever I click There will be one

Cursor And whatever I type

Will come in that cursor This is called Multicursor functionality

Of VS Code If you are in VS Code You can use

Multicursor functionality I hope you liked This feature

If you are a beginner If you know This feature

For the first time You must have liked it You must have enjoyed

So let's print This truth table So see

We printed OR's truth table TRUE OR FALSE is TRUE

TRUE OR TRUE is this Now here TRUE AND FALSE is FALSE

TRUE AND TRUE is TRUE Means both things Should be true

AND means Both things should be true So see when TRUE AND TRUE

Is TRUE Then everywhere else Is FALSE

As simple as that Now we will talk About NOT

About NOT NOT Operates on

Only one operand Means TRUE is FALSE

FALSE is TRUE Now if you Have seen this course

So far I will request you That you like this video

In the comment section below This python course Is helpful

If you find this course Helpful So if I write here

PRINT NOT OF FALSE Then you will see TRUE

So I will show you You will see TRUE And if I say here

PRINT NOT OF TRUE Then you will see FALSE

So this basically Operates on Boolean operators

Operates on Single operand Make TRUE FALSE

Make FALSE TRUE That is called NOT Operator

Write in the comment Someone Who makes TRUE FALSE

And FALSE TRUE That is called NOT Operator

Someone Who makes TRUE FALSE And FALSE TRUE

That is called NOT Operator If you have time

Write in the comment Someone who wins Even after losing

Is called a winner And someone who Makes TRUE FALSE

And FALSE TRUE That is called NOT Operator

Write below Okay We will all learn

From this And we all will be Thankful

I will come back In python handbook We have understood

All the operators Now we will talk About type function

And type casting For which I Will tell you

What is type casting And what is type I have already told you

Integer String None

Boolean These are all types If I want to know

What is the type of any variable How will I do that We will use

This type of code I want to copy it By pressing

Control C Like this And after copying

I will paste it In my program And basically

I will write it Line by line And I will print

Type of A If I write T is equal to

Type of A And I can Print

T And I will show you As soon as I run it

So you see Class int is written here Because this is

Integer Okay If I make it

31.2 So I This time

I have to write Class int This time

I will write Class float Why

Because 31.2 Has decimal And it is

Floating point number Because it is Floating point number

That's why I am writing 31.2

Then it will become A string I will show you

So you see Class str is being printed Look at the output

Class str is being printed What is the meaning Of this

This means That by using Type function

You can print Any type of Variable

Yes Any type of Variable

This is a very good thing That you can Print any type of

Variable The most interesting Thing is

You can change Any type of Variable

In any type of Variable On the condition

That it is valid What is the meaning Of this

If I say That this Is 31.2

Something like this I will write it like this Okay

I can write it As per my wish So you tell me

What will be its type You tell me What will be its type

In the comment section With timestamp Tell me

What will be its type And if you wrote String

Then you are A genius Because we have come

Too far And you figured it out Which is amazing

So kudos to you Because it is in Double quote

So if I run it Then you see Class str is being