How Industrialization Spread Globally: Steam Power and Four Key Case Studies

so the Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain but it wasn't long before it started spreading quick fast and in a

hurry and that is what this video is all about so if you're ready to get them brain cows milked let's get to it now

the first thing you need to understand is that it was the development of a new technology that rapidly increased the

spread of industrialization and that technology was the steam engine which was a machine that converted fossil fuel

into mechanical energy fossil fuel mechanical energy who cares no listen this was a huge deal like remember from

the last video when I told you about the first kinds of factories and how they were waterp powerered which means they

had to be built on the banks of fact moving water but with the introduction of the steam engine coal and steam could

make industrial machines work and that means that a factory could be built dang near anywhere and with that restriction

gone the pace of the Industrial Revolution increased rapidly but not only that they went ahead and put steam

engines and ships which meant that mass-produced Goods could be transported further and faster to distant markets

and that further connected the world into a growing global economy oh and by the way if you want no guys to follow

along with this video on all my videos check the link in the description anyway now that steam power was unlocked and

Industrial Technologies began to spread you need to understand that there were some places that Industrial Iz quickly

while other places industrialized uh real slow and as a budding historian your first question is obviously what

explains the difference in adoption I got you boo so in the last video we talked about all the seven factors that

existed in Great Britain that enabled them to be the first movers and shakers at the industrial party things like

waterways and lots of coal and favorable government policies so as industrialization spread what explains

the difference between quick adopters and slow adopters was the degree to which each place also had those factors

those that had many are all of them industrialized quickly and those that had few or none of them you know they

didn't so many places in eastern and southern Europe for example lacked abundant coal deposits and were

landlocked without easy access to waterways or else they were hindered by historically powerful groups like The

nobility who didn't want their power challenged by this new economic Arrangement so the point is in the 18th

and 19th century the world was becoming divided into industrialized nations and non-industrialized Nations it was the

industrialized nations like Great Britain and then France and the United States that began to claim a growing

portion of the world's Global manufacturing output and economic wealth but on the other side of the spectrum

countries in the Middle East and Asia who had previously been manufacturing powerhouses of the world started to see

their share of production for the world decline for example we could consider the decline of textile production in

India and Egypt both had long been renowned for the quality of their textile production but with the rise of

mass-produced textiles in Britain which were far cheaper Indian and Egyptian market share decline or another example

would be the decline of ship building in India and Southeast Asia now both regions had actually experienced an

increase in ship building prior to the Industrial Revolution but with Britain's Colonial takeover of the region the ship

building sector was largely common deer to control by Britain who forced manufacturers to build ships for the

Royal Navy in other words on a global scale industrial countries made and sold lots of stuff but non-industrial

countries not so much and that means that power began to shift to those industrialized countries okay now in

case you had noticed I've been talking real vague about all of this but now we need to get specific and lay out four

test cases for how industrialization spread and those four make a real nice comparison so first let's start in

Western Europe and consider how industrialization took Route in France it wasn't until after 1815 that France

began to industrialize on account of Napoleon was real busy taking over everybody's crap but once that

authoritarian turd was out of the way France began to adopt Industrial Technologies but their industrialization

was way slower than Britain's and why well one of the main reasons is that France lacked the Abundant coal and iron

deposits which was kind of the bread and butter of industrialization even so before Napoleon was ousted he sort of

laid the foundations for French industrialization thanks to his construction of the Quenton Canal which

was a major Waterway connecting Paris with the iron and coal fields of the north soon the government sponsored the

construction of railroads and by the 1830s textile factories were built which created a significant cotton industry

for France and bonus revive their slumping silk industry as well so compared to Britain France

industrialized much slower but on the upside that slower adoption meant that France was spared some of the intense

social upheavals Britain experienced because of its rapid transition okay the second case in the spread of

industrialization is the United States turns out that during the middle of the 19th century they were working out some

of their uh differences in a civil war but once they got all that straightened out the US industrialized real fast and

became a major player on the global economic stage mainly owing to the fact that it possessed many of the same

factors that Britain had its territory was massive which gave him abundant access to Natural Resources not to

mention its relatively political stability after the war additionally his population was growing rapidly both

through natural production and migration which provided an expanding market for mass-produced goods because as an

eminent Economist once said if you're going to make crap you better have people to buy anyway as a result the US

economy grew exceedingly prosperous and that led to a higher standard of living for its workers than their counterparts

in Europe and then the third case in the spread of industrialization was Russia now by the end of the 19th century

Russia still remained under the dictatorial thumb of an absolutist Zar but the Zar attached to that thumb could

see that if Russia didn't industrialize they were going to be left behind and so he adopted many Industrial Technologies

most importantly Railroad and steam engine Technologies and got industrialization going like a boss and

one significant achievement was the construction of the Trans Siberian railroad which stretched all the way

from Moscow to the Pacific Ocean and the chief effect of this project was a significant increase in trade with

eastern states like China as well as creating an interdependent Market throughout Russia but although Russia's

industrialization project brought them somewhat on par with other industrial Powers the top down approach yielded

brutal conditions for the work and that led to many uprisings among those workers and would eventually lead to the

Russian Revolution of 1905 therefore unlike the United States in which industrialization was largely driven

From Below by workers seeking New Opportunities Russia's industrialization was a state-driven affair in response to

Russia's lagging development compared to Western Europe and then the fourth and final case in the spread of

industrialization is Japan now I'll get into more detail on this in later videos but the short version of the context

here is that many Asian states were declining in power as Western industrial States became the big boys on the field

and that meant that places like China who had for centuries been among the most powerful economic states in the

world were getting knocked around and taken advantage of by Western Powers who forced them into submission through many

unequal treaties so Japan saw all this and was like nuh-uh like they didn't want to become subservient to Western

Powers too so they began a kind of defensive industrialization during a period known as the ma restoration they

borrowed heavily from Western technology and Western education Etc and quickly became an industrial power in the East

so much so that in a couple of decades Japan would be the most powerful state in the region Okay click here to keep

reviewing for unit 5 and click here to get your hands on my video note guys they're great for students who don't

like reading their textbook but still need to get the content of the course firmly crammed into their brain folds

anyway thanks for hanging out with me and I'll catch you on the flipflop I'm lout